Preventing Falls

The Danger of Falls

Falls are a real risk for seniors, and it is important that seniors be aware of strategies to prevent falls. The incidence of falls among older people is hard to estimate correctly. Many elders will not admit to slips, trips or falls where there is no injury. They associate falling with being frail and elderly, and may fear losing their independence.

The best estimates suggest that each year, one-third of all elders not living in institutions will have a fall. Of these, 50% will be moderately to severely injured. The most common injury is a hip fracture, a serious health risk for seniors. 50% of elders who sustain a hip fracture die within six months, mostly from complications due to the prolonged bed rest required. Furthermore, treating injuries from falls puts a great demand on the health care system. As far back as 1980, fixing hip fractures was costing American taxpayers 2 billion dollars a year.

Factors Associated with Falling

Factors related to falling include:

-Increasing age, as muscles weaken, eyesight is less acute, and the sense of balance is not as efficient. In addition, injuries such as hip fractures are more likely if the elder has osteoporosis, which makes the bones more fragile.
-Environmental hazards, such as poor lighting, slippery floors, scatter mats, telephone cords, and uneven sidewalks.
-Over medication.

Fall Prevention

The risk of falling and the chance of injury from a fall can be reduced if elders maintain good physical fitness through proper diet and exercise, which keeps the muscles, bones and sensory systems in top condition.

Also, seniors and caregivers need to be careful with medications, so that misuse or overuse does not occur.

Finally, simple precautions can make the physical environment safer. Secure handrails on stairs and in the tub are useful. Mats should have rubber backing to anchor them to the floor. Elders should make sure never to climb on stools or chairs to reach things -- items should be stored within easy reach. Walkers and canes can be good devices to assist frail elders in staying mobile and safe. For peace of mind, some older people get medical alert systems that allow them to summon help immediately in the event of a fall.

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