Same-Sex Love and the path to wholeness ed by R Hopcke etal Johnson: traditional Hindu is married twice in life - in late boyhood makes blood-brother pact with buddy, and to bride -96 kinds of love including bargaining relation -Leda's twins Castor and Helen sired by husband, and Pollux and Clytemnestra by Zeus. Castor and Pollux blood brothers. Castor killed and Zeus first lets them spend alternate days in heaven and hell, finally puts them in sky as Gemini in perpetual embrace. (metaphor for pattern of twin archetype bonding (mortal side of relation dies, then upheaval until grace lets them transcend into sublime relationship of higher c -> immortality) -a la Holy Grail (Fisher King wounded and muslim twin slain to be saved only by re-enactment through fool and analysis) -feeling function wounded in man, so superior function in West is thinking with sensation in accompaniment (inferior fn feeling and intuition) -torture to be in presence of beauty and not be able to take it in which is our Western dilemma Roscoe: - m youth figures in mythology deputies to goddesses Jung considered examples of divine child archetype that in the individuation process anticipates synthesis of c/u elements, mediator, healer. Hermaphrodite. Teich: m-m union in Jung - monoculus or Union of Same in alchemy -neoJungian Walker says male 'double' is archetype of psyche of equal importance to anima (not just shadow) -in Jung moon-man of myth confused with anima -in myth solar/lunar m twins, also Romulus/Remus, Jacob/Esau, Hercules/Iphilcles -> twins deep in -earlier civs solar/lunar f/m Beebe: -sacredness of homos reality attracts us to Jungian theory -homos bonding normal part of initiation but permanent homos choice indicates fixation at immature stage; cannot find anima within, separate from mother archetype, and since f soul to connect him to his depths is absent, does not individuate (Jung) vs -there can be anima separate from mother archetype, which undergoes developmental process that deepens inner relation to his homos and outer relationships. It's more a questin of willingness to shed conventions and values of parents to allow anima to develop. Getting stuck at earlier level in classic mother complex is problem for gay/straight -not necessary to discard Jung's anima as inappropriate to gays a la Walker -carrying opposites of Self and Society within creates peculiar c in homos: first looks to secure himself in hostile society, second looks to find source of nuture Wirth: in gay m anima develops precociously; innate f gift makes for lagging of assimilation of m elements -rather than simple causal link between dev of m homos and mother as close-binding, seductive etc, maybe his f giftedness and precocious anima dev makes gay boy c and u draw closer to mother for mirroring of his f -mother complex may mean highly dev Eros, great capacity for friendship, aesthetic dev, teaching ability from f insight and tact, deep religious feeling and spiritual receptivity (Jung) -physical or outer signs of gay: love of home, caring gesture, playful spirit, voice tone, touch, joy in sharing; lives in world of fantasy, illusion, laughter, emotion, loneliness, sexuality shrivelled or project into the other man -self-destructiveness means his true f soul never found safe conditions in which to thrive -active male partners represent lost masculinity, which they enjoy in identification with him (Anna Freud) -gay son masochistically carries burden of gestating and incubating his father's unborn f c. U takes up task of living out father's unrealized anima -if acquires true-f and true-m self-elements then can enter close relationship with another man -heteros m dev follows more linear pattern of initiation to higher stage vs homos cyclical initiation during one period focusing more on refining his f aspect, during another period being more concerned with m identity. He must separate f and m strand of his makeup, to differentiate these and individuate himself out of u hermaphroditic blur Sandner: anima = soul but not soul of Sunday sermons -originator of personal love (Eros) of all kinds -u projects onto other persons -> falling in love -split anima - dominant (unintegrated mother) and wounded -role of anima to bring about union resolving paradoxes of androgyny toward realization of the Self, either outwardly in marriage or internally in inner ecstatic states. To reach these states one must work through shadow and negative anima complexes Joseph Henderson: if homos patient meets conflict of opposites (m/f) and works with them by separating them, so he feels tension between them, and acknowledges both sides, then person becomes mature (Jung) -hard for homos or heteros m to introvert anima and not keep projecting it [but twin archetype in tandem with anima feels better!] Bosnak: taboo surrounds creative realms of primordial power. Same-sex has powerful taboo => potential mana, creative energy that can burn to ashes - love for the sake of love Jung, Jungians and Homosexuality Jung: 1/ soul image is not projected (in homos) but remains with the subject, resulting in an identification with the soul because the subject