黃氏英文 講義: 主動詞之一致與詞類變化

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前言: 主動詞之一致與詞類變化在聯考佔有至少40%的比例, 同學不能不掉以輕心.

* 本類型的題目會以 翻譯 或 選擇 方式出現, 但不論哪一種, 同學都可依以上方式

  來判斷:

(一) 時態

(二) 對等原則

(三) 問與答

(四) 特殊句型

 詳述如下:

(一) 時態:

    (1) 現在式: 第三人稱單數, 動詞需變化

       句中一定有 { 1. every + 時間

                      { 2. 頻率副詞

        例:  3   Peter ______ the United States of America every year.

                 (1. visited   2. is visiting   3. visits    4. has visited)

            1    Mary sometimes _______ a bus to work.

                 (1. takes    2. is taking    3. take     4. took)

    (2) 現在進行式: 要件為be + 現在分詞(V-ing)

        句中一定有 => 1. now

                           2. while....

                           3. Look! + 現在進行式

        例:   1  Many student _______ in the classroom now.

                 (1. are playing   2. play     3. played      4. plays)

             2  While Mary is sleeping, I _______ TV.

                 (1.watch   2. am watching   3. watched     4. watches)

             4  Look! The boys ___________ a bicycle.

                 (1. is riding    2. rode    3. ride      4. are riding)

      ** 注意: 有些靜態動詞不做進行式, 如: like, love, understand, have, know, see

               等, 必需以 現在式代替進行式

            1  Look! The boy ______ dinner now.

                   (1. is having    2. have    3. has    4. having) 

            3  Look! The boy _______ a new English name now.

(1.     is having    2. have     3. has      4. having)

               * have有 “吃”, “舉行”的 意思, 可以用進行式

                have做 “擁有” 解釋時, 沒有 進行式, 需用 現在式 代替

    (3) 過去式:

       句中一定有 =>  1. 明顯的過去時間, 如: yesterday.....

                            2. last + 時間

                            3. ...... ago

       例:   3   How old ______ your brother last year?

(1.     are   2. were  3. was   4. is) 

    (4) 過去進行式

       句中可能有 => 1. while + 主詞 + was/were

                         2. when                      

       例:   1   While Mary was watching TV, I ______ a bath.   

                 (1. was taking   2. am taking    3. took    4. take)

            1    When Bill came in my room yesterday, I _______ English.

                 (1. was studying     2. studied     3. study    4. had studied)

(二) 對等原則: 在連接詞 (and, but, or, not only...but also, than, whether ...or) 兩邊, 必須時態

              一致.

      例:   2  He not only played basketball yesterday but also _______ a bicycle.

              (1. rides a bicycle    2. rode a bicycle     3. riding a bicycle 

4.       ride a bicycle.

(三) 問與答: 問與答 兩邊時態需一致

      例:  2   Who ______ the mistake? Bill did.

                  (1. makes     2. made    3. is making     4. was making)

(四) 特殊動詞與句型:　本類的句型包涵極廣, 以下僅列出重要的

     (1) 動詞後用 動名詞 (V-ing)

        句型: 主詞 +   enjoy      + V-ing

                           mind

                            practice

                             finish

         例:   1   Do you mind _______ the door?

                   (1. my opening    2. I opening    3. open   4. to open)

              4    Bill has been practicing ________ since noon.

                   (1. sing   2. sang   3. sung    4. singing)

              2    He finished ______ the wall in the afternoon.

                   (1. to paint   2. painting   3. paint    4. painted)

        句型: 主詞 +   be busy             + V-ing

                           be good at          

                           have fun

                            take所有格 time

                            spend time

                       waste time

                       have a good time

        例:   1   Many shoppers take their time ______ in the department store.

                  (1. shopping   2. shop   3. shopped    4. have shopped)

  (2) 動詞後面用 不定詞 (to + 原形動詞)

      句型:  主詞 +   want            人   to + 原形動詞

                          tell

                           would like

                      ask 

      例:  1   Mr. Bill White would like us _______ in the room.    

               (1. to stay   2. stay     3. staying    4. stays)

(3)    感官動詞: 動詞如: see, look at, feel, hear, watch, listen to等, 後面用

　　           動名詞 (V-ing) 或 原形動詞 

      句型: 主詞 + 感官動詞 +   V-ing

                                     原形動詞

      例:  1, 2  I can feel the box _____.

                (1. move   2. moving    3. to move     4. has moved)

      * 注意: 在被動式時, 後面要用 不定詞

　　  例:   1   Tom was seen ________ piano after school.

                (1. to play    2. playing   3. to playing   4. plays)

  (4) 使役動詞: 動詞: let, make等, 後面用 原形動詞

      例:  1  He made his students _____ the classroom.

             (1. clean   2. cleaning  3. to clean  4. cleaned)

      * 注意: 在被動式時, 後面要用 不定詞

  (5) help: 這個動詞後面可用 原形動詞 或 不定詞

     句型: 主詞 + help + 人 +  原形動詞

                                       to + 原形動詞

     例:  2, 3   Mother is helping Father ______ the living room.

