Nazi Concentration Camps 1933-1945

The information in this timeline is from the book Inside the Vicious Heart written by Robert H. Abzug.

1933

American newspapers and magazines reported the existence of concentration camps in early 1933, when Dachau first slammed its gate shut on a group of Communists and other political enemies of the Nazis. The camps had gained reputations for harsh and sadistic treatment of prisoners.

1937

Buchenwald was built by the Nazis as a camp for political prisoners like German Communists and Social Democrats. Between 1937-8, Jews were added as Germany's anti-Semitic campaign was set in motion. With a population of 15,000 prisoners, the camp was one of slave labor, with German Communists at the top.

August 18, 1940

Hans Frank, Nazi governor of occupied Poland, announces plans to make Cracow free of Jews, declaring, "the Jews must vanish from the face of the earth."

1941

In Alsace, France, up a winding road from the village of Natzwiller, the Nazis built a labor camp, Natzwiller-Struthof, whose inmates originally were German, and whose duties were to supply labor for building V-2 factories in man-made caves dug out of the Harz Mountains. The prisoners would live in the cold, damp tunnels as they built them.

1943

Natzwiller-Struthof was expanded by the Nazis with the installation of a gas chamber and improved crematory for the killing of Jews, Gypsies, and captured Resistance fighters from Holland, Belgium, and France. Under Paragraph 175 of the German legal code, male homosexuality was punished by imprisonment, but not female lesbianism. After 1943, male homosexuals were forced to wear a pink trangle and were sent to the death camps. The Americans did not repeal Paragraph 175 and sent homosexual inmates liberated from the camps to other prisons.

July 1944

Red Army soldiers discovered the abandoned Majdanek extermination camp near Lublin, in Poland.

September 1944

American reporters visited Lublin, Poland, and stories with pictures of a warehouse bursting with 800,000 shoes that had once belonged to Nazi victims were widely published.

On This Date

Natzwiller was evacuated by the SS as Allied troops approached.

November 1944

The French Army found Natzwiller, the first major Nazi concentration camp to be uncovered in the West.

December 5, 1944

The New York Times's Milton Bracker toured the abandoned site of the Natzwiller concentration camp, explaining, "It might have been a Civilian Conservation Corps camp, from the winding road to the bald hilltop, the sturdy green barrack buildings looked exactly like those that housed forestry trainees in the United States during the early New Deal."

Members of the Free French showed Bracker a small dark room with almost fifty S-shaped hooks suspended from metal rods on the ceiling. Prisoners hung from the hooks by their bound wrists before Zyklon-B gas was pumped into the room to kill them. A dissection room, with an autopsy table , and a small storage room crammed with burial urns was also discovered. Reportedly 16,000 persons had come as prisoners to Natzwiller between late 1941 and the evacuation in the summer of 1944, 4,000 perished.

December 9, 1944

Americans Colonel Paul Kirk and Lt. Colonel Edward j. Gully of the American Sixth Army Group arrived to inspect Natzwiller. They duly reported their findings: a disinfestation unit, a large pile of human hair, a gas chamber, an incinerator room with equipment intended for the burning of human bodies, a cell room and an autopsy room.

After their first-hand look and detailed report to war crimes investigators, they retained a certain measure of disbelief, or "double vision" as Bracker described it. The correlation between the remains of Natzwiller and millions dead could not be grasped even on personal inspection.

This "double vision" is as much a story as the discovery of the camp itself. "Double vision" was typical of many American officers in France, who infuriated local populations by doubting and sometimes even scoffing at stories of German inhumanity.

"Double vision" - in WWI false propaganda about German atrocities was widely reported. Many remembered this and thought perhaps the reports coming from Europe to the United States were false too. However, Bracker attributes the disbelief to simply the inability to conceive the magnitude and detail of the horror.

April 5, 1945

In search of secret Nazi communications along the Autobahn, units of the American Fourth Armored Division of the Third Army moved on Gotha and Ohrdruf, discovering the first of the camps containing prisoners and corpses to be uncovered by American armies. 10,000 men had lived and slaved at Ohrdruf. Near the end, the SS had marched the prisoners to other camps, known as death marches, or killed them.

Ohrdruf was a minor sub-camp of Buchenwald, and on the edge of the camp was a gigantic pit, where the Nazi's had stacked bodies and wood and burned them.

Ohrdruf had actually been discovered by accident. After the Americans had taken the town where part of the communications center was located, reconnoitering troops found the main gate to the camp just over the crest of a small hill. Corpses in striped uniforms were found right inside the gate. Some found were alive, others long since dead. One man greeted the first American soldiers, as he gave them a tour, a Polish prisoner came up to him, and in full sight of the Americans, hit him with a piece of lumber and stabbed him to death. The dead man had been a guard parading as a prisoner.

Ohrdruf from Patch-NA

Ohrdruf is significant as the first camp that contained both the starved, frail bodies of hundreds and the prisoners who had managed to survive. The revelation of the horror, the mutually exclusive desires to remember and to forget, would serve to mark the loss of innocence of the entire world.

April 11, 1945

North of Ohrdruf, near the town of Nordhausen, the American Timberwolf Division came upon 3,000 corpses and more than seven hundred barely surviving inmates. Both living and dead lay in two double-decker barracks, piled three to a bunk. The rooms reeked of death and excrement. Victims of starvation and tuberculosis, the prisoners had also suffered from American bombing of the V-2 factories just one week before.

Fred Bohm, an Austrian-born American soldier who helped liberate Nordhausen described that his fellow American G.I.'s "had no particular feeling for fighting the Germans. They also thought that any stories they had read in the paper, or that I had told them out of first- hand experience, were either not true or at least exaggerated. And it did not sink in, what this was all about, until we got into Nordhausen."

History of The Holocaust (The Holocaust Museum)

The disbelief of Americans in general, and American soldiers specifically, exemplifies the "double vision" of the human psyche, when one man is forced to face the evidence of torture inflicted on another, only to realize his own helplessness, consequently he represses all emotion, all senses, he becomes numb.

