Harpercraft Exams: Art Exam

The questions:

• Question 1: What are the primary colors?
• Question 2: Which of the following colors are warm colors as opposed to cool? (red, blue, green, orange, yellow, purple)
• Question 3: List two differences between painting and sculpting techniques.
• Question 4: List two differences between acrylic and watercolor painting techniques.
• Question 5: How do you thin oil paint?

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Question 1: What are the primary colors? [4 points possible]

Answer: The answer we were looking for was the primary colors of paint: red, yellow, and blue. Partial credit was given for those who worte the primary colors of light: red, blue, green.

Caelan: red blue yellow [4 points]
S'cud: red, blue, green [2 points]
Azalea: Blue, red, and yellow. [4 points]
Saundethen: Red, blue, and yellow [4 points]
Zanadia: The primary colors are blue, red and yellow. [4 points]
Ayanna: blue, red and yellow [4 points]
Ellena: Red, yellow, & blue. [4 points]
Torlan: Red, Blue, and Yellow. [4 points]
Reeba: Red, Blue, Yellow [4 points]
Sapphira: Red, Yellow, Blue (I don't count white or black.) [4 points]
Usha: Red, Blue, and Yellow [4 points]
Kandar: Red/Blue/Yellow [4 points]
Arialla: Red, Yellow, Blue. [4 points]
Kellira: Yellow, orange, red, violet, blue, green, black, white [2 points]
Loeree: Of paint Red, Yellow, Blue. (Of light Red, Yellow, Green.) [4 points]
Oriana: Blue, Red, and Yellow. [4 points]
Maori: red, blue, and yellow. [4 points]
Taliana: red, blue, yellow [4 points]
Kestria: Red, yellow, blue. [4 points]
Kaeryn: pain primary colors are red/blue/yellow light primary colors are red/blue/green [4 points]
Rain: Blue, Yellow, and Red [4 points]
Ambar: red, yellow, blue. Some would also argue that Octarine is a color, but their mostly wizards from the unseen university who can't spell, so they don't count. [4 points]
Khayet: Red, Yellow, Blue [4 points]
Kitessa: red, green and blue. [3 points]

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Question 2: Which of the following colors are warm colors as opposed to cool? (red, blue, green, orange, yellow, purple) [4 points possible]

Answer: The warm colors (most frequently) are red, orange, and yellow. The cool colors are blue, green, and purple.

Caelan: blue green purple [0 points]
S'cud: warm- red, yellow, orange cool- green, blue, purple [4 points]
Azalea: Red, orange, and yellow. [4 points]
Saundethen: Red, orange, and yellow are warm colors; blue, green, and purple are cool [4 points]
Zanadia: Red, orange and yellow are warm. [4 points]
Ellena: Red, orange, & yellow. [4 points]
Torlan: Warm: Red, Orange, Yellow. Cool: Green, Blue, Purple. [4 points]
Reeba: WARM - red, orange, yellow COOL - blue, green [4 points]
Sapphira: Red, Blue and Purple I think. [1 points]
Usha: Red, Yellow, and Orange are warm; Blue, Green, and Purple are cool. [4 points]
Kandar: orange, yellow, and red [4 points]
Arialla: Warm colors are: red, orange, yellow. Cool colors are green, blue, purple. [4 points]
Kellira: red, orange, yellow [4 points]
Loeree: red, orange, yellow [4 points]
Oriana: Red, Orange, and Yellow. Depending on the shade, purple is a possibility. [4 points]
Maori: red, orange, and yellow are warm. :D [4 points]
Taliana: red, orange, yellow. [4 points]
Kestria: The warm colors of those listed are, red, orange and yellow. [4 points]
Kaeryn: warm colors are red, orange, yellow and cool are blue, purple, green [4 points]
Rain: Red, Orange, and Yellow are the warm colors, though I feel kind of partial to purple. ;) [4 points]
Ambar: red, orange, yellow. Fire is warm. These colors are fire. Is anyone disagrees with me, I'd like to see them try and find a cold fire. [4 points]
Khayet: red, orange, yellow. Purple and green can be either warm or cool dependant on the precise hue and tone of the shade. [4 points]
Kitessa: Warm: red, orange, yellow. Cool: blue, green, purple. [4 points]

