Singapore Population Policy -Since 1987, the 'three or more if you ccan afford it' policy. -To curb the falling birth rate and keepp it above the replacement level. -Incentives -Tax relief and rebates for first four children -Priority in education for families with three children. -Reduced maid levies -Child-care subsidies -No pay leave -Opening of childcare centres -Education through the mass media. China's 'One-child' Policy -It advocates -Delayed marriage and childbearing -Later and healthier births -One child a couple. -To ensure that China does not suffer thhe symptoms of overcrowding -High birth rate -Low Life expectancy -Low literacy level -Poor living conditions (housing shortage,poor sanitation, etc) -Low GNP per capita -High rate of unemployment -Government is stretched economically to provide housing, facilities etc for the people, impeding economic and other types of growth. -This is compounded by the large populattion increase since the Communist Party came to power -Former policy by Mao Zedong -To ensure that China can feed itself -It has a history of floods and famines. -Implementation -Mass media -Widely advertising the policy amongst citizens -Setting up Clinics -Offering advice to couples who wish to have babies. -Making contraception easier and more widespread. -Regulating Pregnancies -Babies have to be registered to allow the state to keep track of them. -Abortions of second children -Making people undergo sterilization such that they are unable to have more than one child. -Incentives -Priority in terms of education and housing -Priority in employment -Monetary bonuses -Access to health-care -Penalties -Fines -Annual Tax -Results: Drop in the birth rate from 3..3 to 2.1 percent. -Pros -Children benefit when they are only children -More of the family's resources are devoted to them -Better fed, and receive more love and care. -Chance to get good educations -Women are able to concentrate more on their careers. -Relieves the population stress in a country which holds 1/5 of the world population. -Cons -Short term view? -Skewed sex ratio in which there are 117 males to every 100 females. -Only children tend to grow up spoiled and selfish as compared to children with siblings. -These children also tend not to value tradition, leading to erosion of cultural values. -Female infanticide, because traditionally the Chinese prefer male children to continue the family line. -Forced abortions or abortions to have a male child. Human rights abuse of females. -Mass sterilization of rural areas as well.