On this date

American Combat Team 9 of the 9th Armored Infantry Battalion, Sixth Armored Division, captured the town of Hottelstedt. 50 Russian prisoners emerged from the woods and said they were from Buchenwald just to the southeast. Buchenwald had 30,000 prisoners in a pyramid of power, with German Communists at the top and living in the main barracks, and Jews and Gypsies at the bottom, living on the outskirts, in Little Camp, as assortment of barns. Buchenwald barrack prisoners were reasonably healthy-looking and ready to assist in administering food.

Jewish Buchenwald prisoners would be liberated and eventually sent to Palestine, from Patch-NA

Little Camp was a nightmare with 1,000 to 1,200 prisoners in a space meant for 450. In Germany in Defeat, Percy Knauth described Little Camp's prisoners as, "emaciated beyond all imagination or description. Their legs and arms were sticks with huge bulging joints, and their loins were fouled by their own excrement. Their eyes were sunk so deep that they looked blind. If they moved at all, it was with a crawling slowness that made them look like huge, lethargic spiders. Many just lay in their bunks as if dead."

The smell of Little Camp, the smell emanating from discarded, decaying flesh, burning bodies, and an open concrete ditch that serviced as the latrine, was indescribable. Even after liberation, twenty prisoners in each Little Camp block died a day. They were gnomes, sticklike figures with sunken eyes who would hobble forward to cry and yell at the sight of their liberators.

April 12, 1945

Generals George Patton, Omar Bradley,and Dwight Eisenhower arrived in Ohrdruf. They saw more than 3,200 naked, emaciated bodies that had been flung into shallow graves. Eisenhower insisted on seeing the entire camp: a shed piled to the ceiling with bodies, various torture devices, and a butcher's block used for smashing gold fillings from the mouths of the dead. Patton became physically ill behind the barracks.

Eisenhower from Patch-NA

Eisenhower felt that it was necessary for his troops to see for themselves, and the world to know about the conditions at Ohrdruf. The day ended with news that Roosevelt had died.

Many American soldiers did not know what they were fighting for. Eisenhower realized that it was imperative for the soldiers to at least understand what they were fighting against. He wanted the world to know of the conditions at Ohrdruf. His message to Washington read:

"We are constantly finding German camps in which they have placed political prisoners where unspeakable conditions exist. From my own personal observation, I can state unequivocally that all written statements up to now do not paint the full horrors."

 

 

Concentration Camp Listing

The camps are classified by countries, based on the 1939-1945 borders. When known, the name of each sub-camp or external kommando is followed by the name of the company which used inmates as slave. A star means that the inmates of the camp were women.

This list is far from complete. It is estimated that the Nazi established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries. There were several small camps which were created for limited in time operations against local population. Most of these camps were destroyed by the Nazis themselves, sometimes after two or three months of activity. This list does not contain the names of the ghettos created by the Nazis, even if several ghettos (i.e. Theresienstadt ghetto) had their own external kommandos (work team).

This list is based on information found in two books:
- The first one is "Le livre des Camps" by Ludo Van Eck, published in 1979, editions Kritak (Belgium. As far as I know, this book has never been published again or translated in English but it is still possible to purchase it at the museum of Breendonck, Belgium),
- The second one is the excellent Atlas Of The Holocaustby Martin Gilbert.

Thanks so much to Mark Vardasz and Andreas Baumgartner for their very precious help in completing this list.

Introduction
by Chuck Ferree (Holocaust Witness and Liberator)

  • Germany:
    • Bergen-Belsen (probably 2 subcamps but location is unknown)
    • Börgermoor (no sub-camp known)
    • Buchenwald ( 174 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Dachau (123 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Dieburg (no sub-camp known)
    • Esterwegen (1 sub-camp)
    • Flossenburg (94 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Gundelsheim (no sub-camp known)
    • Neuengamme (96 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Papenburg (no sub-camp known)
    • Ravensbruck (31 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Sachsenhausen (44 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Sachsenburg (no sub-camp known)
  • Austria:
  • Belgium:
  • Czechoslovakia:
  • Estonia:
    • Vivara
  • Finland:
    • Kangasjarvi
    • Koveri
  • France:
    • Argeles
    • Aurigny
    • Brens
    • Drancy
    • Gurs
    • Les Milles
    • Le Vernet
    • Natzweiler-Struthof (70 camps satellites et kommandos)
    • Noé
    • Récébédou
    • Rieucros
    • Rivesaltes
    • Suresnes
    • Thill
      • for these camps, no sub-camp known

Work camps created by the Government of Vichy in Maroco and Algeria. Thousands of jews were sent to these camps by the French pro-nazi government of Petain:

    • Abadla
    • Ain el Ourak
    • Bechar
    • Berguent
    • Bogari
    • Bouarfa
    • Djelfa
    • Kenadsa
    • Meridja
    • Missour
    • Tendrara
  • Holland:
    • Amersfoort
    • Ommen
    • Vught
      • Arnhem
      • Breda
      • Eindhoven
      • Gilze-Rijen
      • 's Gravenhage (The Hague)
      • Haaren par Tilburg
      • Leeuwarden
      • Moerdijk
      • Rozendaal
      • Sint Michielsgestel
      • Valkenburg par Leiden
      • Venlo (Luftwaffe airfield)
    • Westerbork (transit camp)
  • Italy:
    • Bolzano
    • Fossoli
    • Risiera di San Sabba (no sub-camp known)
  • Latvia:
    • Riga
    • Riga-Kaiserwald
    • Dundaga
    • Eleje-Meitenes
    • Jungfernhof
    • Lenta
    • Spilwe
  • Lithuania:
    • Kaunas
    • Aleksotaskowno
    • Palemonas
    • Pravieniskès
    • Volary
  • Norway:
    • Baerum
    • Berg
    • Bredtvet
    • Falstadt
    • Tromsdalen
    • Ulven
  • Poland:
    • Auschwitz-Birkenau - Oswiecim-Brzezinka (extermination camp - 51 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Belzec (extermination camp - 1 subcamp)
    • Bierznow
    • Biesiadka
    • Dzierzazna & Litzmannstadt (These two camps were "Jugenverwahrlage", children camps. Hundreds of children and teenagers considered as not good enough to be "Germanized" were transfered to these places - see our article about the The “Lebensborn ” — and later sent to the extermination canters)
    • Gross-Rosen - Rogoznica (77 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Huta-Komarowska
    • Janowska
    • Krakow
    • Kulmhof - Chelmno (extermination camp - no sub-camp known)
    • Lublin (prison - no subcamp known)
    • Lwow (Lemberg)
      • Czwartaki
      • Lemberg
    • Maidanek (extermination camp - 3 subcamps)
    • Mielec
    • Pawiak (prison - no subcamp known)
    • Plaszow (work camp but became later subcamp of Maidanek)
    • Poniatowa
    • Pustkow (work camp - no subcamp known)
    • Radogosz (prison - no subcamp known)
    • Radom
    • Schmolz
    • Schokken
    • Sobibor (extermination camp - no subcamp known)
    • Stutthof - Sztutowo (40 subcamps and external kommandos)
    • Treblinka (extermination camp - no subcamp known)
    • Wieliczka
    • Zabiwoko (work camp - no subcamp known)
    • Zakopane
  • Russia: (The real number of concentration and extermination camps established in occupied Soviet Union by the Nazies is unknown. The following list contains the name of the major camps. Some of these camps were under Romanian control; e.g. Akmétchetka or Bogdanovka where 54,000 were executed between December 21th and December 31th, 1941)
    • Akmétchetka
    • Balanowka
    • Bar
    • Bisjumujsje
    • Bogdanovka
    • "Citadelle" (The real name of this camp is unknown. The camp was located near Lvov. Thousands of Russians POW were killed in this camp)
    • Czwartaki
    • Daugavpils
    • Domanievka
    • Edineti
    • Kielbasin (or Kelbassino)
    • Khorol
    • Klooga
    • Lemberg
    • Mezjapark
    • Ponary
    • Rawa-Russkaja
    • Salapils
    • Strazdumujsje
    • Yanowski
    • Vertugen
      (for all these camps, no subcamp known).
  • Yugoslavia:
    • Banjica
    • Brocice
    • Chabatz
    • Danica
    • Dakovo
    • Gornja reka
    • Gradiska
    • Jadovno
    • Jasenovac
    • Jastrebarsko
    • Kragujevac
    • Krapje
    • Kruscica
    • Lepoglava
    • Loborgrad
    • Sajmite
    • Sisak
    • Slano
    • Slavonska-Pozega
    • Stara-Gradiska
    • Tasmajdan
    • Zemun
      • (for all these camps, no subcamp known).

Introduction

by Chuck Ferree (Holocaust Witness and Liberator)

The Holocaust catastrophe during the years 1933 to 1945 was a massive occurrence. It began in Germany and ultimately engulfed an area encompassing most of the European continent. It was also an event that was experienced by a variety of perpetrators, a multitude of victims and a host of bystanders. These three groups were distinct from one another, and they did not dissolve in their lifetime. Each saw what happened from it's own, special perspective, and each harbored a separate set of attitudes and reactions.

The first and foremost perpetrator was Adolf Hitler himself. He was the supreme architect of the operation; without him it would have been inconceivable

Unlike the perpetrators, the victims were perpetually exposed. They were identifiable and countable at every turn. Jews and non-Jews alike, the victims as a whole, however, have remained an amorphous mass. Millions of them suffered a common fate in front of pre-dug mass graves or in hermetically sealed gas chambers.

Although the Holocaust is perceived by many to record the suffering of people of the Jewish Faith, no records on any aspect of the Second World War can fail to record that in addition to the six million Jewish men, women and children who were murdered at least an equal number of non-Jews was also killed, not in the heat of battle, not by military siege, aerial bombardment or the harsh conditions of modern war, but by deliberate, planned murder.

The Nazi plan displaced millions of families from all over Europe. Through their massive concentration camp system, with well over one thousand camps of various sizes, all designed to imprison innocent humans, considered sub-human by Nazi standards. Every human right was replaced by Nazi laws, rules and arbitrary decisions. Almost every major German city had at least a slave labor camp nearby. The inmates of these camps were forced under the pain of death to work for the German war effort, with no pay, inadequate food and other necessities to survive. Death camps, constructed for the sole purpose of mass executions by means of poison gas, shootings, starvation, disease, and torture were used by the Nazis to exterminate those fellow humans, men, women children and infants, by design.

There are those among us, who say the Holocaust didn't happen at all. Or maybe a few people were killed, but not millions. Historical facts have proven time and time again, that Nazi Germany, planned and implemented their plan to rid Europe of those whom they considered sub-human. Accurate numbers for exactly how many humans died as a result of the Nazi plans are simply not available and never will be. Research by some of the worlds most able historians place the number of Holocaust victims murdered by government policy to be not less than twelve million and probably more.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany

  • Buchenwald/Dora-Mittelbau

Note: Dora-Mittelbau was the cover name of the subcamp situated at Salza/Thuringe. When Dora became an independent camp in 1943, it had its own subcamp at Ellrich. Ellrich was known as one of the worst external kommando.

