I affectionately inscribe this book to my dear father and mother, in grateful appreciation of the fact that from a child I was taught to revere the Holy Scriptures.
Christianity is the religion of a Book. Christianity
is based upon the impregnable rock of Holy Scripture. The starting point
of all doctrinal discussion must be the Bible. Upon the foundation of the
Divine inspiration of the Bible stands or falls the entire edifice of Christian
truth. - "If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do?"
(Ps. 11:3). Surrender the dogma of verbal inspiration and you are left
like a rudderless ship on a stormy sea-at the mercy of every wind that
blows. Deny that the Bible is, without any qualifications, the very Word
of God, and you are left without any ultimate standard of measurement and
without any supreme authority. It is useless to discuss any doctrine taught
by the Bible until you are prepared to acknowledge, unreservedly, that
the Bible is the final court of appeal. Grant that the Bible is a Divine
revelation and communication of God's own mind and will to men, and you
have a fixed starting point from which advance can be made into the domain
of truth. Grant that the Bible is (in its original manuscripts) inerrant
and infallible and you reach the place where study of its contents is both
practicable and profitable.
It is impossible to over-estimate the importance
of the doctrine of the Divine inspiration of Scripture. This is the strategic
center of Christian theology, and must be defended at all costs. It is
the point at which our satanic enemy is constantly hurling his hellish
battalions. Here it was he made his first attack. In Eden he asked, "Yea,
hath God said?" and today he is pursuing the same tactics. Throughout the
ages the Bible has been the central object of his assaults. Every available
weapon in the devil's arsenal has been employed in his determined and ceaseless
efforts to destroy the temple of God's truth. In the first days of the
Christian era the attack of the enemy was made openly - the bonfire being
the chief instrument of destruction - but, in these "last days" the assault
is made in a more subtle manner and comes from a more unexpected quarter.
The Divine origin of the Scriptures is now disputed in the name of "Scholarship"
and "Science," and that, too, by those who profess to be friends and champions
of the Bible. Much of the learning and theological activity of the hour,
are concentrated in the attempt to discredit and destroy the authenticity
and authority of God's Word, the result being that thousands of nominal
Christians are plunged into a sea of doubt. Many of those who are paid
to stand in our pulpits and defend the Truth of God are now the very ones
who are engaged in sowing the seeds of unbelief and destroying the faith
of those to whom they minister. But these modern methods will prove no
more successful in their efforts to destroy the Bible than did those employed
in the opening centuries of the Christian era. As well might the birds
attempt to demolish the granite rock of Gibraltar by pecking at it with
their beaks - "For ever, O Lord, Thy Word is settled in heaven" (Ps. 119:89).
Now the Bible does not fear investigation.
Instead of fearing it, the Bible courts and challenges consideration and
examination. The more widely it is known, the more closely it is read,
the more carefully it is studied, the more unreservedly will it be received
as the Word of God. Christians are not a company of enthusiastic fanatics.
They are not lovers of myths. They are not anxious to believe a delusion.
They do not desire their lives to be molded by an empty superstition. They
do not wish to mistake hallucination for inspiration. If they are wrong,
they wish to be set right. If they are deceived, they want to be disillusioned.
If they are mistaken, they desire to be corrected.
The first question which the thoughtful reader
of the Bible has to answer is, What importance and value am I to attach
to the contents of the Scriptures? Were the writers of the Bible so many
fanatics moved by oracular frenzy? Were they merely poetically inspired
and intellectually elevated? or, were they, as they claimed to be, and
as the Scriptures affirm they were, moved by the Holy Spirit to act as
the voice of God to a sinful world? Were the writers of the Bible inspired
by God in a manner no other men were in any other age of the world? Were
they invested and endowed with the power to disclose mysteries and point
men upward and onward to that which otherwise would have been an impenetrable
future? One can readily appreciate the fact that the answer to these questions
is of supreme importance. If the Bible is not inspired in the strictest
sense of the word then it is worthless, for it claims to be God's Word,
and if its claims are spurious then its statements are unreliable and its
contents are untrustworthy. If, on the other hand, it can be shown to the
satisfaction of every impartial inquirer that the Bible is the Word of
God, inerrant and infallible, then we have a starting point from which
we can advance to the conquest of all truth.
A book that claims to be a Divine revelation
- a claim which, as we shall see, is substantiated by the most convincing
credentials - cannot be rejected or even neglected without grave peril
to the soul. True wisdom cannot refuse to examine it with care and impartiality.
If the claims of the Bible be well founded then the prayerful and diligent
study of the Scriptures becomes of paramount importance: they have a claim
upon our notice and time which nothing else has, and beside them everything
in this world loses its luster and sinks into utter insignificance. If
the Bible be the Word of God then it infinitely transcends in value
all the writings of men, and in exact ratio to its immeasurable superiority
to human productions such is our responsibility and duty to give it the
most reverent and serious consideration. As a Divine revelation the Bible
ought to be studied, yet, this is the only subject on which human curiosity
does not desire information. Into every other sphere man pushes his investigations,
but the Book of books is neglected, and this, not only by the ignorant,
and illiterate, but by the wise of this world as well. The cultured dilettante
will boast of his acquaintance with the sages of Greece and Rome, yet,
will know little or nothing of Moses and the prophets, Christ and His Apostles.
But the general neglect of the Bible verifies the Scriptures and affords
additional proof of their authenticity. The contempt with which the Bible
is treated demonstrates that human nature is exactly what God's Word represents
it to be - fallen and depraved - and is unmistakable evidence that the
carnal mind is enmity against God.
If the Bible is the Word of God; if it stands
on an infinitely exalted plane, all alone; if it immeasurable transcends
all the greatest productions of human genius; then, we should naturally
expect to find that it has unique credentials, that there are internal
marks which prove it to be the handiwork of God, that there is conclusive
evidence to show that its Author is superhuman, Divine. That these expectations
are realized we shall now endeavor to show; that there is no reason whatever
for any one to doubt the Divine inspiration of the Scriptures is the purpose
of this book to demonstrate. As we examine the natural world we find innumerable
proofs of the existence of a Personal Creator, and the same God who has
manifested Himself thro' His works has also revealed His wisdom and will
thro' His Word. The God of creation and the God of written revelation are
One, and there are irrefutable arguments to show that the Almighty who
made the heavens and the earth is also the Author of the Bible.
We shall now submit to the critical attention
of the reader a few of the lines of demonstration which argue for the Divine
inspiration of the Bible.
This argument may be simply and tersely stated
thus - Man needed a Divine revelation couched in human language. God had
previously given man a revelation of Himself in His created works - which
men please to term "nature" - but bears unmistakable testimony to the existence
of its Creator, and though sufficient is revealed of God thro' it to render
all men "without excuse," yet creation does not present a complete unveiling
of God's character. Creation reveals God's wisdom and power, but it gives
us a very imperfect presentation of His mercy and love. Creation is now
under the curse; it is imperfect, because it has been marred by sin; therefore,
an imperfect creation cannot be a perfect medium for revealing God; and
hence, also, the testimony of creation is contradictory.
In the spring of the year, when nature puts
on her loveliest robes and we see the beautiful foliage of the countryside
and listen to the happy songs of the birds, we have no difficulty in inferring
that a gracious God is ruling over our world. But what of the winter-time,
when the countryside is desolate and the trees are leafless and forlorn,
when a pall of death seems to be resting on everything? When we stood by
the seashore and watched the setting sun crimsoning the placid waters on
a quiet eve, we had no hesitation in ascribing the picture to the hand
of the Divine Artist. But when we stand upon the same seashore on a stormy
night, hear the roaring of the breakers and the howling wind, see the boats
battling with the angry waves and listen to the heart-rending cries of
the seamen as they go down into a watery grave, then, we are tempted to
wonder if, after all, a merciful God is at the helm. As one walks thro'
the Grand Canyon or stands before the Niagara Falls, the hand and power
of God seem very evident; but, as one witnesses the desolations of the
San Francisco earthquake or the death-dealing effects of the volcanic eruptions
of Mount Vesuvius, he is again perplexed and puzzled. In a word then, the
testimony of nature is conflicting, and, as we have said, this is due to
the fact that sin has come in and marred God's handiwork. Creation displays
God's natural attributes but it tells us little or nothing of His
moral perfections. Nature knows no forgiveness and shows no mercy,
and if we had no other source of information we should never discover the
fact that God pardons sinners. Man then needs a written revelation
from God.
Our limitations and our ignorance reveal our
need. Man is in darkness concerning God. Blot the Bible out of existence
and what should we know about His character, His moral attributes, His
attitude toward us, or His demands upon us? As we have seen, nature is
but an imperfect medium for revealing God. The ancients had the same nature
before them as we have, but what did they discover of His character? Unto
what knowledge of the one true God did they attain? The seventeenth chapter
of the Acts answers that question. When the Apostle Paul was in the famous
city of Athens, famous for its learning and philosophical culture, he discovered
an altar, on which were inscribed the words, "To the unknown God".
The same condition prevails today. Visit those lands which have not been
illumined by the light of the Holy Scriptures and it will be found that
their peoples know no more about the character of the living God than did
the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians.
Man is in darkness concerning himself.
From whence am I? What am I? Am I anything more than a reasoning animal?
Have I an immortal soul, or, am I nothing more than a sentient being? What
is the purpose of my existence? Why am I here in this world at all? What
is the end and aim of life? How shall I employ my time and talents? Shall
I live only for today, eat, drink, and be merry? What after death? Do I
perish like the beasts of the field, or is the grave the portal into another
world? If so, whither am I bound? Do these questions appear senseless and
irrelevant? Annihilate the Scriptures, eliminate all the light they have
shed upon these problems, and whither shall we turn for a solution? If
the Bible had never been written how many of these questions could have
been satisfactorily answered? A very striking testimony to man's need of
a Divine revelation was given by the celebrated but skeptical historian
Gibbon. He remarked - "Since, therefore, the most sublime efforts of philosophy
can extend no farther than feebly to point out the desire, the hope, or,
at most, the probability, of a future state, there is nothing except
a Divine revelation that can ascertain the existence and describe
the condition of the invisible country which is destine to receive the
souls of men after their separation from the body."
Our experiences reveal our need. There
are problems to be faced which our wisdom is incapable of solving; there
are obstacles in our path which we have no means of surmounting; there
are enemies to be met which we are unable to vanquish. We are in dire need
of counsel, strength, and courage. There are trials and tribulations which
come to us, testing the hearts of the bravest and stoutest, and we need
comfort and cheer. There are sorrows and bereavements which crush our spirits
and we need the hope of immortality and resurrection.
Our corporate life reveals our need.
What is to govern and regulate our dealings one with the other? Shall each
do that which is right in his own eyes? That would destroy all law and
order. Shall we draw up some moral code, some ethical standard? But who
shall fix it? Opinions vary. We need some final court of appeal: if we
had no Bible, where should we find it?
Man then needs a Divine revelation;
God is able to supply that need; therefore, is it not reasonable
to suppose He will do so? Surely God will not mock our ignorance and leave
us to grope in the dark! If it is harder to believe that the universe had
no creator, than it is to believe that "in the beginning God created the
heavens and the earth;" if it is a greater tax upon our faith to suppose
that Christianity with all its glorious triumphs is without a Divine Founder,
than it is to believe that it rests upon the Person of the Lord Jesus Christ;
then, does it not also make a greater demand upon human credulity to imagine
that God would leave mankind without an intelligible communication from
Himself, than it does to believe that the Bible is a revelation from the
Creator to His fallen and erring creatures?
