Gestione integrata delle zone costiere (GIZC)

La gestione integrata delle zone costiere (GIZC) è, secondo l’Unione Europea, una metodologia scientifica che “mira ad aggregare le varie politiche che esercitano un influsso sulle regioni costiere e si attua attraverso la pianificazione e la gestione delle risorse e dello spazio costieri”.

La gestione integrata delle zone costiere rappresenta oggi una attività complessa sulla quale occorre riversare conoscenze interdisciplinari, scienza ed adeguate risorse. La contingenza delle problematiche esistenti già oggi pone la fascia costiera in una evidente condizione di precarietà e di emergenza, ove conflitti sociali sempre più aspri caratterizzano, con sempre maggiore frequenza, i rapporti tra residenti ed organi amministrativi preposti al governo del territorio. Questo soprattutto alla luce del fatto che oggi circa un terzo della popolazione mondiale vive sulla fascia costiera e che in essa si trovano, tra l'altro, straordinarie ricchezze in termini di valori storico-culturali ed ambientali-paesaggistici. La stretta dipendenza tra territorio, costa e mare pone un altro inquietante momento di riflessione sul fatto che "il futuro del mare si gioca nella fascia costiera".

Links sulla GIZC

Coastal Guide to Europe - The Coastal Guide to Europe offers information to the visitor of coastal areas in Europe. Special attention is given to the history of the landscape, wildlife, nature and recreation areas and cultural heritage (historical cities, buildings and museums). Initial sections provide a NatureTop100 (selection of nature parks) and a Whale and Dolphin Watching Directory.

Coastal Plaza Europe: a virtual meeting and market place for key instutions working in marine and coastal zones

CoastBase: The European Virtual Coastal and Marine Data Warehouse. An open system architecture for integrated, distributed coastal and marine information search and access

COMREC - Coastal Management Resource Centre COMREC is a centre for research and education on phenomena related to coastal problems. COMREC is a co-operation between Södertörns högskola and the Department of Systems Ecology at Stockholm University.

COZONE - A research group which aims at future understanding and effective management of the coastal zone through a combination of novel field experimentation and instrument design and through laboratory and numerical modelling studies of coastal processes, hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics

CPMR Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions of Europe The CPMR's membership includes 144 regions from 26 states (EU and non-EU) that have joined trans-national co-operation networks as a way of strengthening their competitiveness

EAS European Aquaculture Society: international, non-profit association, with members in 59 countries worldwide working in any field related to aquaculture

EcoPorts Collaborative research project of more than 25 European seaports, focussing on exchange of practical information on port related environmental issues

Environment & Society Research Unit Research concerning how stakeholder participation and achievement of strategic objectives can be integrated, particularly relating to ICZM and MPAs

EUCC- The Coastal Union’s updated and newly designed homepage: Learn about EUCC’s latest projects and activities and get updated on membership services and how to get involved!

EURISLES: "European Islands System of Links and Exchanges", inter-regional co-operation network

EUROCAT: the overall goal of the EUROCAT project is the achievement of integrated catchment management and sustainable use of water resources at a catchment scale. The project aims to integrate natural and social science to link the impacts affecting the coastal sea to the human activities developed along the catchments

EurOcean: a focal point for information in Europe on marine science and technology. The EurOcean Internet portal intends to be an electronic platform of communication and information for all actors with interest in marine science and technology in Europe. One of its functions is to be the IOC regional portal for Europe. The EurOcean portal provides information in three main domains: marine research infrastructures, national and European RTD programmes

EWA European Water Association(former EWPCA European Water Pollution Control Association): a non-profit making European association promoting the advancement of water technology and dialogue with the European Commission, provides a forum for discussion of key technical and policy issues

KIMO Local Authorities International Environmental Organisation: improvement of the the North Sea, Northern Arctic, North Atlantic and Irish Sea environment

La Tene Maps: Producer of fishing areas maps, technical conservation measures charts, aquaculture maps, educational material for fisheries and aquaculture industries, species identification charts

Marine Environment Unit - SAI/JRC: aims to develop, demonstrate and validate methodologies for the use of data from space and airborne Platforms in both operational applications and scientific investigations related to the marine environment MARSAIS Project funded under the Fifth (EC) RTD Framework Programme (1998-2002), aims to design and implement a prototype generic Marine Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Analysis and Interpretation System suitable for application in the coastal zone

Paralia Nature: a multidiscplinary project that includes governments, ports, universities and expertise centres and is focussed on the proper implementation of habitat directive requirements

Paris MOU The Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control: a system of harmonized inspection procedures designed to target sub-standards ships with the main objective being their eventual elimination

Quality of Coastal Towns: Interreg IIC project, coastal councils in Belgium, Netherlands and the UK have agreed to collaborate with EUCC & North Holland in the preparation of integrated spatial planning studies, strategies and action plans for sustainable development

TERRA Coastal Zone Management : an interregional cooperation project. It is embraced by the European Union's TERRA programme

Pubblicazioni GIZC

Coastal Policy & Management:

ACOPS, (n.d.). Development and Implementation of Economic Instruments for the Protection of the Marine and Coastal Environment by Local Governments, ACOPS charter.

Archer, J., (1988). Coastal Management in the United States: A Selective Review and Summary. Narragansett, RI, Coastal Resources Center.

Ballinger, R., H. Smith, et al. (1994). The Management of the Coastal Zone of Europe. Ocean and Coastal Management 22: 45-85

Barrangán Muñoz, J. M.(1997). Medio ambiente y desarrollo en las áreas litorales: Guia práctica para la planificación y gestión integradas. Barcelona, OIKOS-TAU, 160 pp.