is then convinced that the way he relates to his inner processes is his real character. Thus the persons (outer masculinity) [and/or shadow?] being unconcsious, will be projected on a person of the same sex. This leads to a lack of relatedness, because identification with the soul (anima) (as opposed to the persona) produces an attitude predominantly oriented to the perception of inner processes, and the object is deprived of its determining power. The carrier of this m projection possesses something essential and irresistible, specifically, that part of an outward m identity that has been 'thrown away' because of an identification with his inner f side. 2/ incomplete detachment from the hermaphroditic archetype, a distinct resistance to identify with the role of a one-sided sexual being -bad if refuge in primal symbiosis defending against painful differentiation of feelings and identity required by individuation -good if embodied sign of psychological and emotional integration, evidence that one has acquired a true and constant inner self, an ability to respond to men or women on any level without threat to one's soul -if repress f, then shadow loses guiding self-reflective qualities and becomes instead a competitor, a threat (the double or negative anima) -anima may be f or m figure while still fulfilling the psychological function of Jung's anima -homo-Eros may be expression of oneness with self (vs conunctio with Other in m-f union), celebration of one's m -Monick talks of Apollonian 'higher phallos' and darker, primeval phallos, the thrusting, wild, Dionysian sexual body experience of 'lunar m', repressed by Judeo-Christianity [rejects logos=m and eros=f dichotomy] -gay sexuality not just flight from womanhood, and f identification (paradox in itself), but complex affair in which Father-Son, Mother-Lover, and hermaphroditic Self all are actualized through physical and emotional connection with another man. -for man who loves men, only culturally available self-definition is to see himself as psychologically f. How well he copes with this identification in mysogynistic culture determines his degree of psychological maturity -his individuation process begins with completely different relationship to m and f than heteros: 1/ come to terms with internalized f, 2/ reincorporate repressed m shadow/ double 3/ coming out in real world 4/ create persona that represents and contains one's inner life but not conceal. -Wizard of Oz: for gay, D incorp m (shadow) via trials and confirms self (anima) -> wholeness in hostile world (destroys evil f (mother) stereotype and defuses feared m (father) stereotype. D wrestles away broomstick (depotentiate inferior f and reappropriate phallic m). -gay identification with Crawford, Davis etc reflects internalized masculine f. Intiutively try to lay claim to the phallic power of these witch-like women. Destroy witch with water (flexible, symbol of u) -D finds f self through integration of m qualities, just as gay must recognize and accept non-inferior internalized f anima and reintegrate nonstereotyped m shadow qualities -mature relationship to archetypal f results in greater sense of self-acceptance as man and homos, allowing closeness to women which straights envy. Gays have seen and lived their f through their homos, and can know archetypal f better -sm attempt to get at the whole of the m self, in both its passive and active forms, to experience one's m self through the activity and passivity of another man, through m initiation, not through the enactment of a (stereotyped) f role or through the otherness of women (as straights do). Result of failure of society to provide men with an inward and outward initiation into full manhood -lessons gays learn about m: 1/ men can live in their male bodies and love them; 2/ men can be powerful and tender with each other; 3/ authority is as much an inner issue as an outer role -homos is m heteros shadow in heteros patriarchal world [Mills and PB need me as an articulation of this side of themselves] -homos person must use his nature as basis for individuation (see steps above) -dreams of androgyny (pregnant, give birth, s/he characters) reflect movement toward the Androgyne -hermaphrodite = Hermes (messenger of Gods) + Aphrodite (love) (symbols: rainbow, coupling) -sexual orientation constitutionally determined, like Jung's personality types, tied to predominance of certain archetypal configurations -archetpyes complex: f (mother/ daughter, Aphrodite/ Artemis, birth/ death, wounding/ healing, Sophia/ Eve etc) m (father/ son, Wotan/ Loki, seed/ spirit, priapic/ impotent, Hermit/ Emperor, Fool/ Magician, animus/ Logos, sun/ sky, Neptune/ Hades, intellect/ promiscuity, wolf/ dog etc) Androgyne (original Anthropos/ nonexistent being, m/ f, unity/ multiplicity, berdache/ eunuch etc) -what archetypes lie beneath one's attraction to (certain) men? (beneficient father or clinging mother -> older men, brother/ friend -> certain types, integration of idealized father or mother -> need to nuture younger, identification with tyrannical father -> need to dominate younger, puer complex -> need to manipulate older