If there is a personal God (and none but a
"fool" will deny His existence), and if we are the works of His hands He
surely would not leave us in doubt concerning the great problems which
have to do with our temporal, spiritual, and eternal welfare. If an earthly
parent advises his sons and daughters in their problems and perplexities,
warns them of the perils and pitfalls of life which menace their well-being;
counsels them with regard to their daily welfare and makes known to them
his plans and purposes concerning their future, surely it is incredible
to suppose that our Heavenly Father would do less for His children!
We are often uncertain as to which is the
right course to pursue; we are frequently in doubt as to the real path
of duty; we are constantly surrounded by the hosts of wickedness which
seek to accomplish our downfall; and, we are daily confronted with experiences
which make us sad and sorrowful. The wisest among us need guidance which
our own wisdom fails to supply; the best of humanity need grace which the
human heart is powerless to bestow; the most refined among the sons of
men need deliverance from temptations which they cannot overcome. Will
God mock us then in our need? Will God leave us alone in the hour of our
weakness? Will God refuse to provide for us a Refuge from our enemies?
Man needs a Counselor, a Comforter, a Deliverer. The very fact that God
has a Father's regard for His children necessitates that He should give
them a written revelation which communicates His mind and will concerning
them and which points them to the One who is willing and able to supply
all their need.
To sum up this argument. Man needs
a Divine revelation; God is able to supply one; is it not, therefore,
reasonable to suppose He will do so? There is then, a presumption
in favor of the Bible. Is it not more reasonable to believe that He whose
name and nature is Love shall provide us with a lamp unto our feet and
a light unto our path, than to leave us to grope our way amid the darkness
of a fallen and ruined world?
The full force of the present argument will
appeal only to those who are intimately acquainted with the Bible, and
the more familiar the reader is with the Sacred Canon the more heartily
will he endorse the following statements. Just as a knowledge of Latin
is necessary in order to understand the technique of a treatise on pathology
or physiology, or just as a certain amount of culture and academic learning
is an indispensable adjunct to intelligently follow the arguments and apprehend
the illustrations in a dissertation on philosophy or psychology, so a first-hand
acquaintance with the Bible is necessary to appreciate the fact that its
contents never become commonplace.
One of the first facts which arrests the attention
of the student of God's Word is that, like the widow's oil and meal which
nourished Elijah, the contents of the Bible are never exhausted. Unlike
all other books, the Bible never acquires a sameness, and never diminishes
in its power of response to the needy soul which comes to it. Just as a
fresh supply of manna was given each day to the Israelites in the wilderness,
so the Spirit of God ever breaks anew the Bread of Life to them who hunger
after righteousness; or, just as the loaves and fishes in the hands of
our Lord were more than enough to feed the famished multitude - a surplus
still remaining - so the honey and milk of the Word are more than sufficient
to satisfy the hunger of every human soul - the supply still remaining
undiminished for new generations.
Although one may know, word for word, the
entire contents of some chapter of Scripture, and although he may have
taken the time to ponder thoughtfully every sentence therein, yet, on every
subsequent occasion, provided one comes to it again in the spirit of humble
inquiry, each fresh reading will reveal new gems never seen there before
and new delights will be experienced never met with previously. The most
familiar passages will yield as much refreshment at the thousandth perusal
as they did at the first. The Bible has been likened to a fountain of living
water: the fountain is ever the same, but the water is always fresh.
Herein the Bible differs from all other books,
sacred or secular. What man has to say can be gathered from his writings
at the first reading: failure to do so indicates that the writer has not
succeeded in expressing himself clearly, or else the reader has failed
to apprehend his meaning. Man is only able to deal with surface things,
hence he cares only about surface appearances; consequently, whatever man
has to say lies upon the surface of his writings, and the capable reader
can exhaust them by a single perusal. Not so with the Bible. Although the
Bible has been studied more microscopically than any other book (even its
very letters have been counted and registered) by many of the keenest intellects
for the past two thousand years, although whole libraries of works have
been written as commentaries upon its teachings, and although literally
millions of sermons have been preached and printed in the attempt to expound
every part of Holy Writ, yet its contents have not been exhausted, and
in this twentieth century new discoveries are being made in it every day!
The Bible is an inexhaustible mine of wealth:
it is the El Dorado of heavenly treasure. It has veins of ore which never
"give out" and pockets of gold which no pick can empty; yet, like earthly
treasures, the gems of God must be diligently sought if they are to be
found. Potatoes lie near the surface of the ground, but diamonds require
much laborious digging, so also the precious things of the Word are only
revealed to the prayerful, patient and diligent student.
The Bible is like a spring of water which
never runs dry. No matter how many may drink from its life-giving stream,
and no matter how often they may quench their thirst at its refreshing
waters, its flow continues and never fails to satisfy the needs of all
who come and take of its perennial springs. The Bible has a whole continent
of Truth yet to be explored. A learned scholar who died during the present
year of grace had read through the Bible no fewer than five hundred times!
What other book, ancient or modern, Oriental or Occidental, would repay
even a fiftieth reading?
How can we account for this marvelous characteristic
of the Bible? What explanation can we offer for this startling phenomenon?
It is only stating a commonplace axiom when we affirm that what is finite
is fathomable. What the mind of man has produced the mind of man can exhaust.
If human mortals had written the Bible its contents would have been "mastered"
ages ago. In view of the fact that the contents of the Scriptures cannot
be exhausted, that they never acquire sameness or staleness to the devout
student, and that they always speak with fresh force to the quickened soul
that comes to them, is it not apparent that none other than the infinite
mind of God could have created such a wonderful Book as the Bible?
The title of this chapter suggests a wide
field of study the limits of which we can now only skirt here and there.
To begin with the writers of the Old Testament.
Had the historical parts of the Old Testament
been a forgery, or the production of uninspired men, their contents would
have been very different to what they are. Each of its Books was written
by a descendant of Abraham, yet nowhere do we find the bravery of the Israelites
extolled and never once are their victories regarded as the outcome of
their courage or military genius; on the contrary, success is attributed
to the presence of Jehovah the God of Israel. To this it might be replied,
Heathen writers have often ascribed the victories of their peoples to the
intervention of their gods. This is true, yet there is no parallel at all
between the two cases. Comparison is impossible. Heathen writers invariably
represent their gods as being blindly partial to their friends and whenever
their favorites failed to come out victorious their defeat is attributed
to the opposition of other gods or to a blind and unyielding fate. In contradistinction
to this, the defeats of Israel, as much as their victories, are
regarded as coming from Jehovah. Their successes were not due to mere partiality
in God, but are uniformly viewed as connected with a careful observance
of His commands; and, in like manner, their defeats are portrayed as the
outcome of their disobedience and waywardness. If they transgressed His
laws they were defeated and put to shame, even though their God was the
Almighty. But we have digressed somewhat. That to which we desire to direct
attention is the fact that men who were their own countrymen have
chronicled the history of the Israelites, and therein have faithfully recorded
their defeats not to an inexorable fate, nor to bad generalship and military
failures, but to the sins of the people and their wickedness against God.
Such a God is not the creation of the human mind, and such historians were
not actuated by the common principles of human nature.
Not only have the Jewish historians recounted
the military defeats of their people, but they have also faithfully recorded
their many moral backslidings and spiritual declinations. One of the outstanding
truths of the Old Testament is that the Unity of God, that God is One,
that beside Him there is none else, that all other gods are false gods
and that to pay them homage is to be guilty of the sin of idolatry. Against
the sin of idolatry these Jewish writers cry out repeatedly. They uniformly
declare that it is a sin most abhorrent in the sight of heaven. Yet, these
same Jewish writers record how again and again their ancestors (contrary
to the universal leaning towards ancestral adoration and worship), and
their contemporaries, were guilty of this great wickedness. Not only so,
but they have pointed out how some of their most famous heroes sinned in
this very particular. Aaron and the golden calf, Solomon and the later
kings being notable examples - "Then did Solomon build a high place for
Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem,
and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon. And likewise
did he for all his strange wives, which burnt incense and sacrificed unto
their gods" (Kings 11:7,8). Moreover, there is no attempt made to excuse
their wrongdoing; instead, their acts are openly censured and uncompromisingly
condemned. As is well known, human historians are inclined to conceal or
extenuate the faults of their favorites. A forged history would have clothed
friends with every virtue, and would not have ventured to mar the effect
designed to be produced by uncovering the vices of its most distinguished
personages. Here then, is displayed the uniqueness of Scripture
history. Its characters are painted in the colors of truth and nature.
But such characters were never sketched by a human pencil. Moses and the
other writers must have written by Divine inspiration.
The sin of idolatry, while it is the worst
of which Israel was guilty, is not the only evil recorded against them
- their whole history is one long story of repeated apostasy from Jehovah
their God. After they had been emancipated from the bondage of Egypt and
had been miraculously delivered from their cruel masters at the Red Sea,
they commenced their journey towards the Promised Land. Between them and
their goal lay a march across the wilderness, and here the depravity of
their hearts was fully manifested. In spite of the fact that Jehovah, by
overthrowing their enemies, had plainly demonstrated that He was their
God, yet no sooner was the faith of the Israelites put to the test than
their hearts failed them. First, their stores of food began to give out
and they feared they would perish from hunger. Trying circumstances had
banished the Living God from their thoughts. They complained of their lot
and murmured against Moses. Yet God did not deal with them after their
sins nor reward them according to their iniquities: in mercy, He gave them
bread from heaven and furnished them a daily supply of manna. But they
soon became dissatisfied with the manna and lusted after the flesh pots
of Egypt. Still God dealt with them in grace.
Shortly after God's intervention in giving
the Israelites food to eat, which ought for ever to have closed their murmuring
mouths, they pitched in Rephidim where "there was no water for the people
to drink. Wherefore the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us
water that we may drink. And Moses said unto them, Why chide ye with me?
wherefore do ye tempt the Lord? And the people thirsted there for water;
and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this
that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children
and our cattle with thirst? And Moses cried unto the Lord, saying, What
shall I do unto this people? they be almost ready to stone me."
What was God's response? Did His anger consume them? Did He refuse to bear
longer with such a stiff-necked people? No: "The Lord said unto Moses,
Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and
thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go.
Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou
shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people
may drink" (Exod. 17).
The above incidents were but sadly typical
and illustrative of Israel's general conduct. When the spies were sent
out to view the Promised Land and returned and reported, ten of them magnified
the difficulties which confronted them and advised the people not to attempt
an occupation of Canaan; and though the remaining two faithfully reminded
the Israelites that the mighty Jehovah could easily overcome all their
difficulties, nevertheless, the nation listened not but heeded the word
of their skeptical advisers. Time after time they provoked Jehovah, and
in consequence the whole of that generation perished in the wilderness.
When the succeeding generation was grown, under the leadership of Joshua
they entered the Promised Land and by the aid of God overthrew many of
their enemies and occupied much of their territory. But after the death
of Joshua we read, "There arose another generation after them, which knew
not the Lord, nor yet the works which He had done for Israel. And the children
of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord God of their fathers, which
brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the
gods of the people that were round about them, and bowed themselves unto
them, and provoked the Lord to anger. And they forsook the Lord, and served
Baal and Ashtaroth" (Judge. 2:10-13). There is no need for us to follow
further the fluctuating fortunes of Israel: as is well known, under the
period of the judges their history was a series of returns to the Lord
and subsequent departures from Him; repeated deliverances from the hands
of their enemies, and then returning unfaithfulness on their part, followed
by being again delivered unto their foes. Under the kings it was no better.
