Matter and Energy

Matter: anything with mass and volume

this is a table of all the properties of matter

Property	Description	Example
Electrical conductivity	Ability to carry electricity	Copper is a good electrical conductor, so it is used in wiring
Heat Conductivity	Ability to transfer energy as heat	Aluminum is a good heat conductor, so it is used to make pots and pans
Density	Mass-to-volume ratio of a substance; measure of how tightly matter is “packed”	Lead is a very dense material, so it is used to make sinkers for fishing line
Melting point	Temperature at which a solid changes state to become a liquid	Ice melts to liquid water at the melting point of water
Boiling point	Temperature at which a liquid boils and changes state to become a gas at a given pressure	Liquid water becomes water vapor at the boiling point of water
Index of refraction	Extent to which a given material bends light passing through it	The index of refraction of water tells you how much light slows and bends as it passes through water
Malleability	Ability to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets	Silver is quite malleable, so it is used to make jewelry
Ductility	Ability to be drawn into a thin wire	Tantalum is a ductile metal, so it is used to make fine dental tools

there are also other properties besides the ones up there, there are: color, mass, volume, texture, transparency, flammability, and taste.

there are three different states of matter they are: solid, liquid, and gas.

solid: has a fixed volume and shape.

liquid: has fixed volume but variable in shape.

Gases: has no fixed volume nor does it have a fixed shape.

chemical properties: it is the type of behavior or how it reacts.

How does matter and energy interact?

Kinetic energy: energy that moving objects posses by virtue of their motion

KE= 1/2 (mass)(velocity)2

potential energy: energy an object possesses because of its position.

E=mc2 this is Albert Einstein equation of the 3rd fundamental type of energy.

Law of conservation of energy: the observed fact that in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor is it destroyed.

endothermic change: a physical or chemical change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings.

exothermic change: a physical or chemical change in which energy is released by a system to its surroundings

pure substance: matter composed of only one kind of atom or molecule.

mixture: a collection of two or more pure substances physically mixed together.

Mixtures

homogeneous mixture: mixture containing substances that are uniformly distributed

heterogenous mixture: mixture containing substances that are not evenly distributed

phase: any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties.

Pure substances:

elements: they contain only one kind of atom.

Compounds: pure substances composed of two or more different elements.