1. New Rome- (Justinian and Byzantine)

Justinian was a highly ranked nobleman. He came to power, in 527, by succeeding his uncle to the throne of the eastern empire. Justinian became a military commander and began his empire in Byzantine. Throughout his rule he took over nearly all of Italy and parts of Spain. He ruled all of territory that Rome had ever ruled.

2. Building the New Rome

Byzantine Empire its own character-different from that of the empire. To regulate a complex society, Justinian set up a panel of ten legal experts. The result of the panel’s was a body of civil law known as the Justinian Code. This code had four works. They were the Code, the Digest, the Institutes, and the Novellae.

3. Byzantine problems and enemies

Constantinople remained rich and powerful for centuries. After Justinian’s death in 565, however, the empire suffered countless setbacks. Each time the empire moved to the edge of collapse, it found some way to revive- only to face another crisis. The first crisis was actually started before Justinian died. It was a disease that resembled what we know as the bubonic plague. The plague probably arrived from India on ships infested with rats. At its peak, it was estimated that near 10,000 people were dying everyday. Byzantium’s enemies pressed in on all sides. Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars made frequent raids on the northern boarders. The powerful Sassanids Persians attacked relentlessly in the east. With the rise of Islam, Arab armies attacked the city in 674 and once again in 717. As their first line of defense, the Byzantines used bribes, diplomacy, and political marriages to prop up their shaky empire. These strategies were not enough. In spite these measures, the Byzantine Empire slowly shrank under the impact of foreign attacks. Finally, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

4. Church Divisions

During those many centuries, the Eastern Church in Constantinople continued to flourish. The Church would eventually split into the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. Differences between the Eastern and Western churches, however, continued to grow. In 1054, matters came to a head when the pope and the patriarch excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine. After this schism, or split, Christianity was permanently divided between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East.

5. Create a graphic organizer citing 5 reasons for the fall of the Byzantium.

6. Slavs and Greeks

The Slavs were people from the forests north of Black Sea- began trading with Constantinople. As they traded, they began absorbing Greek Byzantine ideas. Russian culture grew out of this blending of Salvic and Greek traditions.

7. Rise and Fall of Kiev

Kiev was a small state located on the Dnieper River. From Kiev, the Vikings could sail by river and sea to Constantinople. Kiev grew into a small state ruled by a prince. When they traded, the Vikings intermarried with Slavics. Soon the line between the Slavs and the Vikings vanished. Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the glittering capital of prosperous and educated people. The rise of Kiev marks the appearance of Russia’s first important territory. Vladimir led the way in establishing Kiev’s power. By the 12^th century, Kiev could even boast of having 400 churches. However, the wooden churches proved to be as temporary as Kiev’s glory. The decline of Kiev state started with the death of Yaroslav in1054. The mistake the Yaroslav made was dividing the realm among his sons. His sons fought and tore the state apart fighting for the choicest territories.

8. Mongols Favor Rise Of Moscow

In the middle 1200s, a ferocious group of horsemen from central Asia named the Mongols slashed their way into Russia. The rise of Moscow began under the Mongols. With the city being located by three rivers, a prince of Moscow who could gain control of the three rivers could eventually control nearly all of European Russia. Prince Ivan I can be noted as the reason why the Mongols prospered.

9. Turks form Central Asia

As early as 1300 B.C., Chinese records mention a people called the Durko living west of their border. The Durko may have well been the Turks. For centuries, these nomads rode their horse over the vast plains. The Islamic world first met them as raiders and traders along their northeastern frontiers. In the 10^th century, the Turks began converting to Islam and slowly migrating into the Abbasid Empire.

10. Seljuks go at Crusaders and Mongols

Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade in 1095. Soon after the captured Jerusalem and massacred its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. Soon, the Seljuk Empire gathered enough strength to fight back. The Muslims reclaimed Jerusalem in 1187. In course of their rampage, the Mongol armies leveled any cities the dared to resist them. Genghis Khan and his successors shaped the biggest land empire in history.

M. Wiggins

WH Chapter 11 ID Questions

Section 1:

1) New Rome

Constantine planned Constantinople as the capitol of the empire-the New Rome. An eastern empire was gradually coming into being. The eastern provinces then began to develop independently of the declining West. The Western Roman Empire crumbled in the 5^th century, as invading Germanic tribes overran it. The Empire’s center of power was moved eastward.

2) Building a new Rome

A separate government and difficult communications with the west gave the Byzantine Empire it’s own character. The citizens thought of themselves as sharing in the Roman tradition but few spoke Latin anymore. Most Byzantine spoke Greek. New Rome. Between 528 and 533 they combed through 400 years of Roman law and legal opinions.

3) Byzantine problems and enemies

After Justians’ death in 565 the empire suffered countless setbacks. In Byzantine. In 542 at its peak it was estimated that 10,000 people were dying everyday. The illness broke out every 8 to 12 years until around 700 when it finally faded out. The smaller population left the empire exposed to its enemies.

4) Church divisions

During those many centuries the Eastern Church in Constantinople continued to flourish. At the same time distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to diverge. The church would eventually split into the Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic churches.

5)

Section 2:

6) Slavs and Greeks

Midway through the 9^th century, the Slavs- people from the forest north of the black sea- began trading with the Constantinople. As they traded, they began absorbing Greek Byzantine ideas. Russian culture grew out of this blending of Slavic and Greek traditions.