The very first of their kings perished thro' his willful disobedience and
apostasy; the third king, Solomon, violated God's law and married heathen
women who turned his heart unto false gods. Solomon, in turn, was followed
by a number of idolatrous rulers, and the path of Israel ran farther and
farther away from the Lord, until He delivered them over unto Nebuchadnezzar
who captured their beloved Jerusalem, destroyed their Temple, and carried
away the people into captivity.
In the repeated mention which we have in the
Old Testament of Israel's sins, we discover, in light as clear as day,
the absolute honesty and candor of those who recorded Israel's history.
No attempt whatever is made to conceal their folly, their unbelief, and
their wickedness; instead, the corrupt condition of their hearts is made
fully manifest, and this, by writers who belonged to, and were born of
the same nation. In the whole realm of literature there is no parallel.
The record of Israel's history is absolutely unique. The careful reader
would at first conclude that Israel as a nation was more depraved than
any other, yet further reflection will show that the inference is a false
one and that the real fact is that the history of Israel has been more
faithfully transmitted than that of any other nation. We mean the history
of Israel as it is recorded in the Holy Scriptures, for in striking contrast
thereto and in exemplification of all that we have written above, it is
noteworthy that Josephus passes over in silence whatever appeared
unfavorable to his nation!!
Coming now to the New Testament we begin with
the character of John the Baptist and the position that he occupied. John
the Baptist is presented as a most eminent personage. We are told that
his birth was due to the miraculous intervention of God. We learn that
he was "filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother's womb" (Luke
1:15). John the Baptist was himself the subject of Old Testament prediction.
The office that he filled was the most honorable which ever fell to the
lot of any member of Adam's race. He was the harbinger of the Messiah.
He was the one who went before our Lord to prepare His way. He had the
honor of baptizing the blessed Redeemer. Now where would human wisdom have
placed him among the attendants of the Lord Jesus? What position would
it have ascribed to him? Surely he would have been set forth as the most
distinguished among our Lord's followers; surely, human wisdom would have
set him at the right hand of the Saviour! Yet what do we find? Instead
of this, we discover that he had no familiar discourse with the Saviour;
instead, we find he was treated with apparent neglect; instead, we find
him represented as occupying the position of a doubter who, as the result
of his imprisonment, was constrained to send a message to his Master to
enquire whether or not He were the promised Messiah. Had his character
been the invention of forgery, nothing would have been heard of his lapse
of faith. Indeed, this is so opposed to the dictates of human wisdom, that
many have been shocked at the thought of ascribing doubts to the eminent
forerunner of Christ, and have taxed their ingenuity to the utmost to force
from the obvious meaning of the record some other and some different signification.
But all these ingenuities of human sophistry are dissipated by the reply
which our Lord made on the occasion of John's inquiry (Matt. 11), a reply
which shows very plainly that the question was asked not for the benefit
of his disciples, but because the Baptist's own heart was harassed with
doubts. Again, we say that no human mind could have invented the character
of John the Baptist, and the faithfulness of his biographers is another
proof that the writers of the Bible were actuated by something more and
something higher than the principles of human nature.
Another striking illustration of our chapter
heading - one which many writers have pointed out - is the treatment the
Son of God received while He tabernacled among men. For two thousand years
Israel's hopes had all centered in the advent of their Messiah. The height
of every Jewish woman's ambition was that she might be selected of God
to have the honor of being the mother of the promised Seed. For centuries,
every pious Hebrew had looked and longed for the day when He should appear
who was to occupy David's throne and rule and reign in righteousness. Yet,
when He did appear how was the Promised One received? "He was despised
and rejected of men." "He came unto His own and His own received Him not."
Those who were His brethren according to the flesh "hated" Him "without
a cause." The very nation which gave Him birth and to which He ministered
in infinite grace and blessing demanded that He should be crucified. The
startling thing which we desire to particularly emphasize is, that the
narrators of this awful tragedy are fellow countrymen of those upon whose
heads rested the guilt of its perpetration. It was Jewish writers who recorded
the fearful crime of the Jewish nation against their Messiah! And, we say
again, that in the recording of that crime no attempt whatever is made
to palliate or extenuate their wickedness; instead, it is denounced and
condemned in the most uncompromising terms. Israel is openly charged with
having taken and with "wicked hands" slain the "Lord of Glory." Such an
honest and impartial recital of Israel's crowning sin can only be explained
on the ground that what these men wrote was inspired of God.
One more illustration must suffice. After
our Lord's death and resurrection, He commissioned His disciples to go
forth carrying from Him a message first to His own nation and later to
"every creature." This message, be it noted, was not a malediction called
down upon the heads of His heartless murderers, but a proclamation of grace.
It was a message of good news, of glad tidings - forgiveness was
to be preached in His name to all men. How then would human wisdom suppose
such a message will be received? It is further to be observed that those
who were thus commissioned to carry the Gospel to the lost, were vested
with power to heal the sick and to cast out demons. Surely such a beneficent
ministry will meet with a universal welcome! Yet, incredible as it may
appear, the Apostles of Christ met with no more appreciation than did their
Master. They, too, were despised and rejected. They, too, were hated and
persecuted. They, too, were ill treated, imprisoned, and put to a shameful
death. And this, not merely from the hands of the bigoted Jews, but from
the cultured Greeks and from the democratic and freedom loving Romans as
well. Though these Apostles brought blessing, they themselves were cursed;
though they sought to emancipate men from the thraldom of sin and Satan,
yet they were themselves captured and thrown into prison; though they healed
the sick and raised the dead, they suffered martyrdom. Surely it is apparent
to every impartial mind that the New Testament is no mere human invention;
and surely it is evident from the honesty of its writers in so faithfully
portraying the enmity of the carnal mind against God, that their productions
can only be accounted for on the ground that they spake and wrote "not
of themselves," but "as they were moved by the Holy Spirit" (II Peter 1:21).
Take its teachings about God Himself.
What does the Bible teach us about God? It declares that He is Eternal:
"Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever Thou hadst formed the
earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, Thou are God"
(Ps. 90:2). It reveals the fact that He is Infinite: "But will God
indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot
contain Thee" (I Kings 8:27). Vast as we know the universe to be, it has
its bounds; but we must go beyond them to conceive of God - "Canst thou
by searching find out God? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?
It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst
thou know? The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than
the sea" (Job 11:7-9). It makes mention of His Sovereignty: "Remember
the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God,
and there is none like Me, declaring the end from the beginning, and from
ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall
stand, and I will do all My pleasure" (Is. 46: 9-10). It affirms that He
is Omnipotent: "Behold I am the Lord, the God of all flesh: is there
anything too hard for Me?" (Jer. 32:27). It intimates that He is Omniscient:
"Great is our Lord, and of great power: His understanding is infinite"
(Ps. 147:5). It teaches that He is Omnipresent: "Can any hide himself
in secret places that I shall not see him? saith the Lord. Do not I fill
heaven and earth? saith the Lord" (Jer. 23:24). It declares that He is
Immutable: "The same yesterday, and today, and forever" (Heb. 13:8).
Yea, that with Him "is no variableness, neither shadow of turning" (James
1:17). It reveals that He is "The Judge of all the earth" (Gen.
18:25) and that every one shall yet have to "give an account of himself
to God" (Rom. 14:12). It announces that He is inflexibly just in
all His dealings so that He can by "no means clear the guilty" (Num. 14:18);
that all will be judged "according to their works" (Rev. 20:12), and that
they shall reap whatsoever they have sown (Gal 6:7). It reveals the fact
that He is absolutely holy, dwelling in light inaccessible. So holy
that even the seraphim have to veil their faces in His presence (Is. 6:2).
So holy that the heavens are not clean in His sight (Job 15:15). So holy
that the best of men when face to face with their Maker, have to cry, "I
abhor myself" (Job 42:6); "Woe is me! For I am undone" (Is. 6:5). Such
a delineation of Deity is as far beyond man's conception as the heavens
are above the earth. No man, and no number of men, ever invented such a
God as this. Ransack the libraries of the ancient, examine the musings
of the mystics, study the religions of the heathen and nothing will be
found which can for a moment be compared with the sublime and exalted description
of God's character which is furnished by the Bible.
The teachings of the Bible about man are unique.
Unlike all other books in the world, the Bible condemns man and all his
doings. It never eulogizes his wisdom, nor praises his achievements. On
the contrary, it declares that "every man at his best state is altogether
vanity" (Ps 39:5). Instead of teaching that man is a noble character, evolving
heavenwards, it tells him that all his righteousnesses (his best works)
are as "filthy rags," that he is a lost sinner, incapable of bettering
his condition; that he is deserving only of Hell.
The picture which the Scriptures give of man
is deeply humiliating and entirely different from all which are drawn by
human pencils. The Word of God describes the state of the natural man in
the following language: - "There is none righteous, no, not one. There
is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. They
are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable. There
is none that doeth good, no, not one. Their throat is an open sepulcher;
with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their
lips; whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. Their feet are swift
to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways: and the way of
peace have they not known. There is no fear of God before their eyes" (Rom.
3:10-18).
Instead of making Satan the source of all
the black crimes of which we are guilty, the Bible declares, "For from
within, out of the heart of man proceed evil thoughts, adulteries,
fornications, murders, thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness,
an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness: all these evil things come
from within and defile the man" (Mark 7:21-23). Such a conception
of man - so different from man's own ideas, and so humilitating to his
proud heart - never could have emanated from man himself. "The heart is
deceitful above all things and desperately wicked" (Jer. 17:9) is a concept
that never originated in any human mind.
The teachings of the Bible about the world
are unique. In nothing perhaps are the teachings of Scripture and the writings
of man at such variance as they are at this point. Using the term as meaning
the world-system in contradistinction to the earth, what is the direction
of man's thoughts concerning the same? Man thinks highly of the world,
for he regards it as his world. It is that which his labors have produced
and he looks upon it with satisfaction and pride. He boasts that "the world
is growing better." He declares that the world is becoming more civilized
and more humanized. Man's thoughts upon this subject have been well summarized
by the poet in the familiar language - "God is in heaven: All's well with
the world." But what saith the Scriptures? Upon this subject, too, we discover
that God's thoughts are very different from ours. The Bible uniformly condemns
the world and speaks of it as a thing of evil. We shall not attempt to
quote every passage which does this, but shall merely single out a few
specimen Scriptures.
"If the world hate you, ye know that it hated
Me before it hated you. If ye were of the world, the world would love his
own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of
the world, therefore the world hateth you" (John 15:18-19). This passage
teaches that the world hates both Christ and His followers. "The
wisdom of this world is foolishness with God" (I Cor 3:19). Certainly no
uninspired pen wrote these words. "Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know
ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore
will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God" (James 4:4). Here again
we learn that the world is an evil thing, condemned by God, and to be shunned
by His children. "Love not the world, neither the things that are in the
world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the
eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world"
(I John 2:15-16). Here we have a definition of the world: it is
all that is opposed to the Father - opposed in its principles and philosophy,
its maxims and methods, its aims and ambitions, its trend and its end "And
the whole world lieth in the Evil One" (I John 5:19, R.V.).
Here we learn why it is that the world hates Christ and His followers;
why its wisdom is foolishness with God; why it is condemned by God and
must be shunned by His children - it is under the dominion of that old
serpent, the devil, whom Scripture specifically denominates "The prince
of this world."
The teachings of the Bible about sin is unique.
Man regards sin as a misfortune and ever seeks to minimize its enormity.
