Everything Irrigation

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   Irrigation by drainage (ISRAEL)

   Discipline: Agriculture

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   Israel, with the rare agricultural zone and very little by fresh waterdesapprovisionnements, the needs to maximize its unit of producesper of nourriturea of the ground while reducing use to minimuml ' of water. As anelement of sound àréduire of order the use of water, irrigation of the chosefavoriserl of government ' by the drainage, which is more expensive than methods of desautres of themajority of irrigation. However the irrigation byégouttementen of the limits of the effectiveness of the use of water is améthodesouhaitable irrigation in a country like Israel, whereledessalement is used with fresh water of distil of sea water.

   Description

   The irrigation by drainage is one drips slow by the fall, localisedapplication of water to a grid just above lasurface of the ground. Systems of Thereare also with the flower of terred the ' drainage, in which the parégouttement side one of irrigation of partsof are buried 20-60 centimetres of belowlasurface of the ground. The irrigation by drainage saves waterenréduisant the size of the wet surface of the ground, of this quantity of factdiminuantla of direct evaporation and percolation of lazone excessby of root. To the difference of the carriages of water, parégouttement of theirrigation practically without change by states of wind, niest it is affected by the external states of the ground. The groundestmaintenu in the state without moist interruption. Canêtreappliqués of food by the systems of the drainage, manure of useof of this réduisantl in fact ' and quality of improvement of eauretournée. The increases in the theeffectiveness of the use of the eaudans the irrigation by drainage, compared with irrigationconventionnelle of basin/furrow, are allottedto it with the épargnede the water and the increase in outputsresulting of the régimesfavorables of moisture and nutritiveelements of the ground.

   Israel carried out a modernization of the techniques del'irrigationetd ' greater effectiveness of irrigation in présentantlesystèmesd' drainage and computerized the automatic controldesaméliorations of surplusof of eau.L ' the last years permiseslethesector of pouraugmenter appreciably under the irrigation andagricultural lelaproduction, withoutincreasing the use ofeau.Tableauattaché illustrates the significantreduction of the statesdel' unit eaupar of manufacture in 1984, areowed principalementl' 'àl application of modern technologies of irrigation, 'irrigationconventionnelle àl compared used in 1970. For example,lelaréduction of the request of water is forlaproductiond' roughly 60percent of potatoes, the apples etles bananas and environ30percent itfor lawyers and cotton.

   __________________________________________________________________________________

   Comparison of the conditions of water in Israel
   (output of liters/kg)
   __________________________________________________________________________________
   
   __________ Potato_____Cotton_____Citrus______Avocado______Apple______Banana
   
   1970_______250_______1400_______240________1220_________550________1700
   1984_______100_______1000_______200_________800_________250________650
   Reduction
   (%)________60_________29________17__________34__________55_________62
   __________________________________________________________________________________ _
   Source: Schwarz, "study of the water of the sector of Israel", 1991
   
   
   

   Educated lessons

   In January 2002, the similar reports/ratios cuts glossy in theclaimingmadiaisraélien that the employees of the agricultural Sudanesegovernmentontreçu the formation in Israel. The Sudanese embassywithAmmancatégoriquement denied these stories too.

   Source

   Xie and others. By employing water effectively: Technological Optionsexposed technique number 205, May 1993, pp of the bank mondiale20-21.