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The poem is organised into four rhetorical questions in lines 5, 10, 11, 12. Rhetoric is used here by Yeats as a means of coming to terms with the reality of his relationship with Maud Gonne. The opening statement of the poem, "Why should I blame her that she filled my days with misery", can be interpreted as a disclaimer or as absolution for Maud Gonne. Yeats recognises that Maud Gonne's character made her act the manner in which she did, and although this resulted in misery for him, there was little blame that he could attach to her.
The second statement "or that she would of late have taught to ignorant men most violent ways" contains both praise and criticism of Maud Gonne. The men who supported her are described by Yeats as ignorant by comparison with her intelligence, but Yeats does not support the use of violence. He fears that she will be responsible for a revolution, which would pitch Ireland against the might of the British Empire.
The second rhetorical question provides Yeats with an explanation of the character of Maud Gonne. She is described in terms of classical beauty, in a series of warlike metaphors and similes. In lines 6 - 10, the poet attempts to understand the mind of Maud Gonne. He describes it as being noble with the simplicity of fire, a simile designed to explain her temperament.
This epic is, in the words of Yeats, "not natural in an age like this" but more in keeping with Classical Greece or Rome, therefore the implied comparison with Helen of Troy. The stern haughty demeanor of Maud Gonne is, in Yeats' opinion, consistent with her character. In line 11, he asks another question by way of explanation "Why, what could she have done being what she is?". In this line Yeats has come to terms with Maud Gonne, has convinced himself that the character she possessed could only have resulted in the actions she carried out.
The poem concludes with the final rhetorical question and the warning of an apocalyptic future, "Was there another Troy for her to burn" - was Maud Gonne's fiery brand of Nationalism and the attractions she held for men to be responsible for a revolution which would leave the city of Dublin in flames?
The poem represents a period in Yeats' career when he was finding it difficult to come to terms with his own unrequited love for Maud Gonne. This allows him to be extremely critical of her involvement in Nationalist politics because it distracted her from his attention and because he believed that the men involved with her were unworthy of her. The poem was written in 1912 and the rising which indeed took place in 1916 taught Yeats a salutary lesson.