Beatley, T., Brower, T., et al. (1994). An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management. Washington, D.C, Island Press.

Bijvoet, L., Strating, K., Roos, H., (1991). European Coastal Conference, proceedings, Scheveningen (The Hague), The Netherlands, 19-21 November 1991, EUCC, Leiden & Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management & Fisheries, The Hague.

Boelaert-Suominen, S. and Cullinan, C., (1994). Legal and Institutional Aspects of Integrated Coastal Area Management in National Legislation, FAO.

Born, S. and Miller, A., (1988). Assessing Networked Coastal Zone Management Programmes. Coastal Management 16: 229-243.

Brady, Shipman, Martin, (1997). Coastal Zone Management, a draft policy for Ireland - Discussion document. Government of Ireland.

Bryant, D., E. Rodenburg, et al., (1996). Coastlines at Risk. An Index of Potential Development-Related Threats to Coastal Systems. Washington, D.C., WRI.

Burbridge, P., (1998). A Generic Framework for Measuring Success in Integrated Coastal Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 37(2): 175-190.

Cheltenham Countryside Commission, (1992). European Workshop on Coastal Zone Management. Held in Poole, Dorset 21-27 April 1991.

Christie, P. and White A.T., (1997). Trends in Development of Coastal Area Management in Tropical Countries: From Central to Community Organisation. Coastal Management 25: 155-181.

Chua, T., (1993). Essential Elements of Integrated Coastal Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21 (1-3)

Cican-Sain, B., (1993). Sustainable Development and Integrated Coastal Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21(1-3): 11-44.

Cican-Sain, B., (1998). Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concepts and Practices. Washington, D.C, Island Press.

Clark, J., (1992). Integrated Management of Coastal Zones, FAO.

Clark, J., (1995). Coastal Zone Management Handbook. New York, Lewis Publishers.

Clark, J., (1998). Coastal Seas. Blackwell Science.

Clark, J., (1998). Coastal Zone Planning for the New Century. Ocean and Coastal Management 37(2): 191-216.

Coastal Zone Management Act, (1994). Untitled Unites States Code. Title 16: Conservation; Chapter 33: Coastal Zone Management; Section 1453: Definitions.

Coccossis, H., (1997). Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management. ICARM Technical Reports Series No. 1. UNEP, Priorities Action programme.

Council of Europe, (1991). (Special on the Coast). Naturopa No 67. Council of Europe, Strasbourg

Council of Europe, (1998). Coastal zones - towards sustainable management. Naturopa , No 88. Council of Europe, Strasbourg.

Davos, C.A., Side, J.C., Jones, P.J.S., Siakavara, K., La Roca, F., Garcia, E., Burone, F. and Kerkhove, G. (1997). The role of Value Conflict Assessment Techniques (VALCOAST) in the formulation of implementable and effective Coastal Zone Management policies. A Report to the European Commission (DG XII-D5). Volume 1 - Main Report of the Study. Volume 2 - Appendices: (1) Case Study Reports; (2) The Research Instrument. See http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfwpej/valcoast.htm for further information.

Drees, J.M., (1997). Coastal Dunes, Recreation and Planning. Proceedings of European Seminar, Castricum, The Netherlands, EUCC, Leiden

Garcia Nova, F., Crawford, R.M.M., Diaz Barradas, (1997). The ecology and conservation of European dunes (“Sevilla Procedings”). Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.

GESAMP, (1996). The Contributions of Science to Coastal Zone Management. Rep. Stud. GESAMP, IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. 61: 66.

Gibson, J., (1993). Coastal Zone Planning Law. Marine Policy 17(2): 118-129.

Goldberg, E.D., (1994). Coastal Zone Space - Prelude to Conflict? IOC Ocean Forum I, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France, 138 pp.

Gudelis, V., Povilanskas, R. Roepstorff, A., (1995). Coastal Conservation and Management in the Baltic Region. Proceedings EUCC - WWF Conference, 3-7 May 1994, Riga - Klaipeda - Kaliningrad, EUCC Baltic Office.

Haward, M., (1995). Institutional design and policy making ‘down under’: developments in Australian and New Zealand coastal management. Ocean & Coastal Management 26: 87-117.

Healy M.G. and Doody, J.P. (eds), (1995). Directions in European coastal management. EUCC, Samara Publishing, Cardigan.

Huggett, D.J. (1998) The Role of Federal Government Intervention in Coastal Zone Planning and Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39: 33-50.

IWICM, (1996). Enhancing the Success of Integrated Coastal Management in Tropical Developing Countries: Good Practices in the Formulation, Design, and Implementation of Integrated Coastal Management Initiatives. Report of the International Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management in Tropical Developing Countries: Lessons Learned From Successes and Failures, Xiamen, China, May 1996. Quezon City, Philippines, GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution in the East Asian Seas and Coastal management Center.

Jeftic, L., Milliman, J., Sestini, G., (eds), (1992). Climate Change and the Mediterranean—Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climatic Change and Sea-Level Rise in the Mediterranean Region. Edward Arnold, London, UK, xii+673 pp.

Jones, P.S., Healy M.G. and Williams, A.T. (eds), (1996). Studies in European Coastal Management. EUCC, Samara Publishing, Cardigan.

Kay, R. and Lester, C., (1997). Benchmarking the Future Direction for Coastal Management in Australia. Coastal Management 25(3): 265-292.