    • Abterode (BMW Eisenach)
    • Adorf
    • Allendorf (Gmbh zur Verwertung chem. Erzeugnisse)
    • Altenburg (HASAG)
    • Annaburg (Siebel-Flugzeugwerke)
    • Arnstadt (Poltewerke - aircraft engines)
    • Artern
    • Arolsen (SS officer school)
    • Ascherleben (Junker)
    • Baalberg
    • Bad Berja
    • Bad Handersheim (Bruns Apparatebau Gmbh)
    • Bad Godesberg
    • Bad Salzungen
    • Ballenstadt
    • Baubrigade I-X
    • Bensberg (Napola Bensberg)
    • Berga am Elster
    • Berlstedt (Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke Dest)
    • Bernburg (Schacht Plömnitz-Solvay)
    • Billroda (Schacht Burggraf Billroda)
    • Birkhan-motzlich
    • Bischofferode
    • Blankenburg (Organisation Todt)
    • Blankenheim (sand)
    • Bleicherode
    • Bochum (Eisen- und Huttenwerke AG)
    • Bochum (Guszstahl Fabrikat. AG)
    • Bodtenberg
    • Böhlen (Brabag Braunkohlen- Benzin AG)
    • Braunschweig (SS-Junkerschule)
    • Buttelstedt (Fa. Schlosser)
    • Clus
    • Colditz (Hasag)
    • Crawinkel
    • Coblence- "rebstock"
    • Cologne (for the mayor)
    • Cologne (Wagonfab. Köln-Deutz)
    • Cologne (Messegelände)
    • Dernau (Fa. Gollnow Sohn)
    • Dessau (Junker)
    • Dessau (Dessauer Waggonfabrik)
    • Dornburg
    • Dortmund (Dortmund - Hoerder - Hutten - Verein AG)
    • Duderstadt (Polte-Werke)
    • Dusseldorf (Rheinmatall-Borsig AG - 2 kommandos)
    • Dusseldorf (déminage)
    • Dusseldorf (Dess)
    • Eisenach (BMW)
    • Elsnig (Wasag - Westfälisch- Anhaltische Sprengstoff AG)
    • Ellrich
    • Eschenhausen (SS-kommando Hecht)
    • Escherhausen
    • Essen (Krupp)
    • Essen (Dest)
    • Floeszberg (Hasag)
    • Freitheit-Osterode
    • Gandersheim
    • Gelsenkirchen (Gelsenberg Benzin AG)
    • Giessen (Sanität-Ersatz und Ausbildungabteilung)
    • Gleina-"willy"
    • Goettingen (SS cavalry school)
    • Goslar
    • Grasleben-"gazelle"
    • Grosswerther
    • Gunzerode
    • Hadmersleben
    • Halberstadt
    • Halberstadt-zwieberge
    • Hardehausen
    • Hasserode (Mech. Ind. Wernigwerke)
    • Harzungen (Wirtschaftsforschungs- geselschaft WIFI)
    • Herzberg/Elster (Hasag)
    • Hessich-Lichtenau (Munition factory)
    • Hinzert (Special SS camp with 23 kommandos)
    • Hohlstedt
    • Holzen
    • Ilfeld
    • Ilsenburg
    • Jena
    • Kassel
    • Kelbra
    • Klein bodungen
    • Klein bischofferode
    • Klein niedergerba
    • Kleinnoshersleben "ago"
    • Köln fordwerke
    • Köln hansestadt
    • Köln westwagen
    • Kranichfeld (2 kommandos)
    • Langensalsa (Junker)
    • Langenstein (2 kommandos, 1 for the "Organisation Todt")
    • Lauenberg "Laura"
    • Lehensten "Laura"
    • Leimbach
    • Leipzig (Hasag)
    • Leipzig Lindenthal
    • Leipzig Markkleeberg
    • Leipzig Sconau
    • Leopoldshall (Junker)
    • Lippstadt (Eisen- und Metallwerke AG)
    • Lohausen (déminage)
    • Luetzkendorf (Wintershall AG)
    • Magdeburg (Braunkohlen und Benzin Brabag)
    • Magdeburg (Polte-Werke)
    • Markkleeberg (Junker)
    • Merseburg
    • Meuselwitz (Hasag)
    • Muhlhausen "Martha"
    • Neustadt (kabel- und Leitungswerke AG)
    • Niederorshel (Langenwerke AG)
    • Niedersachswerfen (Ammoniakwerke GmbH)
    • Nordhausen (Schidt)
    • Nordhausen (Fliegerhorst-Komandantur)
    • Nordhausen (Mittelbau II of B II Mittelwerke GmbH)


April 12th, 1945: The Liberation of Nordhausen

  • Nuxei
  • Oberndorf (L. Muna aircraft munitions)
  • Ohrdruf (railroad construction)
  • Oschersleben "Ago"
  • Osterode (Mech. Ind. fa C Heder)
  • Osterhagen
  • * Penig (Gehrt)
  • Plomnitz
  • Quedlinburg (Fleigerhorst)
  • Quedlindburg (Fa Heerbrandt)
  • Raguhn
  • Rehmsdorf "Willy"
  • Roemhild
  • Rossla
  • Rothenburg (Fa Mansfeld AG)
  • Rottleberode (Thyrawerke)
  • Saalfeld Oertelsbruch
  • Salza-Thuringe (production of V flying bombs - see note)
  • Sangerhausen
  • Schlieben (Hasag)
  • Schoenau (ATG Maschinebau GmbH)
  • Schönbeck (Hasag)
  • Schwalbe V
  • Schwerte
  • Sennelager (Panzerausbildungsregiment)
  • Soemerda (Fa Rheinmetall)
  • Sollstedt
  • Sonneberg (Tandradbedrijf C.G. Rheinhardt)
  • Stassfurt (construction of an underground factory for C.G. Rheinhardt)
  • Stutzpunkt Sauerland 1
  • Suhl
  • Tannenwald
  • Tanndora (Paper factory)
  • Taucha (Hasag)
  • Thekla (Erla-Werke)
  • Tonndorf (bauleitung Waffen SS)
  • Torgau (munitions)
  • Trautenstein
  • Troeglits (Brabag)
  • Unna
  • Walkenried-Wolfleben (Constructions)
  • Wansleben (Fa C. Mansfeld)
  • Wansleben "Wilhelm"
  • Wansleben "Biber II"
  • Werferlingen (Constructions)
  • Weimar-Fischtenhain
  • Weimar (Rautalwerke GmbH)
  • Wernigerode (Junker)
  • Westeregeln
  • Wewelsburg (Guszstahlwerke)
  • Wickerode
  • Wieda
  • Witten-Annen (Ig. Farbenindustrie)
  • Woebbelin