                (1. paints    2. to paint   3. paint   4. painting)

黃氏英文Tel: 2914987

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範圍: Agreement                                   姓名: ________________

______  1. What have you been busy _______?

         (1. doing   2. do   3. to do   4. to have done)

______  2.The doctor asked me _______ the medicine three times a day.

         (1. to take   2. takes     3. taking     4. take)

______  3. What would you like me _______? 

         (1. doing   2. do   3. to do   4. to have done)

______  4. A: Who _______ the work?  B: Mary and Jean have.

         (1. have finished     2. did finish      3.  has finished    4. finishes)

______  5. When we got there yesterday, he wouldn’t let us ______ in.

         (1. go    2. went    3. to go    4. going)

______  6. A: Who ________ the movies?    B: Peter and Jack are.

         (1. sees     2. has gone to   3. are going to     4. is going to)

______  7. Why don’t you take your time _______? I will be back in 2 hours.

         (1. shop   2. shoping     3. shops    4. shopping)

______  8. The students are made _______ hard.

         (1. to study   2. studies    3. studying    4. study)

______  9. Mother is a great cook. She is great ________.

         (1. to cook    2. at cooking    3. if cooks    4. cook)

______ 10. My class ________ dinner now.

         (1. have    2. has    3. is having     4. are having)

______ 11. Jill often takes a bus to school, but Jane _______.

         (1. never is   2. never does   3. is never do     4. is never does)

______ 12. Susan _____ an English name now.

         (1. is having   2. has    3. have     3. had)

______ 13. I _____ her a few years ago.

         (1. have met   2. meet    3. was meeting    4. met)

______ 14. He wants me _________ for him if he is late.

         (1. to wait   2. waiting    3. wait    4. waits)

______ 15. He had helped his father _______ rice during that time.

         (1. grow    2. growing    3. grew    4. grown)

______ 16. He spent a lot of time _______; he was a dreamer.

         (1. to dream    2. dreamed      3. dream     4. dreaming)

______ 17. Jill is often late to school, but Jane _______.

         (1. never is   2. never does   3. is never do     4. is never does)

______ 18. The boy was asked _________ the work by tomorrow.

         (1. to finish    2. finished    3. finishing    4. to be finished)

______ 19. Every year each boy and girl _______ to the place to get a present.

         (1. comes   2. come   3. is coming    4. has been coming)

______ 20. The students are made _______ hard.

         (1. to study   2. studies    3. studying    4. study)

______ 21. _______ you usually go to school by train last summer?

         (1. Did     2. Do    3. Are    4. Is)

______ 22. I had finished my homework while ________ in the room.

         (1. you are sleeping     2. you slept    3. you had slept     4. you were sleeping)

______ 23. Jack didn’t like football then, but he _______ it now.

         (1. loves    2. is loving    3. has been loving    4. loved)

______ 24. _______ you usually at home in the afternoon?

         (1. Were    2. Did   3. Are    4. Do)

______ 25. He likes staying at home and _______ an English book.

         (1. to read    2. read     3. reading     4. reads)

______ 26. We like to play football more than _______ a bicycle.

         (1. to ride    2. riding    3. to have ridden     4. rode)

______ 27. I _____ TV when Bill called me yesterday.

         (1. watched     2. am watching     3. should watch     4. was watching)

______ 28. The song has been heard _______ many times.

         (1. to sing    2. singing    3. sung     4. sang)

______ 29. They were watching the football players ______.

         (1. practice     2. to practice     3. practiced    4. practices)

______ 30. What’s in the box? I can feel it ______.

         (1. to move   2. moving    3. moves    4. moved)

______ 31. Have you finished _______ the walls?

         (1. to paint    2. paint     3. painting     4. paints)

______ 32. I will listen to you ______ the drums tomorrow.

         (1. will play     2. play      3. to play     4. plays)

______ 33. He not only washed the car but also ______ the house.

         (1. clean    2. to clean     3. cleaned     4. cleaning)

______ 34. He _____ me very much now. 

         (1. is understanding     2. understands     3. understood    4. has been understood)

______ 35. Do you mind _______ the door for me?

         (1. opening   2. open     3. to open     4. opens)

______ 36. Look! The boy _____ there now.  

         (1. is    2. is being     3. being     4. has been)

______ 37. The boy was told _______ in the living room.

         (1. to sit     2. sits      3. sitting     4. sit)

______ 38. Boys, ________ yourselves.      

         (1. dress   2. getting dress    3. dressing     4. dresses)

______ 39. He often watches TV or ________ a movie on the weekend.

         (1. goes to    2. going to    3. go    4. to go to )

______ 40. Ken ________ his homework, but I did.

         (1. doesn’t do   2. didn’t does    3. didn’t    4. didn’t do)

______ 41. Jill, _______ late. 

         (1. be     2. is    3. do be     4. don’t be)

______ 42. Mary was heard _______ in her room yesterday.

         (1. to sing    2. sing    3. is singing    4. sings)

______ 43. The teacher made the students _______ hard.

         (1.to study     2. studies     3. studying    4. study)

______ 44. He told me _______ at home. 

         (1. to stay    2. stays    3. staying    4. stay)

______ 45. What did you enjoy ________? 

         (1. doing   2. do   3. to do   4. to have done)

______ 46. He wouldn’t mind _______.    

         (1. to smoke    2. my smoking    3. I smoke    4. I am smoking)

______ 47. The students are made _______ hard.

         (1. to study   2. studies    3. studying    4. study)

______ 48. The girls were practicing ________ the drums.

         (1. to play     2. play    3. playing    4. plays)

______ 49. Bill has read the book, but I _________.

         (1. have    2. do       3. haven’t     4. don’t)

______ 50. He doesn’t mind if _______.

         (1. I going home    2. I go home    3. go home    4. going to home)

解答:

 1) 1    2) 1    3) 3   4) 3    5) 1    6) 4    7) 4    8) 1     9) 2     10) 4

11) 2   12) 2   13) 4   14) 1   15) 1   16) 4   17) 1   18) 1    19) 1     20) 1

21) 1   22) 4   23) 1   24) 3   25) 3   26) 1   27) 4   28) 3    29) 1     30) 2

31) 3   32) 2   33) 3   34) 2   35) 1   36) 1   37) 1   38) 1    39) 1     40) 4

41) 4   42) 1   43) 4   44) 1   45) 1   46) 2   47) 1   48) 3    49) 3     50) 2