Kay, R. and Alder J., (1999). Coastal Planning and Management. E & FN Spon.

Kenchington, R. and Crawford, D., (1993). On the Meaning of Integration in Coastal Zone Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21(1-3): 109-128.

Kildow, J., (1997). The Roots and Context of the Coastal Zone Movement. Coastal Management 25(3): 231-263.

Knecht, R., Cican-Sain, B., et al., (1996). Perceptions of the Performance of State Coastal Zone Management Programs in the United States. Coastal Management 24: 141-163.

Leafe, R., Pethick, J., Townend, I., (1998). Realising the benefits of shoreline management. The Geographical Journal, 164(3), 282–290.

Lefebvre, C., (1998). Coastal Conservation Policy - Guidelines for Political Actors, Programme 1998-2000. IUCN, Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy Coastal Working Group.

METAP, (1997). Assessment of Integrated Coastal Area Assessment Initiaives in the Mediterranean: Experiences from METAP and MAP (1988-1996). Split, Croatia, PAP.

Mullard, S., (1995). Towards an EU Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. European Environmental Law Review 4(January): 16-20.

National Research Council (NRC), (1995). Science, Policy and the Coast: Improving Decisionmaking. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 85 pp.

Olsen, S.B., (1993). A Learning Approach to the Management of Coastal Ecosystems: Lessons from High and Low Income Nations. Preparing to Meet the Challenges for the 21st Century: Proceedings of the World Coast Conference, Netherlands.

Olsen, S., (1993). Will Integrated Coastal Management Programs be Sustainable; the Constituency Problem. Ocean and Coastal Management 21(1-3): 201-226.

Olsen, S., Tobey, J., et al., (1998). A Common Framework for Learning from ICM Experience. Ocean and Coastal Management 37(2): 155-174.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), (1992). Recommendation of the Council on Integrated Coastal Zone Management, OECD.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), (1993). Coastal Zone Management : Integrated policies, OECD, Paris.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), (1993). Coastal Zone Management. Selected case studies, OECD, Paris.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1995). Guidelines for Aid Agencies on Global and Regional Aspects of the Development and Protection of the Marine And Coastal Environment. OECD Development Assistance Committee, Guidelines on Aid and Environment, No. 1, 51 pp.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), (1997). Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Review of Progress in Selected OECD Countries, OECD, Paris.

Penning-Rowsell, E., (1997). A General Model for Promoting the Integration of National Natural Resources Management. GeoJournal, v. 43, n. 3, pp. 247-262.

Pernetta, J., and Elder, D., (1993). Cross-sectoral, Integrated Coastal Planning: Guidelines and Principles for Coastal Area Development. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN.

Pilarcyzk, K.W. (ed), (1990). Coastal Protection. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 500 pp.

Post, J. and Lundin, G. (eds), (1996). Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series. Washington, D.C., The World Bank.

Rigg, K., Salman, A., et al., (1997). Threats and opportunities in the coastal areas of the European Union: A scoping study. The Netherlands, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment.

RIKZ. 1998. Report of the Transdisciplinary Euroconference on Coastal Management Research, San Feliu de Guixols, Spain, 6-10 December 1997. RIKZ, 100pp.

Salman, A., Berends H., Bonazountas M. (eds), (1995). Coastal management and habitat conservation. Vol. I: Proceedings of the 4th EUCC Congress, Marathon, Greece, April, 1993. EUCC, Leiden.

Salman, A., Langeveld, M.J., Bonazountas M. (eds), (1996). Coastal management and habitat conservation. Vol. II: Proceedings of the 4th EUCC Congress, Marathon, Greece, April, 1993. EUCC, Leiden.

Scura, L., Chua, T.E., et al., (1992). Lessons for Integrated Coastal Zone Management: The ASEAN Experience. Integrative framework and methods for coastal area management. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 37. T.E. Chua and L. Scura: 169.

Sorensen, J. and McCreary, S., (1990). Institutional Arrangements for Managing Coastal Resources and Environments, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior & USAID.

Sorensen, J., (1993). The International Proliferation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Efforts. Ocean and Coastal Management 21(1-3): 45-80.

Sorensen, J., (1997). National and International Efforts at Integrated Coastal Management: Definitions, Achievement, and Lessons. Coastal Management 25: 3-41.

Steers, A.J., (1969). Protection of coastal areas. European Information Centre for Nature Conservation, Strasbourg.

Suman, D., (1997). The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A Case Study of an Innovative Federal-State Partnership in Marine Resource Management. Coastal Management. Vol. 25, No. 3, PP. 293-324.

Symes, D. (1998) The Integration of Fisheries Management and Marine Wildlife Conservation. JNCC Report No. 287. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Tol, R., Klein, R., Jansen, H., Verbruggen, H., (1996). Some economic considerations on the importance of pro-active integrated coastal zone management. Ocean & Coastal Management, v. 32, n. 1, pp.39-55.

Turner, R.K. and Adger, W.N., (1996). Coastal Zone Resources Assessment Guidelines. LOICZ Reports and Studies No. 4, IGBP/LOICZ, Texel, The Netherlands, iv+101 pp.

Turner, R.K., Adger, W.N., Lorenzoni, I., (1998). Towards Integrated Modelling and Analysis in Coastal Zones: Principles and Practices. LOICZ Reports and Studies No. 11, IGBP/LOICZ, Texel, The Netherlands, iii+122 pp.

UNEP, (1995). Guidelines for Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Areas - with special reference to the Mediterranean Basin. Split, Croatia, PAP/RAC.

