1.a.

Country C

1.b.i.

• Diagram I - Country B
• A higher percentage of people are working in primary industry than in secondary industry
• There is no tertiary industry

1.b.ii.

• Diagram II - Country C
• All three types of industries are present
• A higher percentage of the workforce is in primary industry than in secondary and tertiary industries

1.b.iii.

• Diagram III - Country A
• A higher percentage of people working in tertiary industry than in secondary industry
• There is no primary industry

2.a.

The total income of a country, usually per year

2.b.i.

US$ 2970

2.b.ii.

US$ 4180

2.c.i.

• Infant mortality rate
• Percentage of total population with access to safe water

2.c.ii.

• Infant mortality rate reflects the availability of medical facilities such as clinics, hospitals and better medical equipment.
• Access to safe water indicates hygiene conditions and the likelihood of disease, which affect the health of the people.

2.d.i.

Country B

2.d.ii.

• Based on a combination of indicators
• Country B has a higher level of development on four of the five indicators
• Has a high average income per person/ has a higher GNP per capita
• The lower infant mortality rate shows better medical facilities
• More people are educated which means a more skilled labour force
• Has a higher percentage of people employed in tertiary industry

3.

• Lower adult illiteracy rate implies that more people are educated
• Easier to train these educated people
• Increases percentage of skilled labour
• Brings about an increase in productivity and an increase in total income of the country

1.a.

• High birth rate
• Balanced sex ratio
• A high percentage of young dependants

1.b.

• Slows down development
• A rapidly growing population drains the resources such as land, water and wealth of the country
• A large proportion of the country's wealth is spent on meeting the basic needs of the increasing number of young dependants such as housing, food, medical care and education
• Less income left for other development projects
• The proportion of the population working and generating income is small
• Hence GNP per capita is low

2.a.i.

The Amazon Basin (Any other answer)

2.a.ii.

Clearing the forest to grow pasture to rear cattle and to cultivate crops

2.b.

• An increase in income through export of products from cattle ranches
• More food supply
• More jobs available
• Raised the standard of living of people

2.c.

• Loss of soil fertility
• Loss of protective covering for the soil
• Higher surface run-off
• Results in soil erosion and leaching
• Water pollution and flooding
• Eroded soil washed into the rivers
• Quality of water is affected
• May lead to river silting up
• Increasing the likelihood of flooding in the low-lying areas
• Extensive use of fertilisers may result in pollution of rivers and lakes
• Increase in greenhouse effect
• Large-scale destruction of Amazon forest has a global impact
• Fewer trees to remove carbon dioxide
• Contributes to increase in global carbon dioxide level
• Burning of forest also increases carbon dioxide and other gases such as nitrous oxide and methane
• Loss of plant and animal species
• Many valuable plant species are destroyed with deforestation
• Animals die when trees are felled or burnt and when their habitat is destroyed

3.a.

Africa & Asia

3.b.

• Overcrowding in the urban areas
• Shortage of houses
• Development of squatter settlements
• Lack of amenities such as water and electricity
• High cost of health care and lack of medical facilities
• Problems of air pollution due to an increase in vehicles and industries
• Problems of land and water pollution from domestic and industrial waste
• Lack of transport
• Traffic congestion
• Unemployment
• Increase in crime rate