In these days, sin is referred to as ignorance, as a necessary stage in
man's development. By others, sin is looked upon as a mere negation, the
opposite of good; while Mrs. Eddy and her followers went so far as to deny
its existence altogether. But the Bible, unlike every other book, strips
man of all excuse and emphasizes his culpability. In the Bible sin is never
palliated or extenuated, but from first to last the Holy Scriptures insist
upon its enormity and heinousness. The Word of God declares that "sin is
very grievous" (Gen 18:20) and that our sins provoke God to anger (I Kings
16:2). It speaks of the "deceitfulness of sin" (Heb. 3:13) and insists
that sin is "exceedingly sinful" (Rom 7:13). It declares that all sin is
sin against God (Ps. 51:4) and against His Christ (I Cor. 8:12). It regards
our sins as being "as scarlet" and "red like crimson" (Is. 1:18). It declares
that sin is more than an act, it is an attitude. It affirms that sin is
more than a non-compliance with God's law - it is rebellion against the
One who gave the law . It teaches that "sin is lawlessness" (I John
3:4, R.V.), which means that sin is spiritual anarchy, open defiance against
the Almighty. Moreover, it singles out no particular class; it condemns
all alike. It announces that "all have sinned and come short of the glory
of God," that "there is none righteous, no, not one" (Rom. 3). Did man
ever write such an indictment against himself? What human mind ever invented
such a description of sin as that discovered in the Bible? Whoever would
have imagined that sin was such a vile and dreadful thing in the sight
of God that nothing but the precious blood of His own beloved Son could
make an atonement for it!
The teaching of the Bible about the punishment
of sin is unique. A defective view of sin necessarily leads to an inadequate
conception of what is due sin. Minimize the gravity and enormity of sin
and you must proportion- ately reduce the sentence which it deserves. Many
are crying out today against the justice of the eternal punishment of sin.
They complain that the penalty does not fit the crime. They argue that
it is unrighteous for a sinner to suffer eternally in consequence of a
short life span of wrong-doing. But even in this world it is not the length
of time which it takes to commit the crime which determines the severity
of the sentence. Many a man has suffered a life term of imprisonment for
a crime which required only a few minutes for its perpetration. Apart,
however, from this consideration, eternal punishment is just if
sin be looked at from God's viewpoint. But this is just what the
majority of men refuse to do. They look at sin and its deserts solely from
the human side. One reason why the Bible was written was to correct our
ideas and views about sin, to teach us what an unspeakably awful and vile
thing it is, to show us sin as God sees it. For one single sin Adam and
Eve were banished from Eden. For one single sin Canaan and all his posterity
were cursed. For a single sin Korah and his company went down alive into
the pit. For one single sin Moses was debarred from entering the Promised
Land. For a single sin Achan and his family were stoned to death. For a
single sin Elisha's servant was smitten with leprosy. For a single sin
Ananias and Sapphira were cut off out of the land of the living. Why? To
teach us what an infinite evil it is to revolt against the thrice holy
God. We repeat, that did men but see the terribleness of sin - did they
but see that it was sin that put to a shameful death the Lord of Glory
- then they would realize that nothing short of eternal punishment
would meet the demands which justice has upon sinners.
But the great majority of men do not see the
meetness or justice of eternal punishment; on the contrary, they cry out
against it. In lands which were not illumined by the Old Testament Scriptures,
where there existed any belief in a future life, it was held that at death
the wicked either passed thro' some temporary suffering for remedial and
purifying purposes or else they were annihilated. Even in Christendom,
where the Word of God has held a prominent and public place for centuries,
the great bulk of the people do not believe in eternal punishment. They
argue that God is too merciful and kind to ban one of His own creatures
to endless misery. Yea, not a few of the Lord's own people are afraid to
take the solemn teachings of the Scriptures on this subject at their face
value. It is therefore evident that had the Bible been written by uninspired
men; had it been a mere human composition, it certainly would not
have taught the eternal and conscious torment of all who die out of Christ.
The fact that the Bible does so teach is conclusive proof that it
was written by men who spake not of themselves, but as they were "moved
by the Holy Spirit."
The teachings of God's Word upon eternal punishment
are as clear and explicit as they are solemn and awful. They declare that
the doom of the Christ rejector is a conscious, never-ending, indescribable
torment. The Bible depicts the place of punishment as a realm where the
"worm dieth not" and "the fire is not quenched" (Mark 9:48). It speaks
of it as a lake of fire and brimstone (Rev. 20:10), where even a drop of
water is denied the agonized sufferer (Luke 16:24). It declares that "the
smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no
rest day nor night" (Rev. 14:11). It represents the world of the lost as
a scene into which penetrates no light - "the blackness of darkness for
ever" (Jude 1: 13) - a doom alleviated by no ray of hope. In short, the
portion of the lost will be unbearable, yet it will have to be borne, and
borne for ever. What mortal mind conceived of such a fate? Such a conception
is too repugnant and repulsive to the human heart to have had its birth
on the earth.
The teachings of the Bible about Salvation
from Sin is unique. Man's thoughts about salvation, like every other
subject which engages his mind are defective and deficient. Hence the force
of the admonition - "Let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous
man his thoughts" (Is. 55:7). In the first place, left to himself,
man fails to realize his need of salvation. In the pride of his heart he
imagines that he is sufficient in himself, and thro' the darkening of his
understanding by sin he fails to comprehend his ruined and lost condition.
Like the self-righteous Pharisee, he thanks God that he is not as other
men, that he is morally the superior of the savage or the criminal, and
refuses to believe that so far as his standing before God is concerned
there is "no difference." It is not until the Holy Spirit deals with him
that man is constrained to cry, "God be merciful to me a sinner."
In the second place man is ignorant of the
way of salvation. Even when man has been brought to the place where
he recognizes that he is not prepared to meet God, and that if he died
in his present state he would be eternally lost; even then he has no right
conception of the remedy. Being ignorant of God's righteousness he goes
about to establish his own righteousness. He supposes that he must make
some personal reparation for his past wrong-doings, that he must work for
his salvation, do something to merit the esteem of God, and thus win heaven
as a reward. The highest concept of man's mind is that of merit.
To him salvation is a wage to be earned, a crown to be coveted, a prize
to be won. The proof of this is to be seen in the fact that even when pardon
and life are presented as a free gift, the universal tendency, at
first, is to regard it as being "too good to be true." Yet, such is the
plain teaching of God's Word - "For by grace are ye saved through faith;
and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works; lest any
man should boast" (Eph. 2:8-9). And again - "Not by works of righteousness
which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us" (Titus 3:5).
If it is true that man left to himself would
never have fully realized his need of salvation, and would never have discovered
that it was by grace thro' faith and not of works, how much less would
the human mind have been capable of rising to the level of what God's Word
teaches about the nature of salvation and the glorious and marvelous
destiny of the saved! Who would have thought that the Maker and
Ruler of the universe should lay hold of poor, fallen, depraved men and
women and lifting them out of the miry clay should make them His own sons
and daughters, and should seat them at His own table! Who would ever have
suggested that those who deserve naught but everlasting shame and contempt,
should be made "heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ"! Who would have
dreamed that beggars should be lifted from the dunghill of sin and made
to sit together with Christ in heavenly places! Who would have imagined
that the corrupted offspring of disobedient Adam should be exalted to a
position higher than that occupied by the unfallen angels! Who would have
dared to affirm that one day we shall be "made like Christ" and "be for
ever with the Lord"! Such concepts were as far beyond the reach of the
highest human intellect as they were of the rudest savage. "But as it is
written, eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the
heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love Him.
But God hath revealed them unto us by His Spirit: for the
Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God" (I Cor. 2:9-10).
Again we ask, what human intellect could have
devised a means whereby God could be just and yet merciful, merciful and
yet just? What mortal mind would ever have dreamed of a free and full salvation,
bestowed on hell-deserving sinners, "without money and without price"!
And what flight of carnal imagination would ever have conceived of the
Son of God Himself being "made sin" for us and dying the Just for the unjust?
The teaching of the Bible concerning the Saviour
of sinners is unique. The description which the Scriptures furnish
of the Person, the Character, and the Work of the Lord Jesus Christ is
without anything that approaches a parallel in the whole realm of literature.
It is easier to suppose that man could create a world than to believe he
invented the character of our adorable Redeemer. Given a piece of machinery
that is delicate, complex, exact in all its movements, and we know it must
be the product of a competent mechanic. Given a work of art that is beautiful,
symmetrical, original, and we know it must be the product of a master artist.
None but an Angelo could have designed Saint Peter's; none but a Raphael
could have painted the "transfiguration;" none but a Milton could have
written a "Paradise Lost." And, none but the Holy Spirit could have produced
the peerless portrait of the Lord Jesus which we find in the Gospels. In
Christ all excellencies combine. Here is one of the many respects
in which He differs from all other Bible characters. In each of the great
heroes of Scripture some trait stands out with peculiar distinctness -
Noah, faithful testimony; Abraham, faith in God; Isaac, submission to his
father; Joseph, love for his brethren; Moses, unselfishness and meekness;
Joshua, courage and leadership; Job, fortitude and patience; Daniel, fidelity
to God; Paul, zeal in service; John, spiritual discernment - but in the
Lord Jesus every grace is found. Moreover, in Him all these perfections
were properly poised and balanced. He was meek yet regal; He was gentle
yet fearless; He was compassionate yet just; He was submissive yet authoritative;
He was Divine yet human; add to these, the fact that He was absolutely
"without sin" and His uniqueness becomes apparent. Nowhere in all the writings
of antiquity is there to be found the presentation of such a peerless and
wondrous character.
Not only is the portrayal of Christ's character
without any rival, but the teaching of the Bible concerning His Person
and Work is also utterly incredible on any other basis save that they are
part of a Divine revelation. Who would have dared to imagine the
Creator and Upholder of the universe taking upon Himself the form of a
servant and being made in the likeness of men? Who would have conceived
the idea of the Lord of Glory being born in a manger? Who would have dreamed
of the Object of angelic worship becoming so poor that he had not where
to lay His head? Who would have declared that the One before whom the seraphim
veil their faces should be led as a lamb to the slaughter, should have
suffered His own blessed face to be defiled with the vile spittle of man,
and should permit the creatures of His hand to scourge and buffet Him?
Whoever would have conceived of Emmanuel becoming obedient unto death,
even the death of the Cross!
Here then is an argument which the simplest
can grasp. The Scriptures contain their own evidence that they are
Divinely inspired. Every page of Holy Writ is stamped with Jehovah's autograph.
The uniqueness of its teachings demonstrates the uniqueness of its Source.
The teachings of the Scriptures about God Himself, about man, about the
world, about sin, about eternal punishment, about salvation, about the
Lord Jesus Christ, are proof that the Bible is not the product of any man
or any number of men, but is in truth a revelation from God.
In Isaiah 41:21-23 we have what is probably
the most remarkable challenge to be found in the Bible. "Produce your cause,
saith the Lord; bring forth your strong reasons, saith the King of Jacob.
Let them bring them forth, and show us what shall happen; let them show
the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the
latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. Show
the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods."
This Scripture has both a negative and a positive value: negatively it
suggests an infallible criterion by which we may test the claims of religious
impostors; positively, it calls attention to an unanswerable argument for
the truthfulness of God's Word. Jehovah bids the prophets of false faiths
to successfully predict events lying in the far distant future and their
success or failure will show whether or not they are gods or merely pretenders
and deceivers. On the other hand, the demonstrated fact that God alone
grasps the ages and in His Word declares the end from the beginning, shows
that he is God and that Scriptures are His Inspired Revelation to
mankind.