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Question 3: List two differences between painting and sculpting techniques. [4 points possible]

Answer: Answers varied. Read them for yourself. ;)

S'cud: paintin- focus only on getting depth, shading sculpting-focus on getting shape correct in 3-D plane, and getting propotions(?) correct. [4 points]
Azalea: When painting, you are only decorating the surface of something, usually two demensional; sculpting physically alters a shape, usually three demensional. [4 points]
Saundethen: Painting techniques are basically 2-D, while sculpting is 3-D [2 points]
Ellena: In painting one adds layers of material to a surface, while in sculpting one primarily removes layers from the surface. The materials used in painting are primarily oil, acrylic, or water color, while the primary materials used in sculpture are stone, wood, or clay. [4 points]
Reeba: Difference 1 - In painting, the artist can use a full range of colors to express a wide range of emotions while sculpting is more limited in color. Difference 2 - Sculpting is a three dimensional expression. With painting, you really only have a 2-D representation of a 3-D world. [4 points]
Sapphira: Painting uses brushes, canvas paper, to create a flat picture. Sculpting uses clay usually, to create a three-dimensional 'picture' of something, and then paint and brushes could be used to give it color. [4 points]
Usha: Painting is two-dimensional whereas sculptors work in three dimensions; Color is a primary part of painting, but in sculpture it is unnecessary and often disregarded. [4 points]
Kandar: In painting, the artist must make a three dimensional illusion on a two dimensional surface, whilst in sculpting, the artist actualy creates a three dimensional surface. In sculpture the medium's (rock, clay, etc.) flaws must be taken into account as the artist proceeds and the work shaped around them, while in painting, it is not the medium the artist must keep inmind as in the endless combinations he can make from his tools (paint). Both artists have to keep both tools and medium in mind I'm just saying one considers one or the other more actively depending on the type of work. [4 points]
Arialla: Painting is two dimentional, sculpting is three dimentional. Painting makes use of colors, highlights, shadows with a brush being the typical tool. Sculpting is typical a single color which makes use of the natural surrounding light to give highlights and shadows to the form. Carving tools are they typical tool for sculpting. [4 points]
Kellira: Sculpting is using clay and shaping it with your hands. Painting is using some sort of paint and applying it to cavas with a brush. [2 points]
Loeree: 1) desired effect: Depth. The greatest difference in technique is dealing with depth. Sculptures, by nature, have depth, and the carving/moulding of the matierial manipulates the inherent depth of the form. Painting creates the /illusion/ of depth through the techniques of perspective, and shading. (examples: things 'farther away' on a painting are smaller. Also darker colors are used to create the illusion of distance). Technique 2) Shadows: In a sculpture, all shadows occur naturally, if you wish a certain falling of shadows, the entire sculpture must be adjusted acordingly or moved/rotated until the fixed lightsource casts the desired shadows. In painting, such things must be physically painted into the picture, and always fall the same way, no matter what angle the light is from. This is done, frequently, with darker shades(tints?) of the color on which the shadow is cast. [4 points]
Oriana: 1 -- Sculpting is a three-dimensional art, whereas a painting is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional form. 2 -- A sculpture, by necessity of volume and size, must usually be a limited scene, with either a single foreground object or a foreground and middleground, but without a background. A painting may represent a scene of nearly infinite size with the full effects of background and lighting, independent of the background and lighting in the room where it is being displayed. [4 points]
Maori: Painting, is more or less a 2-D art giving the illusion of depth while sculpting is the forming of a 3-D object into art. Also, painting is just so much more messy..therefore fun. ;) I mean, finger-scuplting as opposed to finger painting just isn't as interesting. ;D [4 points]
Taliana: In painting, you have to use illusion to give an impression of three-dimensionality, where sculpture is 3-dimensional by nature. And, you can paint a sculpture, but you can't sculpt a painting. [3 points]
Kestria: Painting techniques and sculpting techniques differ foremost in the fact that the former is a two dimensional medium and the latter is a three dimensional one. Painting techniques require the blending of colours and pigments which are applied to a surface with brushes and other small tools (such as small palette knives). Shading and perspective are used to give the impression of three dimensions. In sculpting techniques, one either removes material, such as wood or stone, to obtain the desired shape using knives or chisel and hammer, or else, molds clay into a three dimensional figure. Therefore, two differences between painting and sculpting techniques are that of dimensions and the tools used in each. Another difference in techniques could be the way texture is done. Again, in painting techniques, the use of shading or cross-hatching or dots or the amount of paint applied can be used to imply various textures from soft to rough or hard, sculpting allows for the texture to be placed right on the surface of the object; smooth or rough as one likes (although soft would be difficult to achieve) and can actually be /felt/ by the 'audience'. (Although oil painting does allow for actual different textures because the paint is so thick and heavy, one doesn't often expect people to actually touch paintings.) ;) [4 points]
Rain: First off, you're working on something 3-dimensional with sculpture, while painting is 2-d. Second, different tools. You don't often use a paintbrush to chisel the rock, or a hammer to paint a picture. ;) [4 points]
Ambar: Painting uses a brush, wheras sculpting often uses hands. Sculpting techniques are designed for 3d art, wheras painting is mostly 2d [3 points]
Khayet: 1.) Painting is done generally on a 2 dimentional surface, creating the illusion of depth with colour and shade, while sculpting is done genrally in 3 dimentions. 2.) One adds paint to a painting while one takes away that which is not nessescary in sculpting. [4 points]
Kitessa: Er...well, painting is 2D, whilst sculpting is 3D....and painting uses paint, whereas sculpting doesn't? [3 points]