Liberation of Woebbelin concentration camp

  • Wolfen
  • Wuppertal
  • Zeitz "Willy"
  • Zella Mehlis
  • Zorbig
  • Dachau
    • Allach (Org. Todt)
    • Allach/Karsfeld/Moosach (org. Todt)
    • Allach-Rothwaige (Org. Todt)
    • Allersdorf-Liebhof
    • Ampersmoching
    • Asbach-Baumenheim (Messerschmitt)
    • Aibing (NEU)
    • Aufkrich-Kaufbeuren (Dornier)
    • Augustenfeld-Pollnhof
    • Augsburg (Messerschmitt)
    • * Augsburg-Haunstetten
    • Augsburg-Pfersee (Messerschmitt)
    • Bad Ischl
    • Bad Ischl Saint Wolfgang
    • Bad Tolz
    • Baubrigade XIII
    • Bayernsoien
    • Bayrishezell
    • Bichl
    • Birgsau-Oberstdorf
    • Blainach (BMW)
    • Brunigsau
    • Burgau (Messerchmitt)
    • Burghausen
    • Burgkirchen
    • Donauworth
    • Durach-Kottern (Messerschmitt)
    • Eching (Org. Todt)
    • Ellwagen
    • Emmerting-Gendorf
    • Eschelbach
    • Feistenau
    • Feldafing
    • Fischbachau
    • Fischen (Messerschmitt)
    • Fischhorn/Bruck
    • Freising
    • * Friedolfing
    • Friedrischaffen
    • Fulpmes
    • * Fussen-Plansee
    • Gablingen (Messerschmitt)
    • Garmisch-Partenkirchen
    • Germering-Neuaubing
    • Gmund
    • Grimolsried-Mitteneuf-Nach (Org. Todt)
    • Halfing
    • Hallein
    • * Hausham-Vordereckard
    • Heidenhaim
    • Heppenhaim
    • Horgau-Pfersee (Messerschmitt)
    • Ingoldstadt
    • Innsbruck
    • * Itter
    • Karlsfeld (Org. Todt)
    • Kaufbeuren (BMW)
    • Kaufering (Org Todt/Messerschmitt/Dornier)
    • Kaufering Erpfting
      • Hurlach
      • Landsberg
      • Lechfeld
      • Mittel-Neufnach
      • Riederloh
      • Schwabbeg
      • Schwabmunchen
      • Turkenfald
      • Turkheim
      • Utting
    • Kempten-Kotern
    • Konigsee
    • Krucklhalm
    • Landshut-Bayern (Org. Todt)
    • Lauingen (Messerschmitt)
    • Liebhof
    • Lind
    • Lochau
    • Lochhausen (BMW)
    • Lohof
    • Markt Schwabben
    • Moosach (Org. Todt/BMW/Messerschmitt)
    • Moschendorf-Hof
    • Muldorf (Org. Todt)
    • Muldorf Ampfing-Waldlager V et VI
      • Mettenheim
      • Obertaufkirchen
    • Munchen
    • Munchen Friedman
    • Munchen Riem (Org. Todt)
    • Munchen Schwabing
    • Munchen Sendling
    • Neuburg Donau
    • Neufahrn
    • Neustift
    • Nuremberg
    • Oberdorf
    • Oberfohring
    • Ottobrunn
    • Oetztal
    • Passau
    • Puchheim
    • Radolfzell
    • Rohrdorf-Thansau
    • Rosenheim
    • Rothschwaige-Augustenfeld (Org. Todt)
    • St. Gilden/Wolgansee
    • St. Lambrecht
    • Salzburg
    • Salzweg
    • Sandhoffen
    • Saulgau
    • Schlachters-Sigmarszell
    • Schleissheim
    • Seehausen-Uffing
    • Spitzingsee
    • Steinhoring
    • Stephanskirchen (BMW)
    • Strobl
    • Sudelfeld
    • Traustein
    • Trotsberg (BMW)
    • Trutskirch-Tutzing (Dornier)
    • Uerberlingen
    • Ulm
    • * Unterschleissheim
    • Valepp
    • Vulpmes
    • Weidach
    • Weilheim
    • Weissensee
    • Wicking
    • Wolfratshausen
    • Wolfratshausen Gelting
    • Wurach-Wolhof
    • Zangberg
  • Esterwegen [Note: In 1941, this camp became dependent from Neuengamme.]
    • Frieoythe/Kloppenburg
  • Flossenburg
    • Altenhammer
    • Annaberg
    • Ansbach
    • Aue (Sachsen)
    • Bayreuth
    • Beneschau
    • Bozicany
    • Brüx
    • Chemnitz
    • Dresden
    • Eisenberg
    • Erbendorf
    • Falkenau
    • Flöha
    • Forrenbach
    • Freiberg
    • Ganacker
    • Giebelstadt
    • Grafenreuth
    • Graslitz
    • Gröditz
    • Gundelsdorf
    • Hainichen
    • Happurg
    • Heidenau
    • Helmbrechts
    • Hersbruck
    • Hertine
    • Hof
    • Hohenstein-Ernstthal
    • Holleischen
    • Holyson
    • Hradischko
    • Hubmersberg-Hohenstadt
    • Janowitz
    • Jezeri
    • Johanngeorgenstadt
    • Jungfern-Breschan
    • Kaaden-Kadan
    • Kamenicky-Senow
    • Kirchham
    • Knellendorf
    • Koningstein
    • Krondorf
    • Leitmeritz
    • Lengenfeld
    • Lobositz
    • Mehltheuer
    • Meissen
    • Mittweida
    • Moickethal-Zatschke
    • Moschendorf
    • Mülsen- St. Michel
    • Munchberg
    • Neu Rohlau
    • Nossen
    • Nuremberg
    • Obertraubling
    • Oederan
    • Olbramowitz
    • Pilsen
    • Plattling
    • Plauen
    • Pocking
    • Porschdorf
