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General |
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Generally PA |
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Heart size cannot be assessed in an AP view, unless there is massive cardiomegally |
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Frontal Chest X-Ray |
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Heart failure |
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Cardiomegally - Heart shadow horizontal size larger than 1/2 horizontal lung size |
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Upper lobe diversion - Vessels in upper lobes become larger than those in lower lobes |
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Interstitial oedema - Blurring of vessels, mostly in hilum |
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Curly B lines - Interstitial oedema in the lower peripheries - seen as 1cm horizontal lines in lower lobes |
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Pulmonary oedema - Haziness in the lung fields |
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Pleural effusion - Blunting costophrenic & cardiophrenic angles |
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COAD |
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Hyperinflated lungs - More than 10 ribs anteriorly, or 8 posteriorly |
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Flattened diaphragms |
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Hyperluscent lung fields - Diffusely decreased interstitial markings |
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Consolidation |
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Pneumothorax |
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Nodules |
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Solitary |
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Cavitating |
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TB - active |
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Hamartoma (popcorn appearence) |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Calcified |
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Old tuberculosis lesion (not active) |
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Hamartoma (popcorn appearence) |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Homogenous |
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Primary lung carcinoma |
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Hamartoma (popcorn appearence) |
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Hydatid cyst |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Multiple |
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Metastases |
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Sarcoidosis |
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Abdomen |
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Spine |
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Limbs |
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Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) |
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