UNEP, (1996). Guidelines for Integrated Planning Management of Coastal and Marine Areas in the Wider Caribbean Region. UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme, Kingston, Jamaica. 141 pp.

UNEP, (1997). Coastal Tourism in the Wider Caribbean Region: Impacts and Best Management Practices. CEP Technical Report No. 38. UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme, Kingston, Jamaica. 84 pp.

UNESCO, (1993). Coasts - managing complex systems. Environment Development Briefs.

UNESCO, (1997). Methodological Guide to Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides, no. 36.

Uljee I., Engelen G., White R., (1996). RamCo -Demo Guide - Version 1.0. Work-document CZM-C 96.08, Coastal Zone Management Centre, The Netherlands, pp. 63.

Vallega, A., (1992). Sea Management - A Theoretical Approach. Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 259.

Vallega, A., (1999). Fundamentals of Integrated Coastal Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 264.

Van der Meulen, F., and de Haes, U., (1996). Nature Conservation and Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe: Present and Future. Landscape and Urban Planning 34: 401-410.

Van der Meulen, F., Jungerius, P.D., Visser, J. (eds), (1989). Perspectives in Coastal Dune Management. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.

Van der Wiede, J., (1993). A Systems View of Integrated Coastal Management. Ocean and Coastal Management 21(1-3): 129-148.

Von Alt, C., De Luca, M.P., Glenn, S.M., Grassle, J.F., Haidvogel, D.B., (1997). LEO-15: Monitoring & Managing Coastal Resources. Sea Technology, v. 38, n. 8, pp. 10-16.

Welp, M. (1999) Defining integrated coastal zone management for the Baltic Sea Region. In Hedegaard, L. & Lindström, B. (eds.) The NEBI Yearbook 1999: North European and Baltic Sea Integration. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 491 p. 101-119 (ISBN 3-540-66407-6).

Welp, M. (2000) Planning practice on three Island biosphere reserves in Estonia, Finland and Germany: a comparative study. INSULA (International Scientific Council for Island Development), UNESCO-MAB, Paris. 254 p. (ISBN: 84-923966-6-0).

World Coast 2000, (1993). Preparing to meet the coastal challenges of the 21st century. Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 5th November 1993.

Country Specific:

Albania

Tekke, R.M.H., (1996). Management of Coastal Lagoons in Albania. Proceedings of an International Seminar, Tirana, 29th May – 4th June 1994. EUCC, Leiden.

Denmark

Anker, H., Nelleman, V., et al., (1998). Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Denmark - Ways and Means for Further Integration. "Preparing the Future" The European Spatial Development Perspective and the Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Management, October 1998, Göteborg, Sweden.

Ministry of Environment and Energy, (1997). Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone of Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Spatial Planning Department.

Ovesen, C.L and Vestergaard, P. (eds), (1992). Danish dunes - monitoring, management and research. Report from a seminar in Northern Jutland, 25th – 27th May 1992. Ministry of the Environment, the National Forest and Nature Agency, Copenhagen.

Ovesen, C.L., (1998). Coastal Dunes - management, protection and research. EUCC Seminar, 19th-22nd August 1997, Skagen, Denmark. National Forest and nature Agency and the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.

Worm, K., (1998). Coastal Zone Planning in Denmark. Ocean and Coastal Management 37(2): 253- 268.

France

Bonnot, Y., (1994). Pour une Politique Globale et Coherente du Littoral en France.

Guillot, S. and Rousseau, M., (1998). Recensement des constraintes juridiques et outils de gestion qui interviennent dans le perimetre du programme TERRA-Symphonie: Problematiques en cours, Conseil General de la Gironde.

Ireland

BSM, (1997). Coastal Zone Management: A Draft Policy for Ireland. Dublin, Government of Ireland.

Marine Institute, (1996). Towards a Marine Policy for Ireland. Dublin, Marine Institute.

Italy

Capobianco, M. and Furlanetto, L., (1996). Impact of Climatic Change on Po Delta. The Normative Aspects Regulating Land Use and Socio-Economic Changes. MEDDALT Final Workshop, Venezia, Italy, October 2-6.

Cencini, C., Marchi, M., Torresani, S., Varani, L., (1988). The impact of tourism on Italian deltic coastlands: four case studies. Ocean & Shoreline Management, 11, 353-374.

Cencini, C. and Varani, L., (1989). Degradation of coastal dune systems through anthropogenic action. In Coastlines of Italy. Ed. Paolo Fabri. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 55-69.

Netherlands

Keokebakker, P. and Peet, G., (1987). Coastal Zone Planning and Management in the Netherlands. Coastal Management 15: 121-134.

Van Alphen, J., (1995). The Voordelta Integrated Policy Plan: Administrative Aspects of Coastal Zone Management in the Netherlands. Ocean and Coastal Management 26(2): 133-150.

Van Dijk, H., (1994). Integrated Management and Conservation of Dutch Coastal Areas: Premises, Practice and Solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29(6-12): 609-616.

Verhagen, H.J., (1989). Sand waves along the Dutch coast. Coastal Engineering, v. 13, n. 2, pp. 129-147.

Norway

Bennett, R., (1996). Challenges in Norwegian Coastal Zone Planning. Geojournal 39(2): 153-165.

Portugal

Ferreira Marques, J., (1991). Portugal. Naturopa 67: 22-23.

Spain

Barragan-Munoz, J., (n.d.). Planning and Management in the Coastal Zone in Spain. Coastline: 28-30.