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Question 4: List two differences between acrylic and watercolor painting techniques. [4 points possible]

Answer: Again, answers varied. S'cud: water color you keep adding on-top off, and mixing colors /while/ you paint. Acrylic, you mix the paints /before/ you start painting.. [2 points]
Saundethen: Acrylic is more of an opaque paint, while watercolor is translucent; I guess the latter can be a bit more wispy-like... [2 points]
Ellena: In acrylic painting, one can add paint to create texture, whereas in watercolor one carefully blends color to create a wash. It is very important to leave enough white in a watercolor work, which is not something one needs to worry about when working in acrylic. [4 points]
Reeba: "Difference 1 - Acrylic is applied in layers where watercolor is not. Difference 2 - Watercolor baptizes the canvas but acrylic does not (easier to start over or to modify your painting with acrylics). [4 points]
Sapphira: Watercolor paint is sometimes washable and dissolves in water. Acrylic paint doesn't dissovle well in water, and is not thinnable by water, it also is not washable. Watercolor paint has a lighter color when applied than acrylic usually. [4 points]
Arialla: Acrylic paint, while using water as it's thinner, it typically thicker and less opaque than watercolor. Watercolors are "lighter" in their consistancy, leaving behing less paint on the canvas than acrylics. The blending of colors on the canvas is easier with acrylics than with watercolors. They also make use of different types of brushes. [4 points]
Kellira: ????? [0 points]
Loeree: One difference is in how the paint is actually applied. In water color, fairly concentraited paint is applied to damp paper. In acrylic, a wet brush is used to dilute the paint (Either a wet brush or diping it in water after it is on the brush or both) Before it is applied to a dry page. [2 points]
Oriana: 1 -- The texture of the paints are different -- acrylic, which wouldn't actually exist on Pern to my knowledge, is a much thicker paint and can be used to create raised textures on a surface, whereas watercolor is more often used as a wash, dense or thin, of pigment across a surface, creating a softer image. 2 -- Watercolor must be used on porous surfaces, as the water must be absorbed at least partially in order for the pigment to dry evenly, while acrylic may be used on virtually any surface. [4 points]
Taliana: Acrylic paint isn't translucent, so to get a mix of colors you'd have to mix them on a palette, whereas with watercolors you can paint one color right over another and get interesting mixing effects. Similarly, watercolors bleed into each other, which can be regarded either as a handicap or a virtue, depending on whether you're using that bleeding for effect or struggling against it; acrylics don't do that, and so acrylic painting edges are sharper, where watercolor edges are softer. [4 points]
Kestria: One of the major differences between acrylic painting techniques and watercolour painting techniques is that of the way in which acrylic paints may be used. Acrylic paints have the ability to be used either as oils or watercolours. If used as oils, acrylics have the ability to be applied in a similar way to oils, allowing for considerable variety of surface textural effects not available in watercolour techniques. In all acrylic techniques, the painting remains water-resistant, unlike watercolour paintings. Another difference between the two mediums of acrylic and watercolour painting is that the finished shade of the dried paint, thus, the mixing of the pigments is different in each technique. In acrylics, the paint must be mixed lighter than the desired finished shade and in watercolours, the paint must be mixed darker. [4 points]
Kaeryn: Once Acrylics are dry, water doesn't affect them, but it changes watercolors after they are dry. In order to use acrylics you can add water or paint as they are, watercolors /must/ have water to work with them. [4 points]
Rain: Watercolor is more runny... you have to be careful with how much you put on since it will soak through more easily. Also, acrylics are usually more visible. [3 points]
Ambar: you can get a much more washed out style and theme with the water color. Colors are generally much more solid with acrylic. I can't do as much with acryllics, because Painter doesn't have them, while it does have watercolor. [4 points]
Khayet: Acrylics can be painted on basicly anything, from other plastics, to leather, paper, metal. It does however, generally require a primer which water colour does not. Acrylics are brilliant or as dull as you make them to be, water colours are much softer. One can get extreamly detailed with acrylics, they dry very quickly, one can paint right over what you've already painted with little worry of bleedthrough. Water colours you can't do that with, their more of a tint really than an actual paint. Their thin, muted in tone soft on the eye and bleed together when you arent' paitent enough to wait for one thing to dry before you paint an object next to it. [4 points]
Kitessa: Watercolour uses more water than acrylic (yup, I know lots about this topic), and maybe you 'dab' more with acrylic, and 'swish' more with watercolour. [3 points]