Again and again men have attempted to predict
future events but always with the most disastrous failure, the anticipations
of the most far-seeing and the precautions of the wisest are mocked repeatedly
by the bitter irony of events. Man stands before an impenetrable wall of
darkness, he is unable to foresee the events of even the next hour. None
knows what a day may bring forth. To the finite mind the future is filled
with unknown possibilities. How then can we explain the hundreds of detailed
prophecies in the Scriptures which have been literally fulfilled to the
letter, hundreds of years after they were uttered? How can we account for
the fact that the Bible successfully foretold hundreds, and in some instances
thousands of years beforehand, the History of the Jews, the Course of the
Gentiles, and the Experiences of the Church? The most conservative of critics,
and the most daring assailants of God's Word are compelled to acknowledge
that all the Books of the Old Testament were written hundreds of years
before the incarnation of our Lord, hence, the actual and accurate
fulfillment of these prophecies can only be explained on the hypothesis
that "Prophecy came not at any time by the will of men: but holy men of
God, spake, moved by the Holy Ghost."
The Inspirer of the Scriptures has told us
that "We have also a more sure word of prophecy; where unto ye do well
that ye take heed as unto a light that shineth in a dark place" (II Peter
1:19). In the limited space at our command we shall appeal to but a few
from among the many fulfilled prophecies of God's Word, and shall limit
ourselves to those which have reference to the Person and Work
of the Lord Jesus Christ. The cumulative force of these will be sufficient,
we trust, to convince any impartial inquirer that none other but the mind
of God could have disclosed the future and unveiled beforehand far distant
events.
"The testimony of Jesus is the Spirit of Prophecy."
The Lamb of God is the one great object and subject of the Prophetic Word.
In Genesis 3:15 we have the first word about the Coming of Christ. Speaking
to the serpent, Jehovah said, "And I will put enmity between thee and the
woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and
thou shall bruise His heel." Note that the Coming One was to be the "woman's
seed," the Miraculous Character of our Lord's Birth being thus foretold
four thousand years before He was born at Bethlehem!
In Genesis 22:18 we have the second distinct
Messianic prophecy. Unto Abraham, the angel of the Lord declared, "And
in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." Not only was
the Saviour of sinners to be human as well as Divine, not only was He to
be the "woman's" seed, but in the above Scripture it was declared that
He should be a descendant of Abraham - an Israelite. How this was fulfilled
we may see by a reference to the first verse in the New Testament, where
we are told (Matt. 1: 1) that Jesus Christ was "The Son of David, the
son of Abraham."
But still further was the compass narrowed
down, for we have intimated in the Old Testament Scriptures the very tribe
from which the Messiah was to issue - our Lord was to come of the tribe
of Judah (the "kingly" tribe). He was to be a descendant of David.
Nathan the prophet was commanded by God to go and say to David, "I will
set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels,
and I will stablish His kingdom. He shall build an house for My name, and
I will stablish the throne of His kingdom for ever" (II Sam. 7:12-13).
And again, in Psalm 132:11 David declares concerning the promised Messiah,
"The Lord hath sworn in truth unto David; (He will not turn from it) Of
the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne.
Not only was our Lord's nationality
defined hundreds of years before His incarnation, but the very place
of His birth was also given. In Micah 5:2 we are informed, "But thou,
Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah,
but out of thee shall He come forth unto Me that is to be Ruler in Israel;
whose goings forth have been from of old, from the days of eternity." Christ
was to be born in Bethlehem, and not only in one of the several
villages which bore that name in Palestine, but Bethlehem of Judea
was to be the birth-place of the world's Redeemer; and though Mary was
a native of Nazareth (far distant from Bethlehem) yet through the providence
of God, His Word was literally fulfilled by His Son being born in Bethlehem
of Judea.
Further, the very time of Messiah's
appearing was given through both Jacob and Daniel (see Gen. 49:10 and Daniel
9:24-26). Now in order to appreciate the force of these marvelous, super-natural
prophecies, let the reader seek to foretell the nationality, place and
time of the birth of some one who shall be born in the twenty-fifth century
A. D., and then he will realize that none but a man inspired and informed
by God Himself could perform such an otherwise impossible feat.
So definite and distinct were the Old Testament
prophecies respecting the Birth of Christ, that the hope of Israel became
the Messianic Hope; all their expectations were centered in the coming
of the Messiah. It is therefore the more remarkable that their sacred Scriptures
should contain another set of prophecies which predicted that He should
be despised by His own nation and rejected by His own kinsmen. We can only
now call attention to one of the prophecies which declared that the Messiah
of Israel should be slighted and scorned by His brethren according to the
flesh.
In Isaiah 53:2-3 we read, "And when we (Israel)
shall see Him, there is no beauty that we should desire Him. He is despised
and rejected of men; a Man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and we
hid as it were our faces from Him; He was despised, and we
esteemed Him not!" We pause here for a moment to enlarge upon this
strange and striking phenomenon.
For more than fifteen centuries the Coming
of the Messiah had been the one great national Hope of Israel. From the
cradle the sons of Abraham were taught to pray and long for His advent.
The eagerness with which they awaited the appearing of the Star of Jacob
is absolutely without parallel in the history of any other nation. How
then can we account for the fact that when He did come He was despised
and rejected? How can we explain the fact that side by side with the intense
longing for the manifestation of their King, one of their own prophets
foretold that when He did appear men would hide their faces from Him and
esteem Him not? Finally, what explanation have we to offer for the fact
that such things were predicted centuries before He came to this
earth and that they were literally fulfilled to the very letter?
As another has said, "No prediction could have seemed more improbable,
and yet none ever received a sadder and more complete fulfillment."
We pass on now to those predictions which
have reference to the death of our Lord. If it was wonderful
that an Israelitish prophet should foretell the rejection of the Messiah
by His own nation, what shall we say to the fact that the Old Testament
Scriptures prophesied in detail concerning the manner or form
of His death? Yet again and again we find this to be the case! Let
us examine a few typical instances.
First, it was intimated that our Lord should
be betrayed and sold for the price of a common slave. In Zechariah 11:12
we read, "So they weighed for My price thirty pieces of silver."
Who was it that was able to declare, centuries before the event came to
pass, the exact amount that Judas should receive for his dastardly deed?
In Isaiah 53:7 we have another line in this marvelous picture which human
wisdom could not possibly have supplied - "He is brought as a lamb to the
slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so He opened
not His mouth." Who could have foreseen this most unusual sight, of
a prisoner standing before his judges with his life at stake, yet attempting
and offering no defense? Yet this is precisely what did happen in connection
with our Lord, for we are told in Mark 15:5, "But Jesus yet answered
nothing; so that Pilate marveled." Again; who was it that knew seven
hundred years before the greatest tragedy of human history was enacted
that the Son of God, the King of the Jews, the gentlest and meekest Man
who ever trod our earth, should be scourged and spat upon? Yet such an
experience was foretold: "I gave My back to the smiters, and My
cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not My face from shame
and spitting" (Is. 50:6).
Further; the form of capital punishment reserved
for Jewish criminals was "stoning to death," and in David's time
the experience of "crucifixion" was entirely unknown, yet we find in Psalm
22:16 that Israel's king was inspired to write, "They pierced My hands
and My feet!" Again; what human foresight could have seen that in His thirst-agonies
upon the cross our Lord should be given gall and vinegar to drink? Yet
it was declared a thousand years before the Lord of Glory was nailed to
the tree that, "They gave Me also gall for My meat; and in My thirst they
gave Me vinegar to drink." (Ps. 69:21). Finally; we ask, how could David
foretell, unless he was inspired by the Holy Spirit, that our Lord should
be taunted by His enemies and challenged to come down from the Cross? Yet
in Psalm 22:7-8 we read, "All they that see Me laugh Me to scorn: they
shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, He trusted on the Lord
that He would deliver Him: let Him deliver Him, seeing He delighted in
Him." Such examples as the above might be multiplied indefinitely, but
sufficient illustrations have already been given to warrant us in saying
that the fulfilled prophecies of the Bible bespeak the omniscience of its
Author.
Were it necessary, and had we the space at
our command, scores of additional fulfilled prophecies relating to the
History of Israel, the Course of the Gentiles, and the Experiences of the
Church - prophecies just as definite, accurate, and remarkable as those
relating to the Person of the Lord Jesus Christ - could be given, but our
present limits and purpose forbid us so doing.
Having examined a few of the startling prophecies
which treat of the Birth and Death of our Saviour, it now only remains
for us to apply in a word the significance of this argument. Many have
read over these Scriptures before and perhaps have regarded them as being
wonderfully descriptive of the Advent and Passion of Jesus Christ, but
how many have carefully weighed the fact that each of these Scriptures
were in indisputable existence more than five hundred years before our
Lord came to this earth?
Man is unable to accurately predict events
which are but twenty-four hours distant; only the Divine Mind could have
foretold the future, centuries before it came to be. Hence, we affirm with
the utmost confidence, that the hundreds of fulfilled prophecies in the
Bible attest and demonstrate the truth that the Scriptures are the inspired,
infallible, inerrant Word of God.
"In the volume of the Book it is written of
Me" (Heb. 10:7). Christ is the Key to the Scriptures. Said He, "Search
the Scriptures..they are they which testify of Me." (John 5:39),
and the "Scriptures" to which He had reference, were not the four Gospels
for they were not then written, but the writings of Moses and the prophets.
The Old Testament Scriptures then are something more than a compilation
of historical records, something more than a system of social and religious
legislation, something more than a code of ethics. The Old Testament Scriptures
are fundamentally a stage on which is shown forth in vivid symbolism and
ritualism the whole plan of redemption. The events recorded in the Old
Testament were actual occurrences, yet they were also typical prefigurations.
Throughout the Old Testament dispensations God caused to be shadowed forth
in parabolic representation the whole work of redemption by means of a
constant and vivid appeal to the senses. This was in full accord with a
fundamental law in the economy of God. Nothing is brought to maturity at
once. As it is in the natural world, so it is in the spiritual: there is
first the blade, then the ear, and then the full corn in the ear. Concerning
the Person and work of the Lord Jesus, God first gave a series of pictorial
representations, later a large number of specific prophecies, and last
of all, when the fullness of time was come, God sent forth His own Son.
It is failure to discern the typical import
of the Old Testament Scriptures which has caused so great a part of them
to be slighted by so many readers of the Bible. To multitudes of people
the Pentateuch is little more than a compilation of effete and meaningless
ceremonial rites, and if there is nothing in them more excellent than their
outward semblance, then, surely, it is passing strange that they should
find a place in the Word of God. Take Christ out of Old Testament
ritual and you are left with nothing but the dry and empty shell of a nut.
It is therefore a matter of small surprise that those who see so little
of Christ in the Old Testament Scriptures should undervalue the instruction
and edification to be derived from every part of them, and that they entertain
such degrading ideas of their inspiration. Deny that there is a spiritual
meaning in all the laws and customs of the Israelites and what food for
the soul can be gathered from a study of them? Deny that they are so many
typical representations of Christ and His Sacrifice for sin and you cast
reproach on the name and wisdom of God by suggesting that He instituted
the carnal ordinances, the cumbrous ceremonies, the propitiations by sacrifice
of animals, which are recorded in the opening Books of the Bible.
The typical import and the spiritual value
of the Jewish economy, both as a whole and in its many parts, is expressly
affirmed in the New Testament. The Apostle Paul, when referring to
the narratives and events recorded in the Old Testament, declares that,
"Whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning"
(Rom. 15:4). Later, when making mention of Israel's exodus from Egypt and
their journey through the wilderness, he affirms, "Now these things were
our examples" and "Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples:
(marg. "types") and they are written for our admonition" (I Cor.
10:6-11). Again; when commenting upon, and while expounding the spiritual
significance of the Tabernacle, he declares that it was "the example and
shadow of heavenly things" (Heb. 8:5). In the next chapter he declares,
"The Tabernacle...was a figure for the time then present" (Heb.