Montoya, F., (1991). An Administrative Regulation Pattern of Coastal Management for Mediterranean Sea: Spanish Shores Act 1988. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23: 769-771.

Sweden

Ackerfors, H. and Grip, K., (1995). The Swedish Model for Coastal Zone Management. Stockholm, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.

United Kingdom

Ballinger, R., (1997). Coastal Management in Wales: Looking to the Future. Cardiff, University of Wales, Countryside Council for Wales.

Bayliss R., et al, (1998). Participation Techniques in Coastal Zone Management - Case Study of Dorset, Devon and Cornwall.

Countryside Council for Wales, (1996). Seas, Shores and Coastal Areas: Maritime Policy. Bangor, Countryside Council for Wales.

Department of the Environment, (1992). Coastal zone protection and planning: the Government’s response to the second report from the House of Commons Select Committee on the Environment, Cm 2011, London: HMSO.

Department of the Environment, (1993). Development Below Low Water Mark: A Review of Legislation in England and Wales. UK, Department of the Environment and Welsh Office.

Department of the Environment, (1995). Policy Guidelines for the Coast. UK, Department of the Environment.

Department of the Environment, (1996). Coastal Zone Management - Towards Best Practice. UK, Department of the Environment.

Edwards, S.D., Jones, P.J.S. and Nowell, D.E. (1997). Participation in coastal zone management initiatives: a review and analysis of examples from the UK. Ocean and Coastal Management 36(1-3), pp 143-165 See http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfwpej/cpuk97.htm for abstract.

Environment Service, (1995). Delivering Coastal Management in Northern Ireland: A Consultation Paper. Belfast, Northern Ireland, Environment Service.

House of Commons Environment Committee, (1992). Coastal zone protection and planning, Second Report, HC (1991-92) 17, London: HMSO.

Jemmett, A, K. Keneddy, D. Maters, & R. Witt. (1999). Towards Sustainable Estuary Management. English Nature Research Reports No. 329, English Nature, Peterborough.

Lee, E., (1993). Coastal Planning and Management: A Review prepared by Rendel Geotechnics for the Department of the Environment. London, HMSO.

Local Government Management Board (LGMB-UK), (1995). ‘Community Participation’, and ‘Action on the Coast’.

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Welsh Office, Association of District Councils, English Nature, and National Rivers Authority, (1995). Shoreline Management Plans—A Guide for Coastal Defence Authorities. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 24 pp.

Steers, J.A., (1973). The coastline of Scotland. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Steers, J.A., (1969). The coastline of England and Wales. 2nd ed. Cambridge. At the University Press.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC) Documents:

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), DG XII, MAST and IOC/IODE, (1993). Manual of Quality Control Procedures for validation of Oceanographic Data. UNESCO Manual and Guides n. 26, 436 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1995). An Energy Policy for the European Union, White Paper. (COM-95-682). 47 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1995). (COM-95-511) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the Integrated Management of Coastal Zones. 35 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1996). COM (96) 511 final, Brussels, 4.12.1996.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1996). Communication from the Commission - Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy. Green Paper for a Community Strategy, (COM-96-576). 48 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), DGXVII, (1996). European Energy to 2020: a Scenario Approach. 120 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), DGXIII, (1996). Towards a European Policy Framework for Geographic Information - A Working Document. November, 1996.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), DGXVI, (1997). European Spatial Development Perspective – First Official Draft. 72 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1998). Amended Proposal for a Council Directive establishing a framework for Community action in the field of Water Policy, (COM-98-76-final). 57 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1998). Communication from the Commission to the European Council. Partnership for Integration - A Strategy for Integrating Environment into European Union Policies. 10 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1998). Communication from the Commission to the European Council. The Future for the Market in Fisheries Products in the European Union: Responsibility, Partnership and Competitiveness. 22 pp.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1999). Towards a European Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Strategy - General Principles and Policy Options, CEC, Luxembourg.

Commission of the European Communities (CEC), (1999). Lessons from the European Commission's Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), CEC, Luxembourg.

CORINE. (1998) Coastal Erosion Database. CEC, Luxembourg, 79pp plus maps.

Eurostat (1999). Towards Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU. CEC, Luxembourg, 181pp

Coastal Science:

Barnes, R.S.K. (ed), (1977). The coastline. John Wiley & Sons, London.

Bird, E.C.F., (1984). Coasts - an introduction to coastal geomorphology. 3rd Edition, Basil Blackwell.

Bird, E.C.F. and Schwartz, M.L., (eds). (1985). The Worlds coastlines. Van Nortrand Rheinhold, New York.

Boesch, D.F., Josselyn, M.N., et al., (1994). Scientific assessment of coastal wetland loss, restoration and management in Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research, special issue #20.

Bolsius, E.C.A., Clark, G., Groenendijk, J.G. (eds), (1993). The Retreat. Rural Land-use and European Agriculture. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Amsterdam, pp. 170.

Bondesan, M., Castiglioni, G.B., et al., (1995). Coastal Areas at Risk from Storm Surges and Sea-level Rise in Northeastern Italy. J. of Coastal Research, v. 11, n. 4, pp. 1354-1379.

Capobianco, M., (1998). Predictability for Long-term Coastal Evolution - Handling the Limiting Factors. In Proc. 3rd Marine Science and Technology Conf., 23-27 May, Lisbon, Portugual.

Carter, R.W.G., (1988). Coastal environments. An introduction to the physical, ecological and cultural systems of coastlines. Academic Press, London.

