The 1920’s
Social Conflicts-
1. rapid technology changes
such as the automobile
2. revolution of morals
3. rapid urbanization with many
immigrants and Afro-Americans inhabiting growing cities brought strong reaction
from white Protestants who felt traditional values were being threatened
4. clash of farmer’s values
with urban workers
Ku
Klux Klan
1. purpose to intimidate
Afro-Americans to keep from rising in social status
2. 1923 population of 5
million…mostly in South and Mid West
3. appealed to lower middle
class men in towns and small cities
4. stood for “100% pure
Americanism” to preserve “native, white, Protestant supremacy”
5. targets were Afro-Americans,
Catholics mostly…also Jewish, Mexicans, Orientals, and foreigners
6. though not a political
party, controlled elections and politicians in 9 states
Immigration
Restrictions
1. because of Red Scare,
immigrants were considered radicals and communist
2. 1.3 million immigrants
poured into US 1919-1921…mostly European Catholics and Jewish, the groups
nativist hated the most
3. 1921 Congress passes
Emergency Quota Act to limit the number of immigrants to 3% of the number of
foreign-born persons from that specific nation (favored
4. by 1922 immigrants were
reduced by 40%
5. 1924 Congress passed
National Origins Act set quotas at 2% and excluded all Orientals
6. by 1927 maximum quota of
150,000 still restricting Italians & Polish
Prohibition
1. 18th Amendment
prohibited manufacturing, selling, consuming, or transporting intoxicating
liquors (Volstead Act of 1919)
2. illegal hard liquor widely
available in “Speakeasies”…underground pubs.
3. Immigrants accustomed to
alcohol usually helped Organized crime (Mafia) to smuggle alcohol
4. Created gangsters such as Al
Capone of Chicago (famous bootlegger) also increased prostitution and gambling
5. By mid 1920’s the Volstead
Act was not strictly enforced
Scopes
Trial
1. Fundamentalist Protestants
(William Jennings Bryan) to prohibit teaching of evolution in public
schools…only Biblical account of creation theory
2. John T. Scopes of
3. Scopes Trial of 1925 created
national attention through radio and newspaper coverage
4. Scopes was convicted and
fined $100…later to be overturned
5. teaching evolution is still
debated today especially in the South
Sacco
and Vanzetti
1. two unidentified gunman
robbed a shoe factory and killed two workers in
2. Nicola Sacco &
Bartolomeo Vanzetti Italian immigrants and admitted anarchists were tried and
convicted of the crime
3. Judge Webster Thayer clearly
favored prosecution
4. they were sentenced to death
and caused much protest in the
Presidents
1. President Harding was
plagued with financial scandal though he was not involved (Teapot Dome Scandal)
appointees of Harding took bribes and mysteriously mishandled millions of
dollars
2. Harding dies of a heart
attack…Calvin Coolidge takes over in 1923
3. Kellogg-Briand Pact was to
outlaw war…outlawed aggression not self defense
4. Herbert Hoover wins election
1928
Stock
Market
1. Dow Jones Industrial Average
1924 = 120, 1929 = 381, 1932 = 41
2. drop caused by selling
stocks 16 times more than worth, investors sold for profit
3. “Black Thursday”
4. “Black Tuesday”
5. loans from banks were called
on people who bought on “margin” of 10%…90% put up by brokers
6. broker’s loans totaled $8.5 billion
in 1929…when stocks fell by more than 10%, the lender sold stock at whatever
price in hopes of recovering some money thus decreased prices even further.
7. banks and businesses
suffered for financing the brokers loans as well to the investors
The 1920’s
Fill in the blanks…you may write on the test. Spelling counts!!! Raise your hand when you are done.
Find something to read quietly until everyone is done.
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1. Rapid technology changes
such as the automobile were because of Henry Ford’s efficient
__________________ so products could be made faster and cheaper.
2. Margaret Sanger caused a
revolution of sexuality when she promoted the idea of ______________. ________________ were totally opposed to
the idea because of religious beliefs.