9:8-9) and in Hebrews 10 he states, "The law" had "a shadow of good
things to come" (10:1). From these declarations it is evident that God
Himself caused the Tabernacle to be erected exactly according to the pattern
which He had showed Moses, for the express purpose that it should be a
type for symbolizing heavenly things. Hence it becomes our privilege and
bounden duty to seek by the help of the Holy Spirit to ascertain the meaning
of the types of the Old Testament.
In addition to the express declarations of
the New Testament quoted above, there are a number of additional passages
which also teach the same thing. John the Baptist hailed our Saviour as
"The Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world," that is, as
the great Antitype of the sacrificial lambs of Old Testament ritual.
In His discourse with Nicodemus our Lord alluded to the lifting up of the
Brazen Serpent in the wilderness as a type of His own lifting up on the
Cross. Writing to the Corinthians the Apostle Paul said, "Christ our
Passover is sacrificed for us" (I Cor. 5:7), thus signifying that Exodus
12 pointed forward to the Lord Jesus. Writing to the Galatians the same
Apostle makes mention of the history of Abraham, his wives and his children,
and then states "which things are an allegory" (Gal. 4:24). Now
there are many brethren who will own the typical significance of these
things, but who refuse to acknowledge that anything else in the Old Testament
has a typical meaning save those which are expressly interpreted in the
New. But this we conceive to be a mistake and to place a limit upon the
scope and value of the Word of God. Rather let us regard those Old Testament
types which are expounded in the New Testament as samples of
others which are not explained. Are there no more prophecies in the Old
Testament than those which, in the New Testament, are said to be "fulfilled"?
Assuredly. Then let us admit the same concerning the types.
Several volumes would be filled were we to
dwell upon everything in the Old Testament which has a typical meaning
and spiritual application. All we can now attempt is to single out a few
illustrations as samples, leaving our readers to pursue further this entrancing
study for themselves.
The very first chapter of Genesis is rich
in its spiritual contents. Not only does it give us the only reliable and
authentic account of the creation of this world, but it also reveals God's
order in the work of the new creation. In Genesis 1:1 we have the original
or primitive creation - "in the beginning". From the next verse we infer
that some dreadful calamity followed. The handiwork of God was marred,
"the earth became (not "was") without form and void" - a desolate waste
and empty ruin. The earth was submerged. A scene of dreariness and death
is introduced - "and darkness was upon the face of the deep." Not only
was this the history of the earth, but it was also the history of man.
In the beginning he was created by God - created in the image and likeness
of his Maker. But a terrible calamity followed. An enemy appeared on the
scene. The heart of the creature was seduced, unbelief and disobedience
being the consequence. Man fell, and awful was his fall. God's image was
broken: human nature was ruined by sin: desolation and death took the place
of God's likeness and life. In consequence of his sin, man's mind was blinded
and darkness rested upon the face of his understanding.
Next, we read in Genesis 1, of the work reconstruction.
The order followed is profoundly significant - "The Spirit of God moved
upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there
was light" (vs. 3-4). The parallel holds good in regeneration. In the work
of the new birth which is performed within the darkened and spiritually
dead sinner, the Spirit of God is the prime mover, convicting the soul
of its lost and ruined condition and revealing the need of the appointed
Saviour. The instrument that He employs is the written Word, the Word of
God, and in every genuine conversion God says, "Let there be light," and
there is light. "For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness,
hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory
of God in the face of Jesus Christ" (II Cor. 4:6). The parallel might be
followed much further, but sufficient has been said to show that beneath
the actual history of Genesis 1 may be discerned by the anointed eye the
spiritual history of the believer's new creation, and as such it bears
the stamp of its Divine Author and evidences the fact that the opening
chapter of the Bible is no mere human compilation.
In the coats of skin with which the Lord God
clothed our first parents we have an incident that is full of spiritual
instruction and which could never have been invented by man. To obtain
these skins life had to be taken, blood had to be shed, the innocent (animals)
must die in the place of Adam and Eve who were guilty, so as to provide
a covering for them. Thus, the Gospel truths of redemption by blood-shedding
and salvation thro' a substitutionary sacrifice, were preached in Eden.
Be it noted that man did not have to provide a covering for himself any
more than the "prodigal son" did, nor were they asked to clothe themselves
any more than was he: in the one case we read, "The Lord God made coats
of skins and clothed them" (Gen. 3:21), and in the other the command
was, "Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him" (Luke 15:22),
and both speak of "the robe of righteousness" (Is. 61:10) which is furnished
in Christ.
In the offerings which Cain and Abel presented
to the Lord, and in the response which they met with, we discover a foreshadowing
of New testament truths. Abel brought of the firstlings of the flock with
their fat. He recognized that he was alienated from God and could not draw
nigh to Him without a suitable offering. He saw that his own life was forfeited
thro' sin, that justice clamored for his death, and that his only hope
lay in another (a lamb) dying in his stead. By faith Abel presented
his bloody offering to God and it was accepted. On the other hand, Cain
refused to take the place of a lost sinner before God. He refused to acknowledge
that death was his due. He refused to place his confidence in a sacrificial
substitute. He brought as an offering to God the fruits of the ground -
the product of his own labors and in consequence, his offering was rejected.
Thus, at the commencement of human history we have shown forth the fact
that salvation is by grace thro' faith and altogether apart from works
(Eph. 2: 8-9).
In the great Deluge and the ark in which Noah
and his house found shelter, we have a typification of great spiritual
verities. From them we learn that God takes cognizance of the doings of
His creatures; that He is holy and sin is abhorrent to Him; that His righteousness
requires Him to punish sin and destroy sinners. Yet, here also we learn
that in judgment God remembers mercy, that He has no pleasure in the death
of the wicked; that His grace provides a refuge if only His sinful creatures
will avail themselves of His provision. Yet only in one place can deliverance
from the Divine wrath be found. In the ark alone is safety and security.
And, in like manner, today, there is only one Saviour for sinners, and
that is the Lord Jesus Christ, "Neither is there salvation in any other:
for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must
be saved" (Act 4:12).
In the deliverance of Israel from Egypt and
their wilderness journey we see portrayed the history of God's people in
the present dispensation. We, too, were living in a world "without God
and without hope." We, too, were in bondage to the cruel taskmasters of
sin and Satan. We, too, were in imminent danger of falling beneath the
sword of the avenging Angel of Justice. But, for us, too, a way of escape
was provided. For us, too, a Lamb was slain. Unto us, too, was given the
precious promise, "When I see the blood I will pass over you" (Exod.
12:13). And we, too, were redeemed by Almighty power and were "delivered
from the power of darkness and translated into the kingdom of God's dear
Son" (Col. 1:13)
After our exodus from Egypt there lies before
us a pilgrim journey thro' a barren and hostile wilderness as we journey
toward the Promised Land. We have to pass thro' a strange country and meet
with enemy forces, that we are unable to overcome in our own strength.
For these tasks our own resources - the things we brought with us out of
Egypt - are altogether inadequate, and thus we, too, are cast upon the
sufficiency of Israel's God. And blessed be His name, ample provision is
made for us and grace is furnished for every need. For us there is heavenly
manna in the exceeding great and precious promises of God. For us there
comes water out of the Smitten Rock in the person of the Holy Spirit (John
7:38-39) who refreshes our souls by taking of the things of Christ and
showing them unto us and who strengthens us with might in the inner man.
For us too, there is a pillar of cloud and fire to guide us by day and
by night in the Holy Scriptures which are a lamp unto our feet and a light
unto our path. For us, too, there is One to counsel and direct us, to intercede
for us and help us overcome our Amalekites in the Captain of our salvation
who has said, "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end." And, at the
close of our pilgrimage we shall enter a fairer land than that which flowed
with milk and honey for we have been begotten "to an inheritance incorruptible
and undefiled, and that faded not away, reserved in heaven" for us.
Let the careful and impartial reader weigh
thoroughly what has been said above, and surely it is evident that the
numerous resemblances between the story of Israel and the spiritual history
of God's children in this dispensation cannot be so many coincidences,
and can only be accounted for on the ground that the writings of Moses
were inspired by the Living God.
The history of Israel in Canaan as the professed
people of God corresponds with the history of the professing church in
the New Testament dispensation. After Moses, the one who led Israel out
from their Egyptian bondage, came Joshua who led Israel in their conquest
of Canaan. So after our Lord left this earth, He sent the Holy Spirit who
through the Apostles caused the Jericho's and Ai's of Paganism to be overthrown
and the greater part of the world to be evangelized. But after their occupancy
of Canaan Israel's history was a sad one, being characterized by spiritual
declination and departure from God. So it was with the professing church.
Very quickly after the death of the Apostles heresy corrupted the Christian
profession, and just as Israel of old grew tired of a theocracy and demanded
a human head and king, like the nations which surrounded them, so the professing
church became dissatisfied with the New Testament form of church government
and submitted to the domination of a pope. And just as Israel's kings became
more and more corrupt until God would bear with them no longer and sold
His people into captivity, so after the setting up of the Papal See there
followed the long period of the Dark Ages when Europe was subjected to
a spiritual bondage and when the Word of God was bound in chains. Then,
just as God raised up Ezra and Nehemiah to recover the living oracle and
to lead out of their captivity a remnant of His people, so in the sixteenth
century, A. D., God raised up Luther and honored contemporaries to bring
about the great Reformation of Protestantism. Finally: just as after the
days of Ezra and Hehemiah the Jews in Palestine witnessed a marked spiritual
declination, ultimately lapsing into the ritualism of the Pharisees and
the rationalism of the Sadducees from which God's elect were delivered
only by the appearing of His own Son, so has history repeated itself. Since
Reformation and the last of the Puritans, Christendom has moved swiftly
in the direction of the predicted apostasy, and today we have reproduced
the ancient Phariseeism in the rapid spread of Roman Catholicism, and the
ancient Sadduceeism in the far-reaching effects of the infidelistic Higher
Criticism: and as it was before, so it will be again - God's elect will
be delivered only by the reappearing of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
Thus we see how wonderfully and accurately
the Old testament history runs parallel with and anticipated the history
of the professing church in the New Testament dispensation. It has been
truly said that "Coming events cast their shadows before them," and who
but He who knows the end from the beginning and who upholds all things
by the word of His power, could have caused the shadow of the Old Testament
to have taken the shape they did, and thus give a true and comprehensive
parabolic setting forth of that which has taken place thousands of years
later!
But not only do the broad outlines of Old
Testament history possess a typical meaning, everything in the Old Testament
Scriptures has a spiritual value.
Every battle fought by the Israelites, every
change in the administration of their government, every detail in their
elaborate ceremonialism, and every personal biography narrated in the Bible,
is designed for our instruction and edification. The Bible contains nothing
that is superfluous. From beginning to end the Scriptures testify of Christ.
Inanimate objects like the ark, which tells of security in Christ from
the storms of Divine wrath; like the manna, which speaks of Him as the
Bread of Life; like the brazen Serpent uplifted on the pole, of the Tabernacle,
which presents Him as the meeting place of God and men - all foreshadowed
the Redeemer. Living creatures like the Passover Lamb, the sacrificial
bullocks, goats and rams, all pointed forward in general and in detail
to the great Sacrifice for sins. Institutions like the Passover which prefigured
His death; like the waving of the first-fruits, which forecast His resurrection;
like the fast of Pentecost with its two loaves baken with leaven, telling
of the uniting into one Body of the Jew and the Gentile; like the Burnt,
the Meal and the Peace "sweet savor" offerings, which proclaimed the excellency
of Christ's person in the esteem of God - all emblemized our blessed Saviour.
