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RACIAL PROBLEMS

IN

HUNGARY

By

SCOTUS VIATOR

Appendice 7

 

 

 

 

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APPENDIX VII

MAGYARIZATION IN THE SCHOOLS

 

A. — Language of Instruction in Primary Schools[1]

 

Number of Schools in which Language of Instruction was given.

Number of Children attending Magyar Primary Schools where their Mother Tongue was not even used as a Subsidiary.

 

1869.

1880.

1890.

1900.

1905-6.

 

Magyar

5,819

7,342

8,994

10,464

11,742

 —  

German

1,232

867

674

389

271

103,663

Roumanian

2,569

2,756

2,582

2,309

2,440

29,598

Slovak

1,822

1,7l6

1,115

500

241

80,360

Serb

159

245

312

129

} 165

2,858

Croat and Wend

93

68

39

5

6,644

Ruthene

473

393

211

76

23

9,698[2]

Mixed (2 languages)

1,467

2,335

}2878

3,251

1,665

 —  

Mixed (3 languages)

165

102

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 —  

15,824

16,805

17,146

16,561

 

 

B. — Language of Instruction in Slovak Primary Schools, and their Annual Reduction.

Schools with Slovak Language of Instruction.

See Das Ungarische Unter­richtswesen (Official Reports of Ministry of Education), and from 1892 onwards, Ungar­isches Statistisches Jahrbuch,.

vols. i.-xiv.

I have been unable to sup­ply the figures for some of the earlier years, as the statistical publications have an un­fortunate habit of omitting certain tables in certain years. But for the last six­teen years the list is com­plete, and the reader can see at a glance that a steady policy of expelling the Slovak language from the schools has been pursued since 1879.

 

 

1869

1,821

1892

1,018

 

1874

1,971

1893

828

 

1875

1,805

1894

747

 

1876

1,814

1895

704

 

1877

1,901

1896

602

 

1879

1,837

1897

558

 

1881

1,514

1898

533

 

1883

1,378

1899

528

 

1884

1,408

1900

500

 

1885

1,349

1901

492

 

1886

1,368

1902

427

 

1887

1,368

1903

477

 

1888

1,389

1904

326

 

 

 

1905

241

 

 

C. — Magyarization of Slovak Primary Schools.

For simplicity's sake, I have limited these statistics to the ten counties where over half the population is Slovak, though in some respects those dealing with other counties are even more striking.

County.

Total Population.

Percentage of Slovaks.

Percentage of population understanding Magyar Language.

Number of Primary Schools.  

Language of Instruction.

Rightful Number of Slovak Schools (on basis of population).

 

 

 

 

State.

Communal.

Denominational.

Total.

Magyar only.

Magyar, with help of other language.

Mixed, Mag., Slov.

Slovak only.

 

Árva

84,950

94.7

5.6

9

4

93

106

9

25

20

17

100

Trencsén

286,369

92.8

6.8

48

13

295

156

69

132

87

73

144

Liptó

81,920

92.5

9.4

9

 —  

91

100

12

6

12

72

92

Zólyom

123,742

89.4

17.4

24

29

108

161

33

58

39

33

143

Turócz

51,924

73.6

12.3

23

1

48

72

19

19

27

7

52

Nyitra

427,328

73.1

17.5

76

28

359

475

215

78

149

25

346

Sáros

172,706

66.1

11.8

35

2

205

262

52

170

—

7

172

Szepes

170,535

58.2

15.1

9

13

214

236

28

72

120

15

136

Bars

164,852

57.5

41.5

24

11

171

207

126

51

23

7

 

Pressburg

300,126

51.1

39.2

14

22

266

288

139

45

40

62

146

 

D — Slovak Children in Primary Schools (1905).

247,710 Slovak children attended primary schools.

 

Of these, 80,360 Slovaks attended schools where their language is not merely not taught, but not even used on the parrot system

„               79,415 more          ,,            ,,         ,, Slovak is used on the parrot system.

„              66,506 „            ,,            ,,         „ language of instruction is mixed Magyar and Slovak.

Only       18,312             ,,             ,,         ,, their own language was used.

Either this is a lie, or it is a European scandal.

 

E. — Generable Table showing Magyarization in the Schools and Violation of Law of Nationalities.

Section 17, xxxviii., 1868, (Law of Nationalities), pledges the State to supply instruction in the mother tongue to all its citizens, as far as the University. (See Appendix III.)

How far this important clause has been carried out may be seen from the following tables (1905-6): —

(a) Schools belonging to the State.

 

Total.

Number whose Language of Instruction is

 

 

Magyar.

Mixed.

Non-Magyar.

Slovák.

Infant schools — (a) Kindergarten

527

427

100

0

0

(6) Asiles

30

27

3

0

0

(c) Summer Asiles

25

18

7

0

0

Elementary schools.

2,045

2,044

0

1

1

Grammar schools (Bürgerliche Schulen)

138

138

0

0

0

Industrial schools

26

26

0

0

0

Commercial schools.

2

I

0

1

0

Gymnasia (classical schools)

 

 

 

 

 

(a) Complete (8 classes) .

28

27

1

0

0

(b) Incomplete.

10

10

0

0

0

Realschulen — (a) Complete.

22

22

0

0

0

(b) Incomplete

3

3

0

0

0

Theological Institutions

—

—

 —  

 —  

 —  

 

(b) Total number of Schools in Hungary.

Total.

Number whose Language oť Instruction is

 

Magyar.

Mixed.

Non-Magyar.

Slovak.

1,631

1.202

416

13

0

230

172

56

2

0

734

539

130

65

10

16,561

11,742

1,665

3,154

241

263

251

0

12

0

458

414

32

12

0

86

82

1

3

0

128

116

3

9

0

41

39

0

3

0

25

24

0

 1

0

14

12

0

 2

0

45

38

3

 4

0

 

F. Summary.

 

 

In Hungary (without Croatia).

 

Percentage of Population.

Percentage of Primary Schools

Percentage of Grammar Schools

Percentage of Commercial and Industrial Schools.

Percentage of Gymnasia

Percentage of Real Schools

Magyar

51.4

70.9

95.4

91.1

91.7

92.3

Non-Magyar

48.6

19.0

4.5

2.7

7.1

7.8

Slovak alone

11.9

1.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0


 

[1] See Das Ungarische Unterrichiswesen for 1879-80, p. 21; and Ung. Stat. Jahrb., ix. p. 321-2 ; xiv. p. 343.

[2] The lowness of this figure; is explained by the fact that so many Ruthene children do not attend school at all.