Chapter 4 Study Questions
Section 1-Question 1
Egypt’s Empire
Who? Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1640 B.C. to 1750 B.C. Queen Ahhotep (1600 B.C.) and Kamose helped to drive out Hyksos. [New Kingdom 1570-1075 B.C.] Hatshepsut (1472B.C.) encouraged trade rather than war. Thurmose III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, was a warlike ruler.
Where? Egyptians ruled in South Africa, Nubia; Sinai Peninsula, Syria, Palestine
When? 1570-1075 B.C.
What? Built magnificent palaces, temples, and tombs. They hid their tombs beneath desert cliffs.
Why Important? Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty added a third crown to the red and white they already had. It was a blue crown that was a war crown shaped like a battle helmet. Controlled land around the Nile and invaded Palestine and Syria.
Chapter 4: Section 4
Civilization and major construction works of Qin.
Who: Shi Huangdis
What: Shi Huanhdi was a ruler in Qin, China who forced peasants to work on roads against their will, set uniform standards for Chinese writing, law, currency, and weight and measures, down to the length of cart axles. He was hated by the scholars for his book burning; poor people hated him for their forced labor in building a unified wall. He closed the gaps in a wall that Zhou rulers built earlier so that the enemies would have to gallop half way to Tibet just to get around it. This wall became known as the "Great Wall of China"; this wall was 1,400 miles to the west. Builders faced great difficulties while building the wall, but it was either to build or to die for not building.
When: Shi Huanghi conquered between 221B. C. and 202 B.C.
Why important: Shi Huanghi built better roads, increased farm production, and made their trade blossom. The "Great Wall of China" was also constructed under his rule.
Brandon Wilder
THE FALL OF ASSYRIA
Identify: Who?What? When? Where? Why?
Who?:
Advanced military organization
What?:
A sophisticated miliary organization with,(at the time) state-of-the-art weaponry which it used to overwhelm its enemies.
When?:
Beginning around 850 B.C. and ending around 612 B.C.
Why important?: When the combined armies of the Meedes, Chaldeans, and many others rammed the cities gates (Nineveh), their armies burned and leveled Nineveh. The fire glazed the tablets in the library, which preserved them for archaeologists to study centuries later.
Dominique Lane
Who: Assyrian
What: A sophisticated military organization that overwhelmed its foes with its military strength.
When: Around 850 B.C.
Where: The northern part of Mesopotamia. Assyria
Why Important: The Assyrian’s were important because they were the strongest military power in Southeast Asia.
Assyrian Rule
At its peak around 650 B.C., this empire included almost all of the old centers of civilization and power in Southwest Asia. The Assyrians conquered many territories and made them dependent territories. The dependent territories had to pay taxes and if they didn’t, their cities would be destroyed and they would be forced into exile. With this method, they were able to extend their empire.
Assyrian Culture
Some of Assyria’s most fearsome warriors earned a reputation as great builders. Two artistic subjects particularly fascinated the Assyrians: brutal military campaigns and the lion hunt. The city Nineveh had one of the largest libraries of its time.
Return of the Caldeans
Who? Southwest Asian people who helped to destroy the Assyrian Empire
What? The armies burned down Nineveh. They burned down the tablets in the library.
When? Around 612 BC
Where? In the Babylon Empire
Why Important? Work on astronomy and astrology
Charlene Dunlap
Persian Rule & Religion: Essay Question and Summarization
Summarization
Zoroaster was a Persian prophet who came up with the religion called Zoroastrianism. The Zoroastian religion developed ideas about heaven, hell, and a final judgment that were similar to concepts in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This religion was started around 600 B.C., and spread up into Eastern India. Zoroastrianism was an important influence in the development of Manicheanism, which was a religious system that competed with early Christianity for believers.
Chapter 4
Study Question #13
Zoroatrianism
The founder of this religion is Zoroaster, a Persian prophet and religious reformer. He taught that two spiritual armies fight for possession of a person’s soul. Ahura Mazda, god of truth and light, led one army, at the end of time those who followed him were lifted into paradise. Ahriman, god of evil and darkness, led the other. His followers would suffer forever in a fiery pit. The Aresta is a collection of books that became the holy writings of this religion. Zoroaster believed that people controlled their own fate. He developed ideas similar to concepts in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Zoroastrianism spread into India and became the Parsi sect, the largest Zoroastrian group in the world today. It was an important influence in Manicheanism, which competed with early Christianity for followers. The cult of Mithra, a Zoroastrian god, became popular among military legions in the Roman Empire.
Nikita Brown
World History
Confucianism
Confucianism is an ethical system that Confucius, China’s most influential scholar,
spread throughout China. It was located in China around 551-479 B.C. It was important because it became the foundation for the Chinese government and social order.
Chapter 4
Study Question #15
Daoism
Laozi, a Chinese thinker, lived around the 6th century BC. He believed that natural order was the most important thing in life. His book, Dao De Ching, the Way of Virtue, expressed his belief. He believed that a universal force called Dao, the Way, guides all things. He says that of all creatures, only humans fail to follow the Dao. They argue about questions of right/wrong and good/bad manners, to Laozi, these arguments are pointless. The philosophy of Laozi has come to be known as Daoism. Daoism’s search for knowledge and understanding of nature has led followers to pursue scientific studies. Daoists have made contributions to alchemy, astronomy and medicine.