And, many of the leading personages of Old Testament biography gave a remarkable
delineation of our Lord's character and earthly ministry.
Abel was a type of Christ. His name signifies
vanity and emptiness which foreshadowed the Lord Jesus who "made Himself
of no reputation," literally "emptied Himself" (Phil. 2:7), when
He assumed the nature of man who is "like unto vanity" (Ps. 72:9). By calling,
Abel, was a shepherd, and it was in his shepherd character he brought an
offering to God, namely, the firstlings of his flock - speaking of the
Good Shepherd who offered Himself to God. The offering which Abel brought
to God is termed an "excellent" one (Heb. 11:4) and as such it pointed
forward to the precious blood of Christ, the value of which cannot
be estimated in silver and gold. Abel's offering was accepted by God, God
"testifying" His approval of it; and, in like manner, God publicly witnessed
to His acceptance of Christ's sacrifice when He raised Him from the Dead
(Acts 2:32). Abel's offering still speaks to God - "by it he being
dead, yet speaketh;" so, too, Christ's offering "speaks" to God (Heb. 12:24).
Though guilty of no offense, Abel was hated by his brother and cruelly
slain at his hand, foreshadowing the treatment which the Lord Jesus received
at the hands of the Jews - His brethren according to the flesh.
Isaac was a type of Christ. he was the child
of promise. His nativity was announced by an angel. He was supernaturally
begotten. He was born at an appointed time. He was named by God (Gen. 1:
18-19). He was the "seed" to whom the promises were made and thro' whom
they were secured. He became obedient unto death. He carried on his own
shoulder the wood on which he was to be offered. He was securely fastened
to the alter. He was presented as a sacrifice to God. He was offered on
Mount Moriah - the same on which,two thousand years later, Jesus Christ
was offered. And, it was on the "third day" that Abraham received him back
"in a figure" from the dead (Heb. 11:19).
Joseph is a type of Christ. He was Jacob's
well-beloved son. He readily responded to his father's will when asked
to go on a mission to his brethren. While seeking his brethren he became
a "wanderer in the field" (Gen. 37:15) - the "field" figuring the world
(see Matt. 13:38). He found his brethren in Dothan which signifies the
law - so the Lord Jesus found His brethren under the bondage of the law.
His brethren mocked and refused to receive him. His brethren took counsel
together against him that they might put him to death. Judah (Judas is
the Greek form of the same word) advised his brethren to sell Joseph to
the Ishmaelites. After he had been rejected by his brethren, Joseph was
taken down into Egypt in order that he might become a Saviour to the world.
While in Egypt, Joseph was tempted, not without any compromise he put from
him the evil solicitation. He was falsely accused and thro' no fault of
his own was cast into prison. There he was the interpreter of dreams -
the one who threw light on what was mysterious. In prison he became the
savor of life to the butler, and the savor of death to the baker. After
a period of humiliation and shame, he was exalted to the throne of Egypt.
From that throne he administered bread to a hungering and perishing humanity.
Subsequently Joseph became known to his brethren, and in fulfillment of
what he had previously announced to them, they bowed down before him and
owned his sovereignty.
Moses was a type of Christ. Moses became the
adopted son of Pharaoh's daughter - so that legally he had a mother but
no father, thus typifying our Lord's miraculous birth of a virgin.
During infancy his life was endangered by the evil designs of the ... ruler.
Like Christ's, his early life was spent in Egypt. Later, he renounced the
position of royalty, refusing to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter;
and he who was rich, for the sake of his people, became poor. Before he
commenced His life's work, a long period was spent in Midian in obscurity.
Here he received a call and commission from God to go to deliver his brethren
out of their terrible bondage. The credentials of his mission were seen
in the miracles which he performed. Though despised and rejected by the
rulers in Egypt, he, nevertheless, succeeded in delivering his own people.
Subsequently, he became the leader and head of all Israel. In character
he was the meekest man in all the earth. In all God's house he was faithful
as a servant. In the wilderness he sent twelve men to spy out Canaan as
our Lord sent out the twelve Apostles to preach the Gospel. He fasted for
forty days. On the mount he was transfigured so that the skin of his face
shone. He acted as God's prophet to the people, as as the people's intercessor
before God. He was the only man mentioned in the Old Testament that was
prophet, priest and king. He was the giver of a Law, the builder of a Tabernacle,
and the organizer of a Priesthood. His last act was to "bless the people
(Deut. 33:29), as our Lord's last act was to "bless" His disciples (Luke
24:50).
Samson was a type of Christ - see the Book
on Judges. An angel announced his birth (13:3). From birth he was a Nazarite
(13:5) - separated to God. Before he was born it was promised that he should
be a saviour to Israel (13:5). He was treated unkindly by his own nation
(15:11-13). He was delivered up to the Gentiles by his own countrymen (15:12).
He was mocked and cruelly treated by the Gentiles (16:19-21, 25) yet he
was a mighty deliverer of Israel. His miracles were performed under the
power of the Holy Spirit (14:19). He accomplished more in his death than
he did in his life (16:30). He was imprisoned in the enemy's stronghold;
the gates were barred, and a watch was set; yet, rising up at midnight,
in the early hours of the morning - "a great while before day" - he burst
the bars, broke open the gate, and issued forth triumphant - a remarkable
type of our Lord's resurrection. He occupied the position of "judge," as
our Lord will in the last great day.
David was a type of Christ. He was born in
Bethlehem. He is described as "of a beautiful countenance and goodly to
look upon." His name means "the beloved." By occupation he was a shepherd.
During his shepherd life he entered into conflict with wild beasts. He
slew Goliath - the opposer of God's people and a type of Satan. From the
obscurity of shepherdhood he was exalted to Israel's throne. He was anointed
as king before he was coronated. He was preeminently a man of prayer
(see the Psalms) and is the only one in Scripture termed "The man after
God's own heart." He was a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, suffering
chiefly from those of his own household. Repeated attempts were made upon
his life by Israel's ruler. When his enemy (Saul) was in his power he refused
to slay him, instead, he dealt with him in mercy and grace. He delivered
Israel from all their enemies and vanquished all their foes.
Solomon was a type of Christ. He was Israel's
king. His name signifies "Peaceable," and he foreshadows the
millennial reign of the Lord Jesus when He shall rule as Prince of
Peace. He was chosen and ordained of God before he was crowned. He rode
upon another's mule, not as a warrior, but as the king of peace in lowly
guise (I Kings 1:33). Gentiles took part in the coronation of Solomon (I
Kings 1:38) typifying the universal homage which Christ shall receive
during the millennium. The Cherethites and Pelethites were soldiers, so
that Solomon was followed by an army at the time of his coronation (I Kings
1:33; cp. Rev. 19:11). Solomon began his reign by showing mercy to and
yet demanding righteousness from Adonijah (I Kings 1:51) - such will be
the leading characteristics of Christ's millennial government. Solomon
was the builder of Israel's Temple (cp. Acts 15:16). At the dedication
of the Temple, Solomon was the one who offered sacrifices unto the Lord:
thus the king fulfilled the office of priest (I Kings 8:63), which typifies
the Lord Jesus who "shall be a Priest upon His throne" (Zech. 6:13). Solomon's
"fame" went abroad far and wide and "all the earth sought to Solomon" (I
Kings 10:24). The queen of Sheba, representing the Gentiles, came
up to Jerusalem to pay him homage (I Kings 10) as all the nations will
to Christ during the millennium (see Zech. 14:16). All Israel's land enjoyed
rest and peace. The glory and magnificence of Solomon's reign has never
been equaled before or since - "And the Lord magnified Solomon exceedingly
in the sight of all Israel, and bestowed upon him such royal majesty as
had not been on any king before him in Israel" (I Chron. 29:25).
In the above types we have not sought to be
exhaustive but suggestive by singling out only the leading lines in each
typical picture. There are many other Old Testament characters who were
types of Christ which we cannot now consider at length: - Adam typified
His Headship; Enoch His Ascension; Noah as the provider of a Refuge; Jacob
as the one who served for a Wife; Aaron as the great High Priest; Joshua
as the Captain of our salvation; Samuel as the Faithful Prophet; Elijah
as the Miracle worker; Jeremiah as the despised and rejected Servant of
God; Daniel as the Faithful Witness for God; Jonah as the One raised from
the dead on the third day.
In closing this chapter let us apply the argument.
Of the many typical persons in the Old Testament who prefigure the Lord
Jesus Christ, the striking, the accurate, and the manifold lights, in which
each exhibits Him is truly remarkable. No two of them represent Him from
exactly the same viewpoint. Each one contributes a line or two to the picture,
but all are needed to give a complete delineation. That an authentic history
should supply a series of personages in different ages, whose characters,
offices, and histories, should exactly correspond with those of Another
who did not appear upon earth until centuries later, can only be accounted
for on the supposition of Divine appointment. When we consider the utter
dissimilarity of these typical persons to one another; when we note that
they had little or nothing in common with each other; when we remember
that each of them represents some peculiar feature in a composite Anti
type; we discover that we have a literary phenomenon which is truly remarkable.
Abel, Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Samson, David, Solomon (and all the others)
are each deficient when viewed separately; but when looked at in conjunction
they form an harmonious whole, and give us a complete representation of
our Lord's miraculous birth, His peerless character, His life's mission,
His sacrificial death, His triumphant resurrection, His ascension to heaven,
and His millennial reign. Who could have invented such character? How remarkable
that the earliest history in the world, extending from the creation and
reaching to the last of the prophets - written by various hands thro' a
period of fifteen centuries - should from start to finish concentrate in
a single point, and that point the person and work of the blessed Redeemer!
Verily, such a Book must have been written by God - no other
conclusion is possible. Beneath the historical we discern the spiritual:
behind the incidental we behold the typical: underneath the human biographies
we see the form of Christ, and in these things we discover on every page
of the Old Testament the "watermark" of heaven.
The manner in which the Bible has been produced
argues against its unity. The Bible was penned on two continents, written
in three languages, and its composition and compilation extended through
the slow progress of sixteen centuries. The various parts of the Bible
were written at different times and under the most varying circumstances.
Parts of it were written in tents, deserts, cities, palaces and dungeons;
in times of imminent danger and in seasons of ecstatic joy. Among its writers
were judges, kings, priests, prophets, patriarchs, prime ministers, herdsmen,
scribes, soldiers, physicians and fishermen. Yet despite these varying
circumstances, conditions and workmen, the Bible is one Book, behind
its many parts there is an unmistakable organic unity. It contains one
system of doctrine, one code of ethics, one plan of salvation
and one rule of faith.
Now if forty different men were selected today
from such varying stations and callings of life as to include clerks, rulers,
politicians, judges, clergy, doctors, farm laborers and fishermen, and
each was asked to contribute a chapter for some book on theology or church
government, when their several contributions were collected and bound together,
would there be any unity about them, could that book truly be said to be
one book; or would not their different productions vary so much
in literary value, diction and matter as to be merely a heterogeneous mass,
a miscellaneous collection? Yet we do not find this to be the case in connection
with God's Book. Although the Bible is a volume of sixty-six Books, written
by forty different men, treating of such a large variety of themes as to
cover nearly the whole range of human inquiry, we find it is one
Book, the Book (not the books), the Bible.
Further; if we were to select specimens of
literature from the third, fifth, tenth, fifteenth and twentieth centuries
of the Christian era and were to bind them together, what unity and harmony
should we find in such a collection? Human writers reflect the spirit of
their own day and generation and the compositions of men living amid widely
differing influences and separated by centuries of time have little or
nothing in common with each other. Yet although the earliest portions of
the Sacred Canon date back to at least the fifteenth century, B. C., while
the writings of John were not completed till the close of the first century,
A. D., nevertheless, we find a perfect harmony throughout the Scriptures
from the first verse in Genesis to the last verse in Revelation. The great
ethical and spiritual lessons presented in the Bible, by whoever taught,
agree.
