Any democratic system needs an efficient and effective judiciary which clearly spells out the citizen's fundamental rights other than assuring him of a smooth process to address their grievances which consumes less time, money and energy.

Other than the individual's rights, the judicialry also is responsible for facilitating corporate and other organisational rights including laws for consumers vs. manufacturers, employees vs. employers, landlord vs. tenants, etc.

Civil law
Civil law manages private issues like property, contract, commercial issues, inheritance and family issues. The lawyers handling damage and breach of contract suits. The lawyers also act as trustees or guardians of an estate when required. Their main job is to prepare and draw up deeds, leases, wills, mortgages and contracts.

Criminal law
Be it theft, murder, arson, kidnapping, rape, terrorism or any other issue, criminal lawyers develop expertise in practising law about offences committed against the individual, society or the state at large. Criminal lawyers defend or help prosecute by interviewing clients and witnesses. Lawyers establish facts through interviews and research, compiles the findings, prepares the case and fights it out in the courtroom.

Real estate
Real estate lawyers are involved in cases pertaining to real estate, property tax, proerty transfers, etc.

Tax law
Tax lawyers indulge in cases about income tax, wealth tax, gift tax, estate duty, etc.

International law
Some lawyers are involved in studying and later practising international law -- pertaining to how nations are to deal with each other in matters of trade disputes, boundary disputes, etc.

Labour law
If the issue is between the management and the labour, it's the labour lawyer, well versed in things like the Industrial Disputes Act, the Bonus act, The Gratuity Act, who can deliver the goods.

Others
Other branches of law include matters pertaining to corporate law, excise law, customs, constitutional law, family law, consumer law, etc.

Being a vast subject, it is not possible for law students and professionals to master each and every aspect of law. Instead, after procuring basic knowledge, law students specialise in one particular area, be it criminal law, civil law, company law, constitutional law, taxation, etc. If one hopes to make a mark, it can only be after acquiring specialisation.

Having acquired the necessary skills and a degree, lawyers can indulge in private practice and represent clients in the courts of law. Lawyers practice before judges in Subordinate Courts, Administrative Tribunals, High Courts and the Supreme Court.

Subordinate Courts

Subordinate courts are district courts as well as a hierarchy of civil courts of Magistrates class I, II, III, munsifs, etc.

Central and State Administrative Tribunals

Trials regarding disputes and complaints about service conditions in public services are held in Central and State Administrative Tribunal courts. These tribunals are presided over by a chairman or an appointed tribunal member.

High Courts

The High Court looks after the state judicial administration and has jurisdiction over one or more states. A chief justice is the perso