World History – Mr. O’Donnell

Chinese Rulers and Emperors

In History, Mythology, and Folklore

“Early Chinese history is derived from archaeological evidence and (with due caution) later legend. More systematic history begins with the Shang and particularly the Zhou dynasties. This early political period, vital in Chinese cultural development, ends in 221 B.C.E. with the establishment of a more powerful state.” [1]

“Chinese emperors had many names – a family name, reign titles, and a temple name as well as a multitude of honorary titles. The first Ming emperor, for example, was born Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu was his family name). When he declared himself emperor he took the reign title Hongwu (‘Vast Military Power’) and was known after his death by his temple name, Taizu (‘Surpreme Progenitor’). Strictly speaking the reign title refers to a number of years and the correct usage is therefore ‘emperor of the Hongwu period’. Ming and Qing emperors kept one reign title throughout their reign but many earlier emperors changed them to mark an auspicious event or the start of a new era and years were then dated from the start of such reign eras rather than from the emperor’s date of accession.” [2]

“The exact regulations governing the ranks of women in the imperial household varied. A girl entered the palace as a concubine; if she became an imperial favourite, she was promoted to consort; if the emperor married her, she became empress. Any concubine whose son became emperor became empress on her son’s accession (this frequently occurred posthumously).” [2]

Descent of Shang Dynasty Rulers from Adam and Eve As Reckoned by Lester D. K. Chow [3]
Old Testament Descendants	4026 – 3096 B.C.	Adam (Earthling man, mankind)
	3896 – 2984 B.C.	Seth (Appointed, substituded)
	905	Enosh (Enos = man)
	910	Kenan (Possession)
	895	Mahalalel (Praise of God, or God shines forth)
	3566 – 2604 B.C.	Jared (Descent)
	365	Enoch (Initiated, or dedicated)
	3229 – 2370 B.C.	Methuselah (Man of the dart/light spear)
	3152 – 2375 B.C.	Lamech (A strong youth)
	2970 – 2020 B.C.	Noah (Rest, or consolation)
	2468	Shem (Renown)
	2368	Arpachshad (Ability)
	2333	Shelah (Established + place)
	2303	Eber (Be high gift from God)
	2267	Joktan (Tribe to sustain)
	2206	Jobab (Jehovah to hold)
Shang Dynasty Descendants 1767 – 1121 B.C.		Tang | T’ien I | Ch’eng T’ang (To rest on Harmony)
		Ta Ting “Great Authority”
		Ta Chia “Great Family/kindred”
		Ta Keng | T’ai Keng Hsiao | Keng Pien “Great Change”
		Ta Mou | T’ai Mou | Chung Tsung “To Say”
		Chung Ting “Center Authority”
		Tsu I “My Ancestors”
		Tsu Hsin “Ancestral Faith”
		Tsu Ting “Ancestral Authority”
		Hsiao I “Filial Am I”
		Wu Ting | Wo Ting | Kao Tsung “Military Authority”
		Tsu Chia “Ancestral Family
		K’ang Ting | Keng Ting ‘Peace/Repose Authority”
	r. 1123 B.C.	Wu I | Wu Tsu “Subject to Me”
		Wen-Wu Ting | T’ai Ting “Shen’s Authority”
		Fu I | Ti I | I “First Father”
		His Wen | Ti Hsin | Djou “Succession from Shen”
		Wu Keng “To Awaken Change”
Legendary Rulers As reckoned by The Encyclopedia of World History [1]
“Chinese texts speak of three great rulers and three sage kings, all mythical, of high antiquity.”
Three Great Rulers	2852 – 2737 BCE	Fuxi
	2737 – 2697 BCE	Shennong
	2697 – ? BCE	Huangdi, The Yellow Emperor
Three Sage Kings	2357 – 2256 BCE	Yao
	2255 – 2205 BCE	Shun
	2205 – 2198 BCE	Yu
		Yu picked an able successor, but the people allegedly opted instead for his son and so was instituted the Xia Dynasty (trad. 2205 – 1966). The last ruler of the Xia was the evil Jie, who was deposed by Tang, who founded the Shang Dynasty (1766 – 1122). Details of the Xia from historical and literary texts are difficult to corroborate.