Carter, R.W.G., Curtis, T.G.F., Sheehy-Skeffington, M.J., (eds), (1992). Coastal Dunes. Geomorphology, ecology and management for conservation. Proceedings of the third European dune congress Galway, Ireland, 17-21 June 1991. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Carter, R.W.G. and Woodroffe, C.D., (1994). Coastal Evolution - Late Quaternary shoreline morphodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Chapman, V.J., (1976). Coastal vegetation. 2nd ed. Oxford, Pergamon.

Garbuglia, E., Berti, D., Capobianco, M., (1994). Marine Science: Prospective and Technological Needs for the year 2000 and Beyond. Oceanology International '94, Brighton, U.K., March 8-11.

GESAMP, (1996). The Contributions of Science to Coastal Zone Management. Rep. Stud. GESAMP, IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. 61: 66.

Larson, R., Morang, A., Gorman, L., (1997). Monitoring the coastal environment; part II: sediment sampling and geotechnical methods. Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, n.2, pp. 308–330.

Mayer, T. and d'Ozouville, L., (1998). Europe's Grand Challenge: Achieving Coordination in Marine Research. Ocean Challenge 8(2): 20-21.

Mitsch, W.J. and Reeder, B.C., (1991). Modelling nutrient retention of a freshwater coastal wetland: estimating the roles of primary productivity, sedimentation, resuspension and hydrology. Ecological Modelling 54, pp. 151-187.

Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G., (1993). Wetlands. 2nd Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Morang, A., Larson, R., Gorman, L., (1997). Monitoring the Coastal Environment; Part I: Waves and Currents. Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 111-133.

Morang, A., Larson, R., Gorman, L., (1997). Monitoring the coastal environment; Part III: geophysical and research methods. Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, n. 4, pp. 1064–1085.

Nordstrom, K.F., (1992). Estuarine beaches. Elsivier Applied Science, London.

Nordstrom, K.F. and Roman, C.T., (1996). Estuarine Shores - Evolution, Environments and Human Activities. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Odum, H.T., (1983, 1993). Systems Ecology (reprinted as Ecological and General Systems). Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO, 644 pp.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1997). The Evaluation of Scientific Research: Selected Experiences Report, OCDE/GD(97)194. 112 pp.

Science and Technology Awareness Network (STAN), (1998). Planning and Implementing Science Awareness Activities. Centre for Marine Geology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, 90 pp.

Steers, J.A., (1969). The sea coast. 4th ed. London, Collins. New Naturalist Series No. 25.

Verrone, (1996). Sea level in the Mediterranean: a first step towards separating crustal movements and absolute sea-level variations. Global and Planetary Change, v. 14, n. 1–2, pp. 1-48.

Woods H., Dahlin L., Droppert M., Glass S., Vallerga S., Flemming N.C., (1996). The Strategy for EuroGOOS. EuroGOOS Pub. No. 1, Southampton Oceanography Center, Southampton.

Coastal Technology:

Aarninkhof, S.G.J. and Holman, R.A., (1999). Argus video-based monitoring of the nearshore zone: A tool for both nearshore science and coastal zone management. In: Backscatter, The magazine of aquatic remote sensing. V. 10, N. 2, May 1999. The Alliance for marine remote sensing (AMRS), Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada [in press].

ACRI, CARMEL, GKSS, MARNET, MEDIAS, CLS, EUROCOAST, (1995). Collect User Requirements from an Experimental User Community on Coastal Zone. Final Report, CEO Pathfinder Study on Coastal Zone, DGXII-JCR, 152 pp. +Ann.

Atkinson, J.F., Gupta, S.K., DePinto, J.V., Rumer, R.R., (1998). Linking Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Models with Different Scales, Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 124, n. 5, pp. 399-408.

Atturio, J.M. (ed), (1997). State of Technology Report-Ocean and Coastal Engineering Division, MTS Journal, v. 31, n.2, pp. 36–49.

Banks, R. and James, C., (1998). Fisheries Offences - The Rationale, The Perspectives and Control Options, EEZ Technology, ICG Publishing n. 3, London, pp. 193-199

Bauer, B.O., Davidson-Arnott, G.D., Nordstrom, K.F., Ollerhead, J., Jackson, N.L., (1996). Indeterminacy in Aeolian Sediment Transport Across Beaches. J. of Coastal Research, v. 12, n. 3, pp. 641-653.

Bijlsma, L., Ehler, C.N., Klein, R.J.T., et al., (1996). Coastal zones and small islands. In: Climate Change 1995—Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 289–324.

Bosman, J., Flemming, N.C., Holden, N., Taylor, K., (1998). The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Survey, EuroGOOS Pub. No. 4, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton. ISBN 0-904175-29-4.

Brimicombe, A.J., (1992). Flood Risk Assessment Using Spatial Decision Support Systems. Simulation, December 1992, pp.379-380.

Burrough, P.A., (1989). Principles of Geographic Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Cakiroylu, C., Yurteri, C., (1998). Methodology for Predicting Cooling Water Effects on Fish, Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 124, n. 7, pp. 612-618.

Capobianco, M. and Otter H.S., (1996). Modelling Land-use and Land-cover Changes in Deltaic Areas. Int. Workshop on the State-of-the-Art of ICZM in the Mediterranean and Black Sea: Immediate Needs for Research, Education & Training, & Implementation, Iberotel Sarigerme Park, Turkey, November 2-5

Capobianco, M. and Stive, M.J.F., (1997). Soft Protection Technologies as a Tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. MEDCOAST '97, Malta, November 11-14

Capobianco, M., (1998). Discussion Document on EIA&ICZM. Tecnomare Report 636A0753-RAP-D100-004.

