This picture was taken through my telescope. I own a small, cheap telescope (about $350) that I bought a few years back. I directly mounted my camera onto my telescope by removing the eyepiece (the part you look through) and replacing it with my camera body (ie. I removed the camera lens too.) I was then able to look through my camera and focus the whole apparatus on the moon. The focal length of my camera became the focal length of my telescope: 900mm. So, in effect, I had a 900mm lens on my camera instead of the 58mm that I usually had. When I took this picture I had no idea what to expect since I had none of the information that I now have on how to take pictures like this. So I think it turned out fairly well all things considered. The focus is a bit soft. This is from a combination of two things: imperfect focus due to my imperfect eyes and camera shake.
Camera shake can be a BIG problem when taking pictures of far away things. Just think, if you move something just a tiny bit when it is pointing at something 375 000 km away from you the object is going to move around a lot in your view. Even the action of the mirror flipping up while the picture is being taken can be enough to make the picture seem fuzzy. To explain: when a camera takes a picture a small mirror flips up and out of the way at the same time a shutter slides to one side so that light can fall on the film surface. With the subject being so far from the camera the small amount of shaking can be enough to mess up the picture. To overcome this, it is best to get a camera with a mirror lock up. You focus the camera, then lock up the mirror so that when you snap the picture with a cable release (a short wire that allows you to push the button to take a picture without actually touching the camera with your hands. You've probably seen photographers use them in movies) there will be less shaking of the camera.
To find a semi-technical description of taking pictures of the moon and what to expect go to my Shooting the Moon page.
The small white spots on the moon are a result of a dirty negative while developing the print. I even had to touch up the picture to make one or two spots disappear. I could have gotten rid of the spots if I had enough time to redevelop the print but I never did. To avoid getting these spots on your print just make sure the negative is free of dust or hair. Getting a perfect print can be quite annoying as I can attest to. For some of my prints I have about five or six copies of them all of which have some flaw on them before I got one right. Serves me right for developing in a dusty area.