GENESEE POINTS

Late Archaic: 4,000 to 3,500 BP

DESCRIPTION: Genesee points range in size from 45 to 115 mm in length. This wide variation in size is due mainly to resharpening and reworking the tip. Widths vary from 25 to 60 mm, averaging 30 to 35 mm. Stem widths range from 15 to 28 mm, although most specimens measure between 20 and 25 mm..5 to 8mm in thickness. Basal width is 14 to 20mm and concavity depth ranges from 2 Maximum thickness ranges from 7 to 13 mm. The blade shapes vary, but convex shapes are the most common. Concavo-convex (ogival) blades are found, particularly in the Niagara Pebinsula. Stems are straight sided, but some specimens have stems that are somewhat expanding or contracting. Bases are usually slightly concave. Cross sections are lenticular. The flaking is usually well executed. The primary flaking, which entirely covers both faces, consists of wide, expanding flake scars. Secondary or marginal retouching is used where it is required ro produce an even, sharp edge. The sides of the stem and the base often display slight grinding, but this is rarely as pronounced as it is in Paleo-Indian and earlier Archaic points.



DISTRIBUTION: In south western Ontario most Genesees are found in the Carolinian biotic province.

RAW MATERIAL: Onondaga chert is the most popular material, especially near outcrop sources in the Grand River -Niagara Peninsula area. In the Lake Huron and St. Clair drainages, Kettle Point chert and coarse-grained rocks like greywacke were commonly used.

AGE AND CULTURE: Late Archaic. The Ontario Genesee points probably date to sometime between 1,900 and 1,400 B.C. The one available carbon date for south western Ontario is 1,830 B.C., from the Ausable River. Similar stemmed, broad-bladed points are found widely over the Eastern USA during the seconf millenium B.C.

REFERENCES: London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society. I. Kenyon, 1981 Genesee Points. KEWA 81-7. Ritchie, 1961, pp.24-25, 77. Justice, 1995, pp.159-162. Overstreet, 2003, pp. 125-126.