    • Poschetzau
    • Pottenstein
    • Praha
    • Rathen
    • Rathmanndorf
    • Rabstein
    • Regensburg
    • Reuth
    • Rochlitz
    • Saal/Donau
    • Schlackenwerth
    • Schönheide
    • Seifhennersdorf
    • Siegmar-Schönau
    • Stein-Schönau
    • St. Georgenthal
    • St. Oetzen
    • Stulln
    • Theresienstadt
    • Venusberg
    • Wilischthal
    • Witten-Annen
    • Wolkenburg
    • Würzburg
    • Zatschke
    • Zschachwitz
    • Zschopau
    • Zwickau
    • Zwodau
  • Neuengamme
    • Ahlem-Hannover
    • Altgarga
    • Altegarde-Elbe
    • Aumund
    • Aurich-Engerhafe
    • Bad Sassendorf
    • Barkhausen
    • Barskamp
    • Baubrigade I, II, V et XI
    • Beendorf-Helmstedt
    • Bergstedt
    • Blummenthal
    • Boizenburg
    • Braunschweig (plusieurs kommandos)
    • Bremme-Farbe
    • Bremme- Osterort-Reisport
    • Bremme-Schutzenhof
    • Bremme- Vegesack-aumund
    • Bremme-weser
    • Brink-hannover
    • Brunswick-Busing
    • Dalum
    • Dreutte
    • Engerhafe
    • Fallersleben-Laagberg
    • Farge
    • Fidelstedt
    • Finkenwerder
    • Fludwigslust
    • Fulsbuttel
    • Geilenberg
    • Glassau-bei-Sarau
    • Goslar
    • Gross-Fullen
    • Gross- Hesepe
    • Hamburg (plusieurs kommandos)
    • Hausberge-Porta
    • Helmstadt
    • Hidelsheim
    • Horneburg
    • Howachts-Lütjenburg
    • Kaltenkirch-Heinkaten
    • Kiel
    • Ladelund
    • Langenhagen-Hannover
    • Langenhorn-Hamburg
    • Laasberg
    • Ladelung
    • Lengerich
    • Lerbeck
    • Limmer-Hannover
    • Linden (Mülhenberg-Hannover)
    • Lübberstadt
    • Lujtenberg
    • Meppen
    • Minden
    • Misburg-Hannover
    • Mölln
    • Neesen
    • Neugraben
    • Neuhof
    • Neuland-Bremen
    • Neunkirchen
    • Neustadt
    • Nutzen
    • Ohldorf
    • Osnabruck
    • Osterort (Bremen-Riespot)
    • Poppenbüttel-Sasen
    • Porta-Westfalica - note: 2 kommandos
    • Salzwedel
    • Sandbostel
    • Sasel
    • Salzgitter
    • Schandelah
    • Schützenhof-Bremen
    • Schwessing-Husum
    • Sollstadt
    • Spaldingstrasse
    • Steinwerder
    • Stöcken-Hannover
    • Stuklenwert
    • Tiefstak
    • Uelzen
    • Veleen
    • Veerssen - note: 2 kommandos
    • Vegesack-Aumun - Bremen
    • Verden-Aller
    • Wandsbeck
    • Watenstedt-Drütte-Salzgitter
    • Wedel
    • Wilhemsburg-Hamburg
    • Wilhemshaven
    • Wittenberge
    • Wolfsburg
    • Wöbbelin-Ludwigslust
  • Ravensbruck
    • Abteroda
    • Ansbach
    • Barth/Ostee (Heinkel)
    • Belzig
    • Berlin-Oberschöneweide
    • Berlin-Schönefeld (Heikel)
    • Borkheid
    • Bruckentin
    • Comthurey
    • Dabelow
    • Eberswalde
    • Feldberg
    • Fürstenberg (Siemens)
    • Hennigsdorf
    • Herzebrück
    • Hohenlychen
    • Karlshagen
    • Klutzow-Stargard
    • Köningsberg-Neumark
    • Malchow
    • Neubrandenburg (Siemens)
    • Neustadt/Glene
    • Peenemünde
    • Prenzlau
    • Rechlin
    • Retzow
    • Rostock-Marienhe (Heinkel)
    • Stargard
    • Steinhoring
    • Schwarzenforst
    • Uckermark
    • Velten
  • Sachsenhausen (click here for more information about this camp)
    • Bad Saarow
    • Baubrigade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI et XII
    • Beerfelde
    • Berga
    • Berlin
      • Babelsberg
      • Falkensee
      • Helensee (Demag)
      • Hennigsdorf (AEG)
      • Koepenig
      • Lichterfelde
      • Lichtenrade
      • Reinickendorf (Argus)
      • Siemens Stadt
      • Tegel
      • Wilmersdorf
    • Biesenthal
    • Bornicke
    • Brandenburg/havel
    • Dammsmuhle-Schonwalde
    • Debno-Neudamm
    • Doberitz
    • Drogen-Niedorf
    • Falkenhagen-Furstenwalde
    • Falkensee
    • Frieoythe/Kloppenburg
    • Heinkel
    • Genshagen
    • Glau-Trebbin
    • Gross-Rosen
    • Hohenlychen
    • Karlsruhe
    • Klinker
    • Kl. machnow
    • Kolpin
    • Konigswusterhause (Krupp)
    • Küstrin
    • Lieberose
    • Lubben
    • Muggelheim
    • Neubrandenburg (Hamburg)
    • Neustrelitz
    • Oranienburg
    • Politz
    • Prettin
    • Rathenow
    • Ravensbruck (jusqu'en 1939)
    • Riga
    • Senftenberg/Schwarzweide
    • Storkow
    • Stuttgart
    • Treuenbrietzen
    • Werde
    • Wewelsburg
    • Wittenberg (Arado)