7) Rise and fall of Kiev

Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the glittering capitol of prosperous and educated people. The rise of Kiev marks the appearance of Russia’s first important unified territory. The decline of the Kievan state started with the death of Yaroslav in 1054.

8) Mongols Favor rise of Moscow

In the middle 1200s a ferocious group of horsemen from central Asia slashed their way into Russia. These nomads were the Mongols. They had exploded onto the world scene at the beginning of the 1200s under Genghis Khan. Mongols may have been forced to move out by economic or military pressures.

Section 3:

9) Turks from Central Asia

1. In 330,Constantine planned Constantinople as the new capitol of the empire-the New Rome. As a result of Constantine's decisiones, the empires center of power moved eastward. The Eastern provinces then began to develop independently of the declining West.

2.To regulate a complex society, Justinian set up a panel of 10 legal experts between 528 and 533. The result of the panel's work was a body of civil law known as the Justinian Code.

3.Constantinople remained rich and powerful for centuries. After Justinian's death in 565, however, the empire suffered countless setbacks. There were street riots, religious quarrels, palace intrigues, and foreign dangers. Each time the empire moved to the edge of collapse, it found some way to revive-only to face another crisis.

4. Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early church fathers. One was Saint Basil, who, around 357, wrote rules for the life of monks.

6. Midway through the 9th century, the Slavs-the people from the forests north of the Black Sea-began trading with Constantinople. As they traded, they began absorbing Greek Byzantine ideas. Russian culture grew out of this blending of Slaic and Greek traditions.

7.Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the glittering capital of prosperous and educated people. The rise of Kiev marks the appearance of Russia's first important unified territory. The decline of the Kievan state started with the death of Yaroslav in 1054.His sons tore the state apart fighting for the choicest territories.

8.In the middle 1200s, aferocious group of horsemen from central Asia slashed their way into Russia. These nomads were the Mongols. They had exploded onto the world scene at the beginning of the 1200s under Genghis Khan, one of the most feared warriors of all time.

9. As early as 1300 B.C., Chinese records mention a people called the Durko living west of their borders. The Durko may well have been the Turks. For centries, these nomads rode their horses over the vast plains. They herded goats, sheep, lived in tents, and used two-humped camels to carry their goods.

10. Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade in 1095. He called for Christians to drive the Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem. In 1099, the Crusaders captured Jerusalem and massacred its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. Early in the 1200s, Genghis Khan had forged his Mongol tribes into a unified force and conquered China.

D. Solomon

1. New Rome (Justinian and Byzantine Emperors)

In 567, a Byzantine nobleman named Justinian succeeded the throne of the Eastern Empire. He took over nearly all of Italy and parts of Spain. He ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled. In 533, he sent his best general Belisarius to recover North Africa from the Vandals.

2. Building the New Rome

Between 528 and 533, Justinian set up a panel of ten legal experts. They created a single, uniform code for Justinian’s new Rome to regulate a complex society. He created an imperial capital. He protected the city’s coast by building stone walls. He built a church called Hagia Sophia. This church convinced visiting Russian nobles that their country should adopt Byzantine Christianity. He also built a street called Mese. The Mese was a series of market public squares.

3. Byzantine problems and enemies

After the death of Constantinople in 565, riots, quarrels, and foreign dangers broke out in the empire. In 542, the Bubonic plague killed 10,000 people everyday. The plague didn’t end until around the 700. Enemies came from all sides; Lombard came from the west. Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars came from northern borders. Sassanid Persians came from the east. The empire shrank to he other foreign attack. Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

4. Church Divisions

Reason Description

Bubonic Plague	In 542 killed 10,000 people everyday
Lombard overran Justinian’s conquest in the west	Foreign dangers
Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars raids in the northern borders .	Foreign dangers
Sassanid Persians attack in the east	Foreign dangers
Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches	The distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to diverge.

6. Slavs and Greeks

The Slavs were people from the forests north of the Black Sea. As they traded they absorbed Greek Byzantine ideas. Russian culture grew out of this blending of Slavic and Greek traditions. Chief Rurik founded Novgorod, Russia’s first important city. A nobleman name Oleg moved to Kiev; from Kiev the Vikings could sail by river and sea to Constantinople.

7. Rise and Fall of Kiev

Vladimir expanded his state west into Poland and to The Baltic Sea. He fought off foreign nomads from the steppes to the south. In 1019, Yaroslav the wise came to throne and led Kiev to a greater glory. Yaroslav married off his daughters and sisters to kings and princes. These marriages helped him to forge important trading alliances. The decline of Kiev started after the death Of Yaroslav in 1054. The sons tore Kiev apart. The Crusaders caused disrupted trade in Kiev.

8. Mongols Favor rise of Moscow

The Mongols arrived in central Asia in middle 1200s. They were under the rule of Genghis Khan. They left and went to Europe for no reason. The Mongols Empire stretched from the Yellow Sea to the ballistic Sea and from the Himalayas to northern Russia. In 1240, the Mongols invaded Kiev and killed many people. Since Moscow was located near three rivers, he could gain control nearly all of European Russia.

9. Turks from Central Asia

The Turks were military skilled. The abbasids used Turks children to make bodyguards. The Seljuks were the first Turkish groups. In 1055, they captured Baghdad from the Persians. The Turks crushed the Byzantine in 1017.The bond between the Turks and Persians grew strong because of Turkish admiration of Persian learning. The Turks adopted Persians language of culture and the way of life.

10. Seljuks go at Crusaders and Mongols