Capobianco, M., (1998). Discussion Document on "Fundamentals" for ICZM. Tecnomare Report 636A0753-RAP-A200-002.

Capobianco, M., (1998). Peculiarities of the Coastal Zone. Tecnomare Report 636A0753-RAP-A200-001.

Capobianco, M., (1998). Twenty Questions on ICZM. Tecnomare Report 636A0753-RAP-D100-003.

Capobianco, M, Hde Vriend, .J., Nicholls, R.J., Stive, M.J.F., (1999). Coastal area impact and vulnerability assessment: a morphodynamic modeller’s point of view. Journal of Coastal Research, in press.

Capobianco, M., (1999). The Role and Use of GIS in relation to ICZM. Tecnomare Report 636A0753-RAP-D100-006.

Cervantes M., (1998). Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology: An Overview. STI Review No. 23, OECD, Paris, 12 pp.

Chao, P.T. and Hobbs, B.F., (1997). Decision analysis of shoreline protection under climate change uncertainty. Water Resources Research, 33(4), 817–829.

Colecchia A. and Papaconstantinou G., (1996). The Evolution of Skills in OECD Countries and the Role of Technology. STI Working Papers, No. 8, OCDE/GD(96)183, OECD, Paris, 36 pp.

Committee on Beach Nourishment and Protection (CBNP), (1995). Beach Nourishment and Protection. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 334 pp.

Costanza, R., Sklar, F.H., White, M.L., (1990). Modelling Coastal Landscape Dynamics. BioScience, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 91-107.

Costanza, R., Wainger, L., Folke, C., Mäler, K.G., (1993). Modelling Complex Ecological Economic Systems. BioScience, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 545-555.

Costanza, R. and Ruth, M., (1997). Using Dynamic Modeling to Scope Environmental Problems and Build Consensus. Environmental Management,Vol. 22, pp. 183-196.

Crout, R.L., (1997). Coastal Currents from Satellite Altimetry. Sea Technology, v. 38, n. 8, pp. 33-37.

Davison, T.A., Ulrich C.P., Nicholls R.J., (1993). Accreditation of Beach Nourishment projects: An Issues Discussion, Shore & Beach. J. of American Shore & Beach Preservation Association, v. 61, n. 4, pp. 9-15.

Delft Hydraulics, (1987). Manual on Artificial Beach Nourishment. Centre for Civil Engineering Research Report No. 130, Rijkswaterstaat, The Hague, The Netherlands, 195 pp.

De Vriend, H.J., Capobianco, M., Latteux, B., Chesher, T., Stive, M.J.F., (1993). Long-Term Modelling of Coastal Morphology: A Review. In: H.J. de Vriend (ed), Coastal Morphodynamics: Processes and Modelling. Coastal Eng., v. 21, pp. 225-269.

De Vriend, H.J., (1996). Mathematical Modelling of Meso-tidal Barrier Island Coasts, Part I: Empirical and Semi-empirical Models. In: P.L.F. Liu (ed), Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 2, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore.

DOD, (1994). Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide - Second Edition. Environmental Technology Transfer Committee, 597 pp.

ECOPRO, (1996). Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection - Code of Practice, Government Publications, Dublin, 320 pp.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1996). Treasured Waters: Protecting Our Coastal And Marine Resources, EPA/842/B-96/001, Office of Water.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1997). Environmental Technology Verification Program - Verification Strategy, EPA/600/K-96/003.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1997). Identification of Pollution Prevention (P2) Technologies for Possible Inclusion in Enforcement Agreements Using Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) and Injunctive Relief. Environmental Protection Agency Publ. No. 300-R-97-001, 61 pp. + ann.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1997). Reducing Risks from Waste, EPA530-k-97-04. 41 pp.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1998). EPA’s Contaminated Sediment Management Strategy, Office of Water, EPA-823-R-98-001, 100 pp. + xiv.

ESA, (1995). Coastal Zone Earth Workshops, ESTEC 28, 29-03-95, ESRIN 5, 6-4-95, Workshop for the Definition of ENVISAT Coastal Zone Mission, ESA, Paris.

Essaid, H.I., (1990). A multilayered sharp interface model of coupled freshwater and saltwater flow in coastal systems: model development and application. Water Resources Research, v. 26, n. 7, pp. 1431-1454.

European Environment Agency (EEA), (1998). Framework on Integrated Models and Indicators for European Coastal Zone Management. European Environment Agency. European Topic Centre on Marine and Coastal Environment. February 1998.

Fankhauser, S., (1995). Protection versus Retreat: the Economic Cost of Sea Level Rise. Environment and Planning, v. 27, pp. 299-319.

Farinha J.C., Costa L., Zalidis G., Matzavelas A., Fitoka E., Hecher N., Tomàas Vives P., (1996). Mediterranean Wetland Inventory: Habitat Description System. MedWet/Instituo da Conservacao da Naturaleza (ICN)/Wetlands International/Greek Biotope/Wetland Center.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), (1994). Mitigation of Flood and Erosion Damage to Residential Buildings in Coastal Areas. FEMA-257, Mitigation Directorate, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.

Funnell, C., (1998). Europe’s ocean industry must be ready for the EC’s FP5. International Ocean Systems Design, 2(1), 15–18.

Funtowicz, S.O. and Ravetz, J.R., (1995). Planning and Decision Making in an Uncertain World: the Challenge of Post-Normal Science, in: Natural Risk and Civil Protection, Horlick-Jones T., A. Amendola and R. Casale (eds), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 554.

