Annotated Bibliography

Boewe, Charles. “Rappaccini’s Garden.” American Literature 30.1 (1958): 37-49.

Discusses Hawthorne’s emblematic use of plants in his tales, since they are rarely used as décor.  Suggests their purpose is also sexual.  Considers such works as The Blithedale Romance, The House of Seven Gables, The Scarlet Letter and “Rappaccini’s Daughter.”   

Crews, Frederick C. “Giovanni’s Garden.” American Quarterly 16.3 (1964): 402-418.

Discusses the duality of nature and in characters, such as Beatrice in “Rappaccini’s Daughter.”  Brings in the sexual aspect of Rappaccini’s garden as Giovanni enters into its realm.  Continues to discuss Giovanni’s cynicism about the innocence of women.  Considers such works as The Scarlet Letter, “The Birthmark,” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter.”    

Evans, Oliver. “Allegory and Incest in ‘Rappaccini’s Daughter.” Nineteenth-Century

            Fiction 19.2 (1964): 185-195.

Discusses Hawthorne’s fascination with incest and his attraction toward unusual crimes.  Continues to analyze incestuous relationships in “Rappaccini’s Daughter.”  

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Rappaccini’s Daughter.” Nathaniel Hawthorne Tales.

Ed. James McIntosh. New York: Norton, 1987. 186-209.

---. “My Kinsman, Major Molineux.” Nathaniel Hawthorne Tales. Ed. James McIntosh.

            New York: Norton, 1987. 3-17.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of Seven Gables. New York: Penguin, 1986.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Alice Doane’s Appeal.” The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel

            Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday, 1959. 556-564.

McWilliams Jr., John P. “Hawthorne and the Puritan Revolution of 1776.” Nathaniel

            Hawthorne’s Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. New York: Norton, 1987. 371-379.

Discusses Hawthorne’s political interest in the American Revolution, and how he incorporates the qualities of independence into such works as “Endicott at the Red Cross” and “The Gray Champion.”  Speaks of Hawthorne’s incorporation of Young America in “My Kinsman, Major Molineux.”  

Wegelin, Christof. “Europe in Hawthorne’s Fiction.” ELH 14.3 (1947): 219-245.

Discusses Hawthorne’s integration of European ideals and images within such works as The Marble Faun, Doctor Grimshawe, The Ancestral Footstep and Our Old Home, with the exception of “Rappaccini’s Daughter” and “Wakefield,” since the center of these stories rely on allegorical meaning instead of setting.