San Huang Period ~3000 – 2700 BC
	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]
	Fu Xi Shi (2,953 – 2,852 B.C.)
	Shen Nong Shi – Also known as Yan Di (2,852 – 2,737 B.C.)
	Sui Ren Shi (2,737 – 2,697 B.C.)
	Wu Di Period 2697 – 2205 BC
	“Historians have not been able to agree upon who were the five kings; Some say Huang Di, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Yao and Di Shun. Others say Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Gao Di, Di Yao and Di Shun.”  [4]
	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]
	Huang Di – Xuan Yuan Shi (2,697 - 2,597 B.C.)
	Shao Hao - Jin Tian Shi (2,597 - 2,513 B.C.)
	Zhuan Xu - Gao Yang Shi (2,513 - 2,435 B.C.)
	Di Ku - Gao Xin Shi (2,435 - 2,365 B.C.)
	Zhi Di (2,365 - 2,357 B.C.)
	Yao Di - or Tang Yao (2,357 - 2,255 B.C)
	Shun Di- or Yu Shun (2,255 - 2,205 B.C.)

Hsia | Xia Dynasty
	As  Reckoned  by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]
	Yu fl. 2100-2055	Xia Yu Di 2205 – 2197 BC
	Ch'I fl. 2055-2016	Xia Qi (2,197 – 2188 B.C.)
	Ta K'ang fl. 2016-1986	Xia Tai Kang (2,188 – 2,159 B.C.)
	Chung K'ang fl. 1986-1977	Xia Zhong Kang (2,159 – 2,146 B.C.)
	Hsiang fl. 1977-1970 >	Xia Xiang (2,146 – 2,079 B.C.)
	Shao K'ang	Xia Shao Kang (2,079 – 2,057 B.C.)
	Chu 17 years	Xia Zhu (2,057 – 2,040 B.C.)
	Feng 26 years	Xia Huai (2,040 – 2,014 B.C.)
	Huang	Xia Man (2,014 – 1,996 B.C.)
	Hsieh more than 21 years	Xia Xie (1,996 – 1,980 B.C.)
	Pu Chiang 69 years	Xia Bu Jiang (1,980 – 1,921 B.C.)
	Chiung 21 years	Xia Pian (1,921 – 1,900 B.C.)
	Chin 20 years	Xia Li (1,900 – 1,879 B.C.)
	K'ung Chia	Xia Kung Jia (1,879 – 1,848 B.C.)
	Kao 3 years	Xia Bo (1,848 – 1,837 B.C.)
	Fa	Xia Fa (1,837 – 1,818 B.C.)
	Chieh fl. c. 1600	Xia Jie (1,818 – 1,783 B.C.)

Shang Dynasty
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]
Ta E fl. c. 1600
Pu Ping
Nan Jen	Shang Tang (1,783 – 1,753 B.C.)	Ch'êng-t'ang 1523 -
Ta Chia	Shang Tai Jia (1,753 – 1,720 B.C.)	T'ai-chia
Tsu Ting	Shang Wo Ding 1,720 – 1,691 B.C.)	Wu-ling
Ta Keng	Shang Tai Kang (1,691 – 1,666 B.C.)	T'ai-kêng
Hsiao Chia	Shang Xiao Jia (1,666 – 1,649 B.C.)	Hsiao-chia
Yung Chi	Shang Yong Ji (1,649 – 1,637 B.C.)	Yung-chi
Ta Mou	Shang Tai Wu (1,637 – 1,562 B.C.)	T'ai-wu
Chung Ting	Shang Zhong Ding (1,562 – 1,549 B.C.)	Chung-ting
Pu Jen	Shang Wai Ren (1,549 – 1,534 B.C.)	Wai-jên
Chia	Shang He Tan Jia (1,534 – 1,525 B.C.)	Tsien-chia
Tsu E	Shang Zu Yi (1,525 – 1,506 B.C.)	Tsu-yi
Tsu Hsin	Shang Zu Xing (1,506 – 1,490 B.C.)	Tsu-hsin
Ch'iang Chia	Shang Wo Jia (1,490 – 1,465 B.C.)	Ch'iang-chia
Tsu Ting	Shang Zu Ding (1,465 – 1,433 B.C.)	Tsu-ting
Nan Keng	Shang Nan Geng (1,433 – 1,408 B.C.)	Nan-kêng
Chia	Shang Yang Jia (1,408 – 1,401 B.C.)	Hu-chia
Pan Keng c. 1325- ?	Shang Pan Kang (1,401 – 1372 B.C.)	P'an-kêng
Hsiao Hsin	Shang Xiao Xing (1,372 – 1,352 B.C.)	Hsiao-hsin
Hsiao E ? -c. 1230	Shang Xiao Yi (1,352 – 1,324 B.C.)	Hsiao-yi
Wu Ting c. 1230-c. 1171	Shang Wu Ding (1,324 – 1,265 B.C.)	Wu-ting
Tsu Keng c. 1171-c. 1164	Shang Zu Geng (1,265 – 1,258 B.C.)	Tsu-kêng
Tsu Chia c. 1164-c. 1131	Shang Zu Jia (1,258 – 1,235 B.C.)	Tsu-chia
Hsiung Hsin c. 1131-c. 1127	Shang Bing Xing (1,235 – 1,219 B.C.)	Lin-hsin
K'ang Ting c. 1127-c. 1123	Shang Geng Ding (1,219 – 1,198 B.C.)	K'ang-tin
Wu E c. 1123-c. 1088	Shang Wu Yi (1,198 – 1,194 B.C.)	Wu-yi
Wen Wu Ting c. 1088-c. 1077	Shang Tai Ding (1,194 – 1,191 B.C.)	Wên-wu-ting
Fu E c. 1077-c. 1075	Shang Di Yi (1,191 – 1,154 B.C.)	Ti-yi
Ti Hsin c. 1075-c. 1050	Shang Zhou (1,154 – 1,134 B.C.)	Ti-hsin
Chou | Xi Zhou Dynasty
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]
Wu c. 1050-c. 1047	Zhou Wu Wang (1,134-1,115 B.C.)	Wu Wang
Ch'eng c. 1047-c. 1017	Zhou Cheng Wang (1,115-1,078 B.C.)	Chêng Wang
K'ang c. 1017-c. 992	Zhou Kang Wang (1,078 – 1,052 B.C.)	K'ang Wang
Chao c. 992-c. 973	Zhou Zhao Wang (1,052 – 1,001 B.C.)	Chao Wang
Mu c. 973-c. 918	Zhou Mu Wang (1,001 – 946 B.C.)	Mu Wang
Kung c. 918-c. 903	Zhou Gong Wang (946 – 934 B.C.)	Kung Wang
E c. 903-c. 900	Zhou Yi Wang (934 – 909 B.C.)	I Wang
Hsiao c. 900-c. 893	Zhou Xiao Wang (909 – 894 B.C.)	Hsiao Wang
Yi c. 893-c. 861	Zhou Yi Wang (894 – 878 B.C.)	I Wang
Li c. 861-827	Zhou Li Wang (878 – 827 B.C.)	Li Wang 878
Hsuan 827-781	Zhou Xuan Wang (827 – 781 B.C.)	Hsüan Wang 827
Yu 781-c. 772	Zhou You Wang (781 – 770 B.C.)	Yu Wang 781
From this time on, the structure of Chinese society became increasingly feudalized, as local provinces became increasingly autonomous. Formal recognition of the Chou Emperors was retained, but real power fell more and more into the hands of petty Kingdoms within China.
Dong Zhou Dynasty
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]
Ping c. 772-719 with...	Zhou Ping Wang (770-719 B.C.)	P'ing Wang 770
Hsi Wang 770-760
Huan 719-696	Zhou Huan Wang (719 – 696 B.C.)	Huan Wang 719
Chuang 696-681	Zhou Zhuang Wang (696 – 683 B.C.)	Chuang Wang 696
His 681-675	Zhou Xi Wang (683 –676 B.C.)	Hsi Wang 681
T'ui 675-673 with...	Zhou Hui Wang (676 – 651 B.C.)	Hui Wang 676
Hui 675-c. 651
Hsiang c. 651-c. 618 with...	Zhou Xian Wang (651 – 618 B.C.)	Hsiang Wang 651
Shu Tai 636-635
Ch'ing c. 618-612	Zhou Qing Wang (618 – 612 B.C.)	Ch'ing Wang 618
K'uang 612-606	Zhou Kuang Wang (612 – 606 B.C.)	K'uang Wang 612
Ting 606-585	Zhou Ding Wang (606 –585 B.C.)	Ting Wang 606
Chien 585-571	Zhou Jian Wang (585 – 571 B.C.)	Chien Wang 585
Ling 571-544	Zhou Ling Wang (571 – 544 B.C.)	Ling Wang 571
Ching (I) 544-520	Zhou Jing Wang (544 – 519 B.C.)	Ching Wang 544
Tao 520
Ching (II) 519-c. 476	Zhou Jing Wang (519 – 476 B.C.)	Ching Wang
YuanC c. 476-c. 469	Zhou Yuan Wang (476 – 468 B.C.)	Yüan Wang 475
Ting c. 469-c. 440	Zhou Zhen Ding Wang (468 – 441 B.C.)	Chêng-ting Wang 468
K'ao c. 440- ? with...	Zhou Ai Wang (441 – 441 B.C.)	K'ao Wang 440
Ai 440 and...
Ssu 440 and...	Zhou Si Wang (441 – 440 B.C.)
Hsi Chou Huan Kung	Zhou Kao Wang (440 – 425 B.C.)
Wei Lieh 425- ? with...	Zhou Wei Li Wang (425 – 401 B.C.)	Wei-lieh Wang 425
Hsi Chou Wei Kung
By this point the Chou monarchy had lost all control over provincial dynasties, and the remaining Chou era is known as the "Warring States" period, as various local states contended for the Mandate of Heaven.
An c. 401- ? with...	Zhou An Wang (401 – 375 B.C.)	An Wang 401
Hsi Chou Hui Kung
Lieh 375-368 with...	Zhou Lie Wang (375 – 368 B.C.)	Lieh Wang 375
Hsi Chou Wu Kung ? - ? and...
Tung Chou Hui Kung 367-359 and then...
Heien 368- ? with...	Zhou Xian Wang (368 – 320 B.C.)	Hsien Wang 368
Hsi Chou Wen Kung ? -249 (sic) and...
Tung Chou Wu Kung 359- ? then...
Shen Ching 320-314	Zhou Shen Ling Wang (320 – 314 B.C.)	Shên-ching Wang 320
Nan 314-256	Zhou Bao Wang (314 – 255 B.C.)	Nan Wang 314-256
	Zhou Hui Wang (255 – 221 B.C.)

Chin | Qin | Ch'in Dynasty
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]	As Reckoned By A. Paludan [2]
		Chao-hsiang Wang (302) 255
		Hsiao-wên Wang 250
		Chuang-hsing Wang 249
Shihuangdi (Zheng) 247-210	Qin Shi Huang Di (246 – 210 B.C.)	Wang Chêng 247 (changes his name to) Shih-huang-ti/ Shihuangdi 221	Zheng Qin Shihuangdi 221 BC - 210 BC
Er Shi (Hu Hai) 210-207	Qin Er Shi (209 – 207 B.C.)	Erh-shih-huang-ti 209	Hu Hai Er Shi | Ershihuangdi 210 BC - 207 BC
Ziying 207-206	Qin San Shi (207 – 206 B.C.)		Ziying | Sanshihuangdi 207 BC - 207 BC Reigned 46 days
Western Han | Hàn | Xi Han Dynasty
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5]	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]	As Reckoned By A. Paludan [2]
Gaodi (Liu Bang) 206-195	Han Gao Zu – Liu Bang (206 – 194 B.C.)	Kao Tsu Liu Pang 206	Liu Bang | Liu Ji Gaodi | Gaozu 206 BC - 195 BC
	Chu Ba Wang (206 – 202 B.C.)
Huidi (Liu Ying) 195-188	Han Hui Di (194 – 187 B.C.)	Hui Ti Liu Ying 194	Liu Ying Huidi 195 BC - 188 BC
Shaodi Kong 188-180 with...	Han Lu Hou (187 – 179 B.C.)	Lu Hou (f) Lu Chih regent 187	Lu Zhi | Lu Hou (Regent for Shaodi Kong and Shaodi Hong) 188 BC - 180 BC
Shaodi Hong 188-180
Wendi (Liu Heng) 180-157	Han Wen Di (179 – 156 B.C.)	Wên Ti Liu Heng 179	Liu Heng Wendi 180 BC - 157 BC
Jingdi (Liu Qi) 157-141	Han Jing Di (156 – 140 B.C.)	Ching Ti Liu Ch'I 156	Liu Qi Jingdi 157 BC - 141 BC
Wudi (Liu Che) 141-87	Han Wu Di (140 – 86 B.C.)	Wu Ti Liu Ch'e 140	Liu Che Wudi 141 BC -  87 BC
Zhaodi (Liu Fuling) 87-74	Han Zhao Di (86 – 74 B.C.)	Chao Ti Liu Fu-ling 86	Liu Fuling Zhaodi 87 BC - 74 BC
Xuandi (Liu Bingyi) 74-49	Han Xuan Di (74 – 49 B.C.)	Hsüan Ti Liu Ping-I 73	Liu Bingyi | Liu Xun Xuandi 74 BC - 49 BC
Yuandi (Liu Shi) 49-33	Han Yuan Di (49 – 32 B.C.)	Yüan Ti Liu Shih 48	Liu Shi Yuandi  49 BC -  33 BC
Chengdi (Liu Ao) 33-7	Han Cheng Di (32 – 6 B.C.)	Ch'eng Ti Liu Ao 32	Liu Ao | Liu Au Chengdi  33 BC -   7 BC
Aidi (Liu Xin) 7-1	Han Ai Di (6 – 0 B.C.)	Ai Ti Liu Hsin 6 BC	Liu Xin Aidi   7 BC -   1 BC
Pingdi (Liu Jizi) 1 BCE-6 CE	Han Ping Di (0 – 6 A.D.)	P'ing Ti Liu Chi-tzu 1 AD	Liu Jizi | Liu Kan Pingdi   1 BC -   6 AD
Ruzi (Liu Ying) 6-9		Ju-tzu Liu Ying 6	Liu Ying Ruzi   7 -   9
			Wang Mang   9 -  23
			Note: Wang Mang founded the Xin (‘New’) dynasty, but it is not recognized by official historians.
Hsin | Xin Dynasty
	As Reckoned By Yutopian [4]	As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6]
	Wang Mang (? – 23 A.D.)	Wang Mang 9
	Han Wei Yang Wang – Liu Xuan (23 – 25 A.D.)	Huai-yang Wang 23

Eastern Han Dynasty 25 - 220
Eastern Han Dynasty 25 - 220	25 -  57	Liu Xiu | Guang Wudi | Guangwudi
	57 -  75	Liu Yang | Liu Zhuang | Mingdi
	75 -  88	Liu Da | Zhangdi
	88 - 106	Liu Zhao | Hedi
	106 - 106	Liu Long | Shangdi
	106 - 125	Liu Yu | Liu Hu | Andi
	125 - 144	Liu Bao | Shundi
	144 - 145	Liu Bing | Chongdi
	145 - 146	Liu Zuan | Zhidi
	146 - 168	Liu Zhi | Huandi
	168 - 189	Liu Hong | Lingdi
	189 - 220	Liu Xie | Xiandi
The Three Kingdoms Period 220 - 280
Wei Kingdom 220 - 264	220 - 226	Cao Pi | Wendi
	227 - 239	Mingdi
	240 - 253	Shaodi
	254 - 260	Gao Gui Xiang Gong
	260 - 264	Yuandi
Wu Kingdom 222 - 280	222 - 252	Sun Quan | Wu Wudi
	252 - 258	Feidi
	258 - 264	Jingdi
	264 - 280	Modi
Shu Han Kingdom 221 - 263	221 - 223	Liu Bei | Shu Han Xuande | Zhaoliedi
	223 - 263	Hou Zhu
The Period of Disunion 265 - 589
Western Jin 265 - 316	265 - 289	Sima Yuan | Sima Yan | Jin Wudi
	290 - 306	Sima Zhong | Huidi
	307 - 312	Sima Zhi | Huaidi
	313 - 316	Sima Ye | Mindi
Eastern Jin 317 - 419	317 - 322	Sima Rui | Yuandi
	323 - 325	Sima Shao | Mingdi
	326 - 342	Sima Yan | Chengdi
	343 - 344	Sima Yue | Kangdi
	345 - 361	Sima Dan | Mudi
	362 - 365	Sima Pi | Aidi
	366 - 370	Sima Yi | Hai Xi Gong | Haixigong
	371 - 372	Sima Yu | Jian Wendi | Jianwendi
	373 - 396	Sima Yao | Xiao Wudi | Xiaowudi
	397 - 418	Sima Dezong | Andi
	419 -419	Sima Dewen | Gongdi
Liu Song Dynasty 420 -479	420 - 422	Liu Yu | Song Wudi
	423 - 423	Liu Yifu | Ying Yang Wang
	424 - 453	Liu Yilong | Wendi
	454 - 464	Liu Jun | Xiao Wudi
	465 - 472	Liu Yu | Mingdi
	473 - 476	Liu Ye | Cang Wu Wang
	477 - 479	Liu Jun | Shundi
Qi Dynasty 479 -501	479 - 482	Xiao Daocheng | Qi Gaodi
	483 - 493	Xiao Ze | Wudi
	494 - 498	Xiao Luan | Mingdi
	499 - 500	Xiao Bao Chuan | Dong Hunhou
	501 -501	Hedi
Liang Dynasty 502 - 556	502 - 549	Xiao Yan | Liang Wudi
	550 - 550	Xiao Gang | Jian Wendi
	551 - 551	Yu Zhang Wang
	552 - 554	Xiao Yi | Yuandi
	555 - 556	Xiao Fangzhi | Jingdi
Chen 557 - 589	557 -559	Chen Baxian | Wudi
	560 - 566	Chen Qian | Wendi
	567 - 568	Chen Bozong | Lin Hai Wang
	569 - 582	Chen Xu | Xuandi
	583 - 589	Chen Shubao | Hou Zhu
Sui and Tang Dynasties 581 - 907
Sui Dynasty 581 - 618	581 - 604	Yang Jian | Wendi
	604 - 617	Yang Guang | Yangdi
	617 - 618	Yang Yu | Gongdi
Tang Dynasty 618 - 907	618 - 626	Li Yuan | Gaozu
	626 - 649	Li Shimin | Taizong
	649 - 683	Li Zhi | Gaozong
	684 - 684	Li Zhe | Zhongzong
	684 - 690	Li Dan | Ruizong
	690 - 705	Wu Zhao | Wu Zetian
	705 - 710	Li Zhe | Zhongzong
	710 - 712	Li Dan | Ruizong
	712 - 756	Li Longji | Xuanzong
	756 - 762	Li Yu | Li Heng | Suzong
	762 - 779	Li Yu | Daizong
	779 - 805	Li Shi | Dezong
	805 - 805	Li Song | Shunzong
	805 - 820	Li Chun | Xianzong
	820 - 824	Li Heng | Muzong
	824 - 827	Li Zhan | Jingzong
	827 - 840	Li Ang | Wenzong
	840 - 846	Li Yan | Wuzong
	846 - 859	Li Chen | Li Zhen | Xuanzong
	859 - 873	Li Wen | Li Cui | Yizong
	873 - 888	Li Yan | Xizong
	888 - 904	Li Jie | Li Yi | Zhaozong
	904 - 907	Li Zhu | Adi | Zhaoxuan | Aizong
Five Dynasties Period 907 - 960
Later Liang 907 - 923	907 - 910	Zhu Wen | Liang Taizu
	911 - 923	Modi
Later Tang 923 - 935	923 - 926	Tang Zhuangzong
	926 - 935	Mingzong
	934 - 935	Feidi
Later Jin 936 - 947	936 - 944	Gaozu
	944 - 947	Chudi
Later Han 947 - 951	947 - 948	Gaozu
	948 - 951	Yindi
Later Zhou 951 - 960	951 - 954	Taizu
	954 - 960	Shizong
Northern and Southern Song 960 - 1279
Northern Song 960 - 1126	960 - 976	Zhao Kuangyin | Taizu
	976 - 997	Zhao Guangyi | Zhao Kuangyi | Taizong
	998 - 1022	Zhao Dechang | Zhao Heng | Zhenzong
	1022 - 1063	Zhao Zhen | Renzong
	1064 - 1067	Zhao Shu | Yingzong
	1068 - 1085	Zhao Xu | Shenzong
	1086 - 1101	Zhao Xu | Zhezong
	1101 - 1125	Zhao Ji | Huizong
	1126 - 1126	Zhao Huan | Qinzong
Southern Song 1127 - 1279	1127 - 1162	Zhao Gou | Gaozong
	1163 - 1190	Zhao Bozong | Zhao Shen | Xiaozong
	1190 - 1194	Zhao Dun | Guangzong
	1195 - 1224	Zhao Kuo | Ningzong
	1225 - 1264	Zhao Yuju | Zhao Tian | Lizong
	1265 - 1274	Zhao Mengqi | Zhao Qi | Duzong
	1275 - 1275	Zhao Xian | Gongzong | Gongdi
	1276 - 1278	Zhao Shi | Duanzong
	1279 - 1279	Zhao Bing | Bing Di
Yuan Dynasty 1279 - 1368
Yuan Dynasty 1279 - 1368	1279 - 1294	Khubilai Khan | Shizu
	1294 - 1307	Temur Oljeitu | Chengzong
	1308 - 1311	Khaishan | Wuzong
	1311 - 1320	Ayurbarwada | Ayurbadrabal | Renzong
	1321 - 1323	Shidebala | Shoodbal | Yingzong
	1323 - 1328	Yesun Temur | Yesuntemur | Taiding |Taidingdi
	1328 - 1329	Tugh Temur | Asugbal | Wenzong Tianshundi
	1329 - 1329	Tugh Khoshila | Hooshal | Mingzong
	1329 - 1332	Tugh Temur | Tugtemur | Wenzong
	1333 - 1368	Toghon Temur | Togontemur | Shundi
Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644
Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644	1368 - 1398	Zhu Yuanzhang | Zhu Yuanzhong | Hongwu | Taizu
	1399 -1402	Zhu Yunwen | Jianwen | Huidi
	1403 - 1424	Zhu Di | Yongle | Chengzu
	1424 - 1425	Zhu Gaozhi | Hongxi | Renzong
	1426 - 1435	Zhu Zhanji | Xuande | Xuanzong
	1436 - 1449	Zhu Qizhen | Zhengtong | Tianshun | Yingzong
	1450 - 1457	Zhu Qiyu | Jingtai | Jengdi
	1457 - 1464	Zhu Qizhen | Zhengtong | Tianshun | Yingzong
	1465 - 1487	Zhu Jianshen | Zhu Jianji | Zhu Jianru | Chenghua | Xianzong
	1488 - 1505	Zhu Yutang | Hongzhi | Xiaozong
	1506 - 1521	Zhu Houzhao | Zhengde | Wuzong
	1522 - 1567	Zhu Houcong | Zhu Houzong | Jiahing | Shizong
	1567 - 1572	Zhu Zaihou | Longqing | Muzong
	1573 - 1620	Zhu Yizhun | Zhu Yijun | Wanli | Shenzong
	1620 - 1620	Zhu Changle | Zhu Changluo | Taichang | Guangzong
	1621 - 1627	Zhu Yujiao | Tianqi | Xizong
	1628 - 1644	Zhu Yujian | Chongzhen | Zhongzhen | Sizong
Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911
Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911	1644 - 1661	Fulin | Shunzhi | Shizu
	1661 - 1722	Xuan Ye | Xuanye | Kangxi | Shengzu
	1723 - 1735	Yinchen | Yinzhen | Yongzheng | Shizong
	1736 - 1795	Hongli | Qianlong | Gaozong
	1796 - 1820	Yongyan | Jiajing | Renzong
	1821 - 1850	Min Ning | Minning | Daoguang | Xuanzong
	1851 - 1861	Yichu | Yizhu | Xianfeng | Wenzong
	1862 - 1874	Zaichun | Tongzhi | Muzong
	1875 - 1908	Zai Tian | Zaitian | Guangxu | Dezong
	1909 - 1911	Aisin Gioro Puyi | Henry Puyi | Xuandi | Xuantong | Xuanzong