3.a.i.

• Africa

3.a.ii.

• 1975 - 1985

3.a.iii.

• The rainfall has been going up and down for these years.

• It reached its highest in 1970 and the lowest in 1959.

3.b.

• Low humidity level in the air.

3.c.

• Failure of crops as growing of crops needs water.
• The livestock will also face heat problem and water shortage.
• As a result, famine occurs as there is less food available.
• Wells start to dry up and people have very little water to go around.
• People start to migrate to other areas where agriculture can take place.

4.a.i.

• Plate A: South American Plate
• Plate B: African Plate

4.a.ii.

• North American Cordillera

4.b.i.

• The magma will escape to the earth's surface through the fracture and solidify when cooled.
• As a result, an oceanic ridge may be formed through sea-floor spreading.

4.b.ii.

• Indicate Z where you see two arrows moving away from each other.

4.c.i.

• It is located near to the plate boundary. When the plates move, the crust will vibrate or tremor due to the movement of the plates which is not smooth.
• Japan also has many active volcanoes. When the volcanoes erupt, the crust tremors due to the explosion.

4.c.ii.

• The active volcanoes are concentrated around the Pacific Ocean.

6.a.

• The boundary separating one drainage from another drainage basin.

6.b.i.

• Box A - radial pattern

6.b.ii.

• Box B - draw either trellis or dendritic pattern. Refer to Textbook pp 212 & 213 for diagrams.
• Remember to name the pattern in the box provided.

6.c.i.

• Traction - transport
• Hydraulic action - erosion
• Suspension - transport
• Corrasion - erosion

6.c.ii.

Choose 3 of the following:

• Saltation - Large particles such as gravel and coarse sand are lifted and then dropped again so that they bounce along the river bed in a series of hops.
• Traction - Large particles such as pebbles and boulders roll and slide along the river bed.
• Suspension - Smaller particles such as clay, silt and fine sand are carried along without touching the river bed. Materials carried in suspension usually forms the greatest part of the total river load.

• Corrasion - It is the grinding of rock fragments carried by the river against the banks and bed of the channel.
• Hydraulic action - It is the process of breaking rocks and dragging them away from the bed and banks of a river by the force of the running water itself.

10.a.

• The lowland coastal area is more suitable for agriculture. The thick soil make agriculture easier and accessibility is good on lowland.
• Area A is protected from the SW monsoon winds by Sumatra while the interior highlands protect it from NE monsoon winds.

10.b.

• Minerals can also be found in area A. This attract many mining companies as well as mining workers into the area.
• The infrastructure that is developed also encouraged people to stay as there is greater accessibility.

10.c.

• 1: There is high relief and steep gradient. This makes it difficult to cultivate crops.
• 2: The soil is too thin and therefore is not fertile enough to encourage crop cultivation.

10.d.

• Higher accessibility as there are more roads.
• Airports can also be found near the coast.
• The fertile alluvial soil of the deltas of the major rivers encourage many farmers to grow wet rice.
• Inland has higher relief which discourages farming.