The Grammar Doctor

Apostrophes

Apostrophes are used to indicate the possessive forms of nouns and indefinite pronouns; contractions; and the plurals of letters, abbreviations, and numbers. Except for plurals of letters, abbreviations, and numbers, it is incorrect and confusing to use apostrophes with plurals that are not possessives.

Possessives

To form the possessive of nouns ending in a letter other than s, add 's.:

To form the possessive of singular nouns ending in s, you may either add 's or add only the apostrophe, whichever sounds the least awkward:

Contractions

Apostrophes are used to show omitted letters in contractions:

Plurals of letters, abbreviations, and numbers

To avoid possible confusion, you need an apostrophe with the plural of lower case letters. Otherwise plurals of some letters (a,i, or u, for example) would look like words.

There are too many s's and too many i's in Mississippi.

The plurals of capital letters may be formed with or without apostrophes, but we need an apostrophe if there is a possibility of confusion.

CONFUSING: As on a report card are wonderful.

CLEAR: A's on a report card are wonderful.

To form the plural of abbreviations or numbers, we can use an apostrophe or not. It is our choice as long as we are consistent within a particular piece of writing.

apostrophe quiz


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