The more one really studies the Bible the
more one is convinced that behind the many human mouths there is One overruling,
controlling Mind. Imagine forty persons of different nationalities, possessing
various degrees of musical culture visiting the organ of some cathedral
and at long intervals of time, and without any collusion whatever, striking
sixty-six different notes, which when combined yielded the theme of the
grandest oratorio ever heard: would it not show that behind these forty
different men there was one presiding mind, one great Tone master? As we
listen to some great orchestra, with an immense variety of instruments
playing their different parts, but producing melody and harmony, we realize
that at the back of these many musicians there is the personality and genius
of the composer. And when we enter the halls of the Divine Academy and
listen to the heavenly choirs singing the Song of Redemption, all in perfect
accord and unison, we know that it is God Himself who has written the music
and put this song into their mouths.
We now submit two illustrations which demonstrate
the unity of the Holy Scriptures. Certain grand conceptions run through
the entire Bible like a cord on which are strung so many precious pearls.
First and foremost among them is the Divine Plan of Redemption. Just as
the scarlet thread runs through all the cordage of the British Navy, so
a crimson aura surrounds every page of God's Word.
In the Scriptures the Plan of Redemption is
central and fundamental. In Genesis we have recorded the Creation and Fall
of man to show that he has the capacity for and is in need of redemption.
Next we find the Promise of the Redeemer, for man requires to have before
him the hope and expectation of a Saviour. Then follows an elaborate system
of sacrifices and offerings and these represent pictorially the nature
of redemption and the condition under which salvation is realized. At the
commencement of the New Testament we have the four Gospels and they set
forth the Basis of Redemption, namely, the Incarnation, Life, Death, Resurrection
and Ascension of the Redeemer. Next comes the Book of the Acts which illustrates
again and again the Power of Redemption, showing that it is adequate to
work its great results in the salvation of both Jew and Gentile. Finally,
in the Revelation, we are shown the ultimate triumphs of redemption, the
Goal of Salvation - the redeemed dwelling with God in perfect union and
communion. Thus we see that though a large number of human media were employed
in the writing of the Bible, yet their productions are not independent
of each other, but are complementary and supplementary parts of one great
whole; that one sublime truth is common to them all, namely, man's need
of redemption and God's provision of a Redeemer. And the only explanation
of this fact is, that "All Scripture is given by inspiration of
God."
Secondly; among all the many personalities
presented in the Bible, we find that one stands out above all others, not
merely prominent but preeminent. Just as in the scene unveiled in the fifth
chapter of the Revelation we find the Lamb in the center of the heavenly
throngs, so we find that in the Scriptures also, the Lord Jesus Christ
is accorded the place which alone befits His unique Person. Considered
from one standpoint the Scriptures are really the biography of the Son
of God.
In the Old Testament we have the Promise
of our Lord's Incarnation and Mediatorial work. In the Gospels we have
the Proclamation of His Mission and the Proofs of His Messianic
claims and authority. In the Acts we have a demonstration of His saving
Power and the execution of His missionary Program. In the
Epistles we find an exposition and amplification of His Precepts
for the education of His People. While in the Apocalypse we behold the
unveiling or Presentation of His Person and the Preparation
of the earth for His Presence. The Bible is therefore seen to be
peculiarly the Book of Jesus Christ. Christ not only testified
to the Scriptures but each section of the Scriptures testify of Him. Every
page of the Holy Book has stamped upon it His photograph and every chapter
bears His autograph. He is its one great theme, and the only explanation
of this fact is that, the Holy Spirit superintended the work of each and
every writer of the Scriptures.
The unity of the Scriptures is further to
be seen on the fact that they are entirely free from any real contradictions.
Though different writers often described the same incidents - as for example
the four evangelists recording the facts relating to our Lord's ministry
and redemptive work - and though there is considerable variety in the narrations
of these, yet there are no real discrepancies. The harmony existing between
them does not appear on the surface, but, often, is only discovered by
protracted study, though it is there nevertheless. Moreover, there is perfect
agreement of doctrine between all the writers in the Bible. The teaching
of the prophets and the teaching of the Apostles on the great truths of
God's righteousness, the demands of His holiness, the utter ruin of man,
the exceeding sinfulness of sin, and the way of salvation, is entirely
harmonious. This might appear a thing easily effected. But those who are
acquainted with human nature, and have read widely the writings of men,
will acknowledge that nothing but the inspiration of the writers can explain
this fact. Nowhere can we find two uninspired writers, however similar
they may have been in their religious sentiments, who agree in all points
of doctrine. Nay, entire consistency of sentiment is not to be found even
in the writings of the same author at different periods. In his later years
Spurgeon's statement of some doctrines was much more modified than the
utterances of his earlier days. Increasing knowledge causes men to change
their views upon many subjects. But among the writers of Scripture there
is the most perfect harmony, because they obtained their knowledge of truth
and duty not by the efforts of study, but from inspiration by the Holy
Spirit of God.
When therefore we find that in the productions
of forty different men there is perfect accord and concord, unison and
unity, harmony in all their teachings, and the same conceptions pervading
all their writings, the conclusion is irresistible that behind their minds,
and guiding their hands, there was the master-mind of God Himself. Does
not the unity of the Bible illustrate the Divine Inspiration of the Bible
and demonstrate the truth of its own assertion that "God (who) at
sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers
by the prophets" (Heb. 1:1)?
The influence of the Bible is world-wide.
Its mighty power has affected every department of human activity. The contents
of the Scriptures have supplied themes for the greatest poets, artists
and musicians which the world has yet produced, and have been the mightiest
factor of all in shaping the moral progress of the race. Let us consider
a few examples of the Bible's influence as displayed in the various realms
of human enterprise.
Take away such sublime oratorios as "Elijah"
and "The Messiah," and you have taken out of the realm of music something
which can never be duplicated; destroy the countless hymns which have drawn
their inspiration from the Scriptures and you have left us little else
worth singing. Eliminate from the compositions of Tennyson, Wordsworth
and Carlisle every reference to the moral and spiritual truths taught in
God's Word and you have stripped them of their beauty and robbed them of
their fragrance. Take down from off the walls of our best Art Galleries
those pictures which portray scenes and incidents in the history of Israel
and the life of our Lord and you have removed the richest gems from the
crown of human genius. Remove from our statute books every law which is
founded upon the ethical conceptions of the Bible and you have annihilated
the greatest factor in modern civilization. Rob our libraries of every
book which is devoted to the work of elaborating and disseminating the
precepts and concepts of Holy Writ and you have taken from us that which
cannot be valued in dollars and cents.
The Bible has done more for the emancipation
and civilization of the heathen than all the forces which the human arm
can wield, put together. Someone has said, "Draw a line around the nations
which have the Bible and you will then have divided between barbarism and
civilization, between thrift and poverty, between selfishness and charity,
between oppression and freedom, between life and the shadow of death."
Even Darwin had to concede the miraculous element in the triumphs of the
missionaries of the cross.
Here are two or three men who land on a savage
island. Its inhabitants posses no literature and have no written language.
They regard the white man as their enemy and have no desire to be shown
"the error of their ways." They are cannibals by instinct and little better
than the brute beasts in their habits of life. The missionaries who have
entered their midst have no money with which to buy their friendship, no
army to compel their obedience and no merchandise to stir their avarice.
Their only weapon is "the Sword of the Spirit," their only capital "the
unsearchable riches of Christ," their only offer the invitation of the
Gospel. Yet somehow they succeed, and without the shedding of any blood
gain the victory. In a few short years naked savagery is changed to the
garb of civilization, lust is transformed into purity, cruelty is now kindness,
avarice has become unselfishness, and where before vindictiveness existed
there is now to be seen meekness and the spirit of loving self-sacrifice.
And this has been accomplished by the Bible! This miracle is still being
repeated in every part of the earth! What other book, or library of books,
could work such a result? Is it not evident to all that the Book which
does exert such a unique and unrivaled influence must be vitalized by the
life of God Himself?
This wonderful characteristic, namely the
unique influence of the Bible, is rendered the more remarkable when we
take into account the antiquity of the Scriptures! The last Books which
were added to the Sacred Canon are now more than eighteen hundred years
old, yet the workings of the Bible are as mighty in their effects today
as they were in the first century of the Christian era.
The power of man's books soon wane and disappear.
With but few exceptions the productions of the human intellect enjoy a
brief existence. As a general rule the writings of man within fifty years
of their first public appearance lie untouched on the top shelves of our
libraries. Man's writings are like himself - dying creatures. Man comes
onto the age of this world, plays his part in the drama of life, influences
the audience while he is acting, but is forgotten as soon as the curtain
falls upon his brief career; so it is with his writings. While they are
fresh and new they amuse, interest or instruct as the wise may be, and
then die a natural death. Even the few exceptions to this rule only exert
a very limited influence, their power is circumscribed; they are unread
by the great majority, yea, are unknown to the biggest portion of our race.
But how different with God's Book! The written Word, like the Living Word,
is "The same yesterday, and today, and for ever," and unlike any other
book it has made its way into all countries and speaks with equal clearness,
directness and force to all men in their mother tongue. The Bible never
becomes antiquated, its vitality never diminishes and its influence is
more irresistible and universal today than it was two thousands years ago.
Such facts as these declare with no uncertain voice that the Bible is endued
with the same Divine life and energy as its Author, for in no other way
can we account for its marvelous influence through the centuries and its
mighty power upon the world.
In Hebrews 4:12 we have a Scripture which draws
attention to this peculiar characteristic of the Bible - "For the Word
of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two edged sword, piercing
even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and
marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart."
The writings of men may sometimes stir the emotions, search the conscience,
and influence the human will, but in a manner and degree possessed by no
other book the Bible convicts men of their guilt and lost estate. The Word
of God is the Divine mirror, for in it man reads the secrets of his own
guilty soul and sees the vileness of his own evil nature. In a way absolutely
peculiar to themselves, the Scriptures discern the thoughts and intents
of the heart and reveal to men the fact that they are lost sinners and
in the presence of a Holy God.
Some thirty years ago there resided in one
of the Temples of Thibet a Buddhist priest who had conversed with no Christian
missionary, had heard nothing about the cross of Christ, and had never
seen a copy of the Word of God. One day while searching for something in
the temple, he came across a transcription of Matthew's Gospel, which years
before had been left there by a native who had received it from some traveling
missionary. His curiosity aroused, the Buddhist priest commenced to read
it, but when he reached the eighth verse in the fifth chapter he paused
and pondered over it: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see
God." Although he knew nothing about the righteousness of his Maker, although
he was quite ignorant concerning the demands of God's holiness, yet he
was there and then convicted of his sins, and a work of Divine grace commenced
in his soul. Month after month went by and each day he said to himself,
"I shall never see God, for I am impure in heart." Slowly but surely the
work of the Holy Spirit deepened within him until he saw himself as a lost
sinner; vile, guilty, and undone.
After continuing for more than a year in this
miserable condition the priest one day heard that a "foreign devil" was
visiting a town nearby and selling books which spoke about God. The same
night the Buddhist priest fled from the temple and journeyed to the town
where the missionary was residing. On reaching his destination he sought
out the missionary and at once said to him, "Is it true that only those
who are pure in heart will see God?" "Yes," replied the missionary, "but
the same Book which tells you that, also tells you how you may obtain
a pure heart," and then he talked to him about our Lord's atoning work
and how