Castration and Male Rage: The Phallic Wound Eugene Monick -Phallos is sacred to men as manifestation of inner self. -attainment of manhood equated with its active use -phallic visitations come as surprise, as grace, independent of its owner's ego decision -therefore metaphor for m u -homoeroticism when hunger for phallos becomes sexual desire -Sexuality as hierophany - initiation into holiness of phallos to men. At bottom religious experience -Phallos co-equal with feminine (maternal uroboros - serpent biting own tail) -Solar (sun, light, spirit) and chthonic (underworld, dark, material) phallos -f traditionally considered dominant in u, m in c. Really both. -Horney - origin of man's fear of women is mother's early forbidding of masturbation. He moves on to feel sadistic impulses toward his mother and her body which are connected to the rage provoked by her prohibition. -stages of m transformation: 1/ 6th wk in womb testosterone. Castration, then, is not something DONE to f; rather threat to m of reversal of m, regression to primal f. 2/pre-oedipal knowledge that boy belongs to a breed apart from mother combined with prohibition against masturbation (to age 4). 3/ Oedipal - phallic and latency. Rivalry and eventual identification with father to restore phallos (to puberty). 4/ Adolescent - sexual curiosity, man has to DO something to fulfill himself (vs f being). 5/ Accomplishment - sexuality broadens to include metaphorical manifestations. 6/ Individuation- recog'n that phallos, while indisputably m god, is not the only god. 2nd half of life resting time for m strength, recog'n of f side -c complex when weak spot in m grid which can precipitate attack under stress -deepened by physiology - gives sperm and loses erection (ie, weakened by woman) -man must stand for who he IS, not what his mother wants him to be (for her) -for Jung, overcome c complex in hero myth - move to m development and ego c, away from primitive maternal origin. Otherwise, everything is stuck in a hermaphroditic mass. Must discover himself as m and his opposite as f. In latency, boy's f must sink into dormancy in u for classic heroic manhood to coalesce in his personality - the m grid. The girl in the boy must be distanced. Then in puberty finds f in other. Regression to mother -> failure and indolence. (Gay development more complicated: boy's f still active, makes pact with mother against father, must reject this eventually and accept f while developing m identification) Integrate f: 1/ feeling; 2/ emotion; 3/ sensibility (heteros boy rejects mother's expectations for him to be nice); 4/ relatedness (intimacy with other males); 5/ vulnerability; 6/ weakness; 7/ homoeroticism (feminine in male - anima - attracted to the chthonic phallos (ie sensuality) of other males; 8/ feminism; 9/ tenderness - translate shame of castration injury into honoring of their wound; 10/ suffering - woman's counterpart to hero's journey (patriarchal men identify being male with making others suffer); 11/ soul -castration: undeveloped m does not equal femininity -types of castration: m-m, f-m (mother unconnected to inherent f authority compelled to keep son to herself, emotionally dependent, to max her own importance, feeds off him, destroys his freedom. When independence falters, neurotic compensation takes place, striking out against person held responsible), auto-castration (stepping outside of imposed authority instills guilt, expressed as rage taken out on oneself), social c (racism, homophobia, if conform then vacuous clone), fate -antidotes: connect with other man as: mentor, touching (f - magnetic, m - lightning), men's group, sadness (1/ leaving mother-comfort behind, 2/ from rejection (avoidance of rejection perpetuates self-doubt), 3/ nature of orgasm), other-respect and self-respect, deconstruction (analysis of one's experiences) -masculinity naturally extraverted. M grid is intrapsychic, thus interior, foundation for m exterior phallic functioning. Working through this is a kind of DOING, very different from f BEING. Erection requires inner psychic process -overcoming castration requires a f response (making peace with anima, freeing u male energy) -religio = reconnect, link back, soul-searching within as the way to gods. Greek legends show gods suffered all of man's dilemmas Phallos: Sacred Image of the Masculine Eugene Monick -church devalues sexuality, elevates religion; psychology devalues religion, elevates sexuality -union of sexuality and religion is like an electrical connection. Wrong joining leads to disaster. No joining produces no energy. Proper joining holds promise. -love is inviting someone into the personal recesses of one's desire. A willingness to go along with the fantasy of the other is a sign of required love -alchemical traditions preserved dreams, sexuality, u -demise of Chrstianity and patriarchy allows phallos to emerge -life-task for male (phallos is symbol): as child, break from mother's domain, shift libido to others -loss for male implies loss of phallos => identity crisis -want relief, restoration (with security of mother) AND reestablishment of phallic identity (ie, liberation from mother) -object (mother, wife, other, motherland (patriotism)) may hinder his independence and ability to function phallically (puer aeternus) -father should deny his son the comforts of the father's wife, pass on masculinity to son -masculinity is accomplishment, not a birthright, so strong is the pull of nature-mother -Jung more holistic than Freud, since m is independent category, not just repudiation of the feminine. -matrix, materia (from mater); upstanding (solar phallic designation, death and resurrection) -both Freud and Jung develop theories in patriarchal environment so phallos underdeveloped, they point to mother -need primal ground for archetypal phallos in psyche -phallos archetypes: Hermes/ Mercury (trickster, thief, brotherhood), Dionysus (Hermes + Aphrodite), Zeus and Ganymede (male submission), Apollo (logos) -darkness, threat always present in archetypal patterns, there can be no light without shadow, chthonic phallos ANTITHESIS, not just shadow, of solar phallos -both solar and chthonic phallos contain good and evil factors -shadow of chthonic phallos - grossness, brutality, carelessness, insatiable desire and possessiveness => war, rape, murder (no morality in archetypes - primal, instinctive) -danger for son is u adoption of value structure of the mother => feminization or premature solar orientation in life goals, adapting himself to m stance devoid of sexuality. His spirituality becomes brittle and technical without the hot breath of chthonic phallos and inspiration (loss of fascination and wonder, since both are inextricable related to the rise and fall, death and resurrection, of chthonic phallos -must know appropriate times to become the beast, that is the integration of shadow chthonic phallos (be aware of duality of nature) -religious (relinkage) rapture descends upon one in solitude, ordinarily the condition of masturbation, pointing to personal connection with God -homos implies nonexistence on a collective basis, denial of both ego and Self -if phallos only the instrument of service to the Great Mother, then homos aberration of basic instinctual energy -sexual preference: if man needs more father, he is homos; if man needs more mother, heteros; if man needs more of both, bisexual -maybe soul for both man and woman is f (soul gives f its authority -men develop emotionally when they stop relying on women to carry eros, and women think individually when they stop depending on men for logos -phallos in men shows his readiness to sow seed; stirring of animus in women shows impulse to establish herself creatively in world (and act aggressively sexually