Georges, T.M. and Harlan, J.A., (1994). Military over-the-horizon radars turn to ocean monitoring. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 27, 4, pp. 31-38.

Georges, T.M., Harlan, J.A., Leben, R. R., Lematta, R. A., (1998). A Test of Ocean Surface-Current Mapping with Over-the-Horizon Radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 36(1), pp. 101-110

Gorman, L., A. Morang, Larson, R., (1998). Monitoring the coastal environment; part IV: mapping, shoreline changes, and bathymetric analysis. Journal of Coastal Research, 14(1), 61–92.

Heaton G.R., Banks R.D., Ditz, D.W., (1994). Missing Links: Technology and Environmental Improvement in the Industrialising World, World Resources Institute, 51 pp.

International Institute for Sustainable, Development, (1996). Global green standards: ISO 14000 and sustainable development, 106 pp.

International Organization for Standardization, (1995). Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques, ISO/DIS 14004, Geneva, 45 pp.

International Organization for Standardization, (1995). Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use, ISO/DIS 14001, Geneva, 22 pp.

IOC, (1995). International Training Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management Workshop Report No. 120, UNESCO, 74 pp.

IOC, (1997). GOOS Coastal Module Planning Workshop Report, Workshop Report No. 131, UNESCO, 57 pp.

IPCC CZMS, (1992). A common methodology for assessing vulnerability to sea-level rise - second revision. In: Global Climate Change and the Rising Challenge of the Sea. Report of the Coastal Zone Management Subgroup, Response Strategies Working Group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, The Hague, The Netherlands, Appendix C, 27 pp.

Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (1994). Il Fiume e la sua Terra. Atti del Convegno di Studi, Rovigo, 27-28 Settembre, 1991, pp. 234.

Jones, A.R., (1995). GIS in coastal management: a progress review. In: CoastGIS ’95 [Furness, R. (ed.)]. Proceedings of the International Symposium on GIS and Computer Mapping for Coastal Zone Management, Cork, Ireland, 3–5 February 1995, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, pp. 165–178.

Klein, R.J.T. and Nicholls, R.J., (1999). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change. Ambio, in press.

Leick, A., (1995). GPS Satellite Surveying. 2nd. ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Lillycrop, W.J. and Estep, L.L., (1995). Generational advancements in coastal surveying, mapping. Sea Technology, v. 36, n. 6, pp. 10–16.

Maglia, S. and Santoloci, M., (1996). Il Codice dell'Ambiente, Casa Editrice la Tribuna, Piacenza, pp. 2431.

Martuccelli, A.M., (1994). Il Ruolo della Bonifica per la Costruzione, Tutela e Gestione del Territorio Polesano. in "Il Fiume e la sua Terra. Tutela e Gestione del Territorio a Quarant’Anni dall’Alluvione del Polesine. 1951-1991. Atti del Convegno di Studi.

Merrifield, D.B., (1990). Industrial competitiveness. In: Technology Commercialization and Competitiveness. IC2 Institute, University of Texas, Austin, TX, pp. 23–29.

National Research Council (NRC), (1987). Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications. National Acad-emy Press, Washington, DC, 148 pp.

National Research Council (NRC), (1990). Managing Coastal Erosion. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 522 pp.

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), (1995). Bridge to a Sustainable Future. Interagency Environmental Technologies Office, Washington, DC, vi+87 pp.

Nicholls, R.J. and Branson, J., (eds), (1998). Enhancing coastal resilience - planning for an uncertain future. The Geographical Journal, v. 3, n. 164, pp. 255–343.

Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), U.S., (1995). Renewing Our Energy Future, OTA Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Reports, 300 pp.

O’Regan, P.R., (1996). The use of contemporary information technologies for coastal research and management—a review. Journal of Coastal Research, v. 12, n. 1, pp. 192–204.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1995). Technology and Environment - Policies to Promote Technologies for Cleaner Production and Products: Guide for Government Self-Assessment, Report OCDE/GD(95)21. 48 pp.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1996). Technology, Productivity and Job Creation. OECD Publication, Paris 35 pp.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1997). Information Technology Outlook. OECD Publication, Paris, 234 pp.

Parson, L.E., Lillycrop, W.J., Klein, C.J., Ives, R.C., Orlando, S.P., (1996). Use of Lidar Technology for collecting Shallow Bathymetry of Florida Bay. Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 13, No. 4.

Penning-Rowsell E., Green, C.H., Thompson, P.M., et al., (1992). The Eco-nomics of Coastal Management - A Manual of Benefit Assessment Techniques. Belhaven Press, London, UK, 140 pp.

Penning-Rowsell, E., Winchester, P., Gardiner, G., (1998). New approaches to sustainable hazard man

Mintzberg, H., (1994). The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. Prentice Hall.

Odum, W., (1982). Environmental Degradation and the Tyranny of Small Decisions. Bioscience 32(9): 728-729.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (1992). Good Practices for Environmental Impact Assessment of Development Projects. OECD Development Assistance Committee, Guidelines on Aid and Environment, No. 1, 15 pp.

Rautalahti-Miettinen, E., Ripatti, V., (1998). Development of Environmental Awareness. Workshop on Education and Learning for Sustainable Consumption, 14-15 September, OECD Headquarters, Paris.

Smith, L.G., (1993). Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management, Longman.

United Nations, (1992). Agenda 21: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio. New York, United Nations.

Wilcox, D., (1994). The Guide to Effective Public Participation.