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Question 5: How do you thin oil paint? [4 points possible]

Answer: Using turpentine (any of the ingredients used to /make/ turpentine were also accepted).

S'cud: Add thinner, or water(total guess) to it.. [2 points]
Saundethen: With turpentine [4 points]
Ellena: One uses either turpentine or linseed oil. [4 points]
Reeba: "Cut it with paint thinner? [2 points]
Sapphira: Is there a special thinner for oil paint? I have no clue. [0 points]
Usha: Add turpentine or a similar substance in small amounts and stir until even. [4 points]
Arialla: Turpentine is used to thin oil paint. [4 points]
Kellira: with paint thinner? [2 points]
Oriana: With paint thinner. ;) Generally mineral spirits, if I remember. [4 points]
Taliana: With turpentine. [4 points]
Kestria: Oil paint may be thinned with a variety of materials. Turpentine, methylated spirits (mineral spirits) or petroleum thinners can all be used to thin oil paint although turpentine is the best method. (And petroleum thinner can't be produced on Pern anyway.) Unlike methylated spirits, turpentine does not evaporate in air and thus, dries through the absorption of oxygen, making it the closest in drying time to oil paint itself. If one were to use methylated spirits to thin oil paint the painting would dry unevenly, with the thinned paint drying much faster or slower than the unthinned oil paint, depending on the humidity at the time. Also, since oil paint is made using a resin derived from a vegetable oil, it makes sense to thin it with a substance that is also derived from a resin as turpentine is. Turpentine is made by boiling the sap (or resin) collected from coniferous trees (most notably pines and firs). The resultant steam is distilled and when cool is the pure oil of turpentine. [4 points]
Kaeryn: turpentine [4 points]
Rain: Hmph. I think either turpentine or water. But water doesn't mix with oil, so it wouldn't really thin it. I'll go with turpentine... though I don't doubt that I'm wrong. [4 points]
Ambar: you probably have to use some sort of other oil, because oil and water don't mix. [3 points]
Khayet: With turpintine or mineral oil. [4 points]
Kitessa: Er..I'll hazard a guess and say with water. [0 points]

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Subtotals:

Caelan: 4
S'cud: 15
Azalea: 12
Saundethen:16
Zanadia: 8
Ayanna: 4
Ellena: 20
Torlan: 8
Reeba: 18
Sapphira: 13
Usha: 16
Kandar: 12
Arialla: 20
Kellira: 10
Loeree: 14
Oriana: 20
Maori: 12
Taliana: 19
Kestria: 20
Kaeryn: 16
Rain: 19
Ambar: 18
Khayet: 20
Kitessa: 12

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