3. Rapid urbanization with many
immigrants and ________________ inhabiting growing cities brought strong
reaction from white _______________who felt traditional values were being
threatened.
4. The purpose of
the_____________ was to intimidate Afro-Americans to keep from rising in social
status.
5. KKK stood for
“_________________” to preserve “________________________”
6. Targets of the KKK were
Afro-Americans, ______________mostly…also Jewish, Mexicans, Orientals, and
foreigners.
7. Though not a political
party, the KKK controlled elections and politicians in _____states.
8. Because of
the_______________ in the
9. 1921 Congress passed the
___________________ to limit the number of immigrants to 3% of the number of
foreign-born persons from that specific nation (favored
10. By 1922 immigrants were
reduced by _______ %.
11. 1924 Congress passed the
____________________that set quotas at 2% and excluded all Orientals.
12. The ______Amendment
prohibited manufacturing, selling, consuming, or transporting intoxicating
liquors (__________________Act of 1919)
13. Illegal hard liquor was
widely available in “_______________”…underground pubs.
14. Immigrants accustomed to
alcohol usually helped Organized crime such as the Italian _________________ to
smuggle alcohol.
15. Prohibition created
gangsters such as _______________of Chicago (famous bootlegger) also and
increased prostitution and gambling.
16. Fundamentalist Protestant
(_____________________) wanted to prohibit teaching of ________________in
public schools…only the Biblical account of creation theory was to be taught.
17. ________________of
18. ______________was convicted
and fined $______…later to be overturned
19. ________________ and _________________ were two accused gunman who robbed a
shoe factory and killed two workers in
20. Judge ____________________
clearly favored the prosecutors of the trial of the two gunman.
21. President
________________was plagued with financial scandal though he was not involved
(Teapot Dome Scandal) but his appointees took bribes and mysteriously
mishandled millions of dollars.
22. President Harding dies of a
heart attack…then Vice President_______________ takes over the office in 1923.
23. ______________________Pact
was to outlaw war…(outlawed aggression not self
defense).
24. ______________________won
the Presidential election 1928.
Stock
Market
25. The __________________
Industrial Average in 1924 = 120, 1929 = 381, 1932 = 41.
26. “Black Thursday” was Oct. 24, _______ where 13
million shares of stock were sold and prices fell.
27. The loans from banks were
called on for people who bought stock on “___________” of 10%…the other 90% was
put up by brokers.
28.
What was the nickname given to the “Scopes Trial?” a. Animal Trial
b. Monkey Trial
c. Evolution Trial d. Big Bang
Trial
29.
What was the first “talkie” motion picture?
a. Steamboat Willie b. Birth of
a Nation
c. The Jazz Singer d. The Great Train Robbery
30.
Who was responsible for Americans to cite new sexual frankness in everyday life
through psychology? a.
Sigmund Freud b. Fundamentalist c. Henry Ford
d. Marcus Garvey
31.
Women that were social “party girls” (dancers and drinkers) were known as______ .
a.
prostitutes b. flappers c. socialites d. speakeasies
32.
Jazz music was developed by______ . a. European immigrants
b. teenage Americans c. Caucasian impresarios d. African Americans
33.
Who was the first to fly across the
a. Charles
Lindbergh b. Sigmund Freud c. Andrew Mellon d. Amelia Earhart
34.
What was the name of the airplane that was used to fly across the
a. Lady
Luck b. Spirit of
35. The city that was by far the most spectacular
example of lawlessness in the 1920’s was________ . a.
Essay
(answer one in full)
Do
you think you would like to have lived in the 1920’s? Why or why not? Note what
you find alluring about the decade and what
you would not have liked.
The
1920’s was a decade of “heroes.” Why? Explain why Charles Lindbergh, Henry
Ford, and Margaret Sanger were so greatly admired in the twenties.
What
caused the Stock Market to “crash?” What were the results of the Stock Market
Crash?
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