Austria

  • Mauthausen (Check the "official" homepage of the Mauthausen Memorial for detailed information as well as the JSOURCE materials.)
    • Aflenz
    • Redl-Zipf (code name Schlier)
    • Amstetten (two camps: one for male and one for female inmates)
    • Bachmanning
    • Bretstein
    • Dippoldsau
    • Ebensee
    • Ebelsberg (subcommando of Linz III)
    • Eisenerz
    • Enns
    • Florisdorf (=Wien-Florisdorf and Wien-Jedlesee)
    • Grein
    • Grossramming
    • Gunskirchen
    • Gusen I, II (St. Georgen), III (Lungitz)
    • (Hartheim) not a subcamp of Mauthausen Mauthausen, but many inmates of Mauthausen and Dachau had been gassed in Hartheim.
    • Hinterbrühl
    • Hirtenberg
    • Klagenfurt
    • Kleinmünchen (subcommando of Linz III)
    • Leibnitz
    • Lind
    • Lenzing
    • Linz I, II, III
    • Loibl- Pass Nord
    • Loibl- Pass Süd (ex-Yugoslavia)
    • Melk
    • Mittersill
    • Passau I - Waldwerke
    • Passau II
    • Peggau
    • St. Agyd
    • St. Lambrecht
    • St. Valentin
    • Steyr
    • Ternberg
    • Vöcklabrück=Wagrain
    • Wels
    • Wien Afa- Werke
    • Wien Saurer-Werke
    • Wien-Schwechat
    • Wien Schönbrunn
    • Wiener Neudorf
    • Wiener Neustadt

Czechoslovakia

  • Theresienstadt
    • Bohusovice
    • Kopisti
    • Litomerice-Radobylberg
    • Litomerice
    • Lovosice (Sputh factory and an oil factory)
    • Nestemice
    • Terezin (Plavy mill)
    • Usti (Schicht factory)
    • Zalhostice
  • Kratzau / Chrastava (subcamp of Gross-Rosen - Rogoznica, Poland)

France

  • Natzweiler-Struthof
    • Asbach
    • Auerbach-Bensheim
    • Baden-Baden
    • Bad-Oppenau
    • Balingen
      • Bisingen
      • Dautmergen
      • Dortmettingen
      • Erzingen
      • Frommern
      • Schomberg
      • Schorzingen
      • Wuste
      • Zepfenhan
    • Bernhausen
    • Bingau
    • Bischofsheim
    • * Calw
    • Cernay
    • Cochem
    • Cochem Treis
    • Colmar
    • Darmstadt
    • Daudenzell
    • Dautmergen
    • Donauwiese
    • Echterdingen
    • Ellwangen
    • Ensingen
    • Fracfort/Main (Adler )
    • Frommern
    • Geisenheim (Krupp)
    • Geislingen
    • Goben
    • Gross-Sachesenheim
    • Guttenbach
    • Hailfingen
    • Haslach
    • Heilbronn
    • Heppenheim
    • Hessenthal
    • Iffezheim
    • Iffezheim - Baden Oos-Sandweiller
    • Kaisheim
    • Kochem
    • Kochemdorf
    • Leonberg
    • Longwy-Thiel: "Very few people ever heard of the Thiel-Longwy concentration camp in north-eastern France, Alsace, close to Luxembourg, and the ex-Maginot line. Four kilometers inside the Chantier de Fer in Thiel was a V2 rocket factory. The camp was four kilometers outside the city, close the ex-German border. Five hundred Hungarian machinists brought in from Auschwitz-Birkenau worked in the factory. The camp was functional between May-October 1944. After 16 kilometers of march, eight hours of work, the prisoners had to carry heavy rocks for about half of a mile, with the only purpose to further deplete their "elan de vivre.' The insufficient calories provided for that amount of work killed many prisoners. From Thiel, in October 1944 the prisoners were in the last minute from Thiel to Kochendorf, Germany. While the train passed above, US Sherman tanks entered the camp below, only a few kilometers away. Atthe same time the US Army also liberated the Strutthoff camp."
      (Thanks to George Liebermann for these informations)
    • Mannheim
    • Metz
    • Mosbach
    • Neckarelz I et II
    • Neckarelz Bad Rappenau
    • Neckargerach
    • Neckargartach-Heilbronn
    • Neckargerach Unterschwarsach
    • Neunkirchen
    • Oberehnheim-Obernai
    • Obrigheim
    • Peltre
    • Plattenwald
    • Rothau
    • Saint-Die
    • Sainte Marie aux Mines
    • Sanhofen (Daimler-Benz)
    • Sandweier
    • Schirmeck
    • Schönberg
    • Schörzingen
    • Schwabisch-Hall
    • Spaichingen
    • Tailfingen
    • Urbes Wesserling
    • Vaihingen-Enz
    • Vainhingen/Unterriechinegn
    • Wasserralfingen
    • Weckrieden
    • Wasserling
    • Zuffenhause (Heinkel)

Poland

Note: the German names of the camps are followed by the actual Polish names.

  • Auschwitz - Birkenau (Oswiecim - Brzezinka)
    • Altdorf / Stara Wies
    • Althammer / Stara Kusnia
    • Babice
    • Bauzug
    • Beruna
    • Bismarckhütte / Chorzow-Battory
    • Blechhammer / Slawiecice
    • Bobrek / Oscwiecim
    • Budy
    • Brunn / Brono
    • Charlottengrubbe / Rydultowy
    • Chelmek / Chelmek-Paprotnik
    • Chorzow
    • Chrzanow
    • Czernica
    • Ernforst
    • Ernfort-Slawecice
    • Eintrachthutte / Swietochlowice
    • Freudenthal / Bruntal
    • Furstengrabe / Lawski
    • Gleiwitz I, II, II, IV / Gliwice
    • Golleschau / Goleszow
    • Gunthergrubbe / ledziny
    • Harmeze
    • Hindenburg / Zabrze
    • Hubertushutte-Hohenlinde / Lagiewniki
    • Janigagrube-Hoffnung / Libiaz
    • Jawichowitz
    • Kobio / Kobior
    • Lagischa / Lagisza
    • Laurahutte / Siemianowice
    • Lepziny-Lawki
    • Lesslau-Wloclawek
    • Libiaz-Maly
    • Lukow
    • Monowitz / Monowice
    • Myslowice
    • Neu Dachs / Jaworzno
    • Neustadt / Prudnik
    • Sosnowitz I et II / Sosnowiec
    • Trezbinia
    • Tscechwitz / Czechwiece
    • Harmeze
    • Plawy
    • Rajsko
    • Rybnik
    • Rydultowy
    • Siemiennowice
    • Wloklawek-lesslan
    • Zasole
    • Zittau
  • Belzec
    • Izbica: Historians consider Izbica a "Holding camp for Belzec. A few hundred Jews from the towns of Furth,Nurnberg and nearby Jewish communities were on March 22, 1942 deported to Izbica. Many died or were murdered in Izbica, many more were shipped to Belzec.
      (Thanks to Willie Glaser for these informations)
  • Gross-Rosen (Rogoznica)
    • Aslau
    • Bad Warmbrunn / Cieplice
    • Bautzen
    • Berndorf / Bernartice
    • Blechhammer
    • Bolkenhain
    • Breslau - Wroclaw
    • Brief / Brzeg
    • Brunnlitz / Bruenec
    • Brusay / Brzezowa
    • Bunzlau / Boleslawiec
    • Bunzlau-Rauscha
    • Christianstadt
    • Dornhau
    • Dyhernfurth
    • Erlenbush
    • Eule
    • Faulbruk
    • Gadersdorf
    • Gassen
    • Cellenau
    • Falkenberg
    • Frierland
    • Fürstenstein
    • Gebhardsdorf
    • Gorlitz
    • Graben
    • Granefort
    • Grulich
    • Grunsberg
    • Gruschwitz / Kruswica
    • Halbstadt / Mezimesti
    • Hartmanndorf
    • Hirschberg / Jelenia Gara
    • Buchwald Höhenwöse
    • Hohenelbe / Wrszlabi
    • Kamenz
    • Kaltwasser
    • Kittlitztrebben / Kotlicki Trebin
    • Kursbach Grunthal
    • Landeshut / Kamienogora
    • Langenblielau / Lielawa
    • Larche Ludwigsdorf
    • Lehmwasser
    • Leszno Lissa
    • Mahrisch
    • Markstadt / Laskowitz
    • Marzbachtal
    • Marzdorf
    • Mittelsteine
    • Neisse-Neusalz Oder / Nova Sol
    • Niesky
    • Niesky Klein
    • Niesky Wittischenau
    • Radisch
    • Oberalsstadt
    • Oberwustegiersdorf
    • Parschnitz / Porici
    • Peterswaldau
    • Prausnitz / Prusnica
    • Rauscha
    • Reichenau / Risznow
    • Reichenau Reichenberg Liberal
    • Reichenau Reichenbach
    • Schmiedenberg
    • Seuferwassergraben
    • Schotterwok
    • Striegau
    • Tannhausen
    • Waldenburg
    • Weiswasser
    • Wolsberg
    • Wustegierdorf / Giercze Puste
    • Wustegierdorf Station
    • Wusteweltersdorf
    • Zittau
  • Maidanek
    • Budzyn
    • Hrubieszow
    • Lublin
  • Stutthof (Sztutowo)
    • Bocion
    • Bromberg
    • Chorabie
    • Cieszyny
    • Danzig-Burggraben / Kokokszki
    • Danzig-Neufahrwasser
    • Danzigerwerf / Gdansk
    • Dzimianen
    • Elbing
    • Elblag (Org. Todt)
    • Elblag (Schinau)
    • Police / Szczecin
    • Gdynia
    • Gerdenau
    • Graudenz
    • Greendorf
    • Grodno
    • Gutowo
    • Gwisdyn
    • Heiligenbeil
    • Jessu
    • Kokoschken
    • Kolkau
    • Krzemieniewo
    • Lauenburg
    • Malken Mierzynek
    • Nawitz
    • Niskie
    • Obrzycko
    • Prault
    • Rosenberg / Brodnica
    • Scherokopas
    • Schiffenbeil
    • Serappen
    • Sophienwalde
    • Slipsk
    • Starorod
    • Pruszcz
    • Brusy
    • Torun (AEG, Org. Todt)

Source: The Forgotten Camps

 

Nazi Medicine

Introduction

Welcome to the Medicine in Nazi Germany Homepage. The medical atrocities committed by the Nazis are one of the most unknown facts about the Holocaust. Why? Many people just can't understand how doctors could have killed thousands upon thousands of human beings. Whereas other pages will focus on the Holocuast in general (the implementation of the final solution), I intend to focus on Nazi medicine as a distinct "program" under the Third Reich.

The important thing to keep in mind while studying this topic is that Nazi medicine did not start in Germany. This type of racial thinking in Germany was world wide in its scope; the only distinction between Germany and other countries is that the former country took action to implement its pseudo-scientific dogma.

Nazi Racial Theory: Foundation and Implications

The Nazis new from the very beginning their plan to eliminate "social undesireables", which included Jews, gypsies, slavs, alcoholics, schizophrenics, the physically disabled, the mentally retarded, and other individuals who were deemed "feeble minded". In particular, the euthanasia program, or T4 program as it was called, centered on individuals with mental illness, alcoholism, schizophrenia, etc. Nazi racial theory posits that "feeble minded" individuals (which I have described) are useless eaters who are using up the resources of Germany. The scientists, academicians, and doctors of Nazi Germany also claim that these individuals, due to their "inherent" limitations are racially inferior. They further argue that to "preserve" the health and future of Aryan blood, it is imperative that these "feeble minded" individuals be eliminated. Aside from the use of elimination, the Nazis preferred more indirect, subtle techniques of communication. Instead of using elimination, (which was used infrequently) Nazi Doctors preferred the use of mercy killing. According ot these individuals, mercy killing of the "feeble minded" would actually free them from their own misery and of the burden which Nazi Germany must endure. Their argument comes down to two basic assumptions: 1) financial burden of the German state, and 2) the threat inferior individuals pose to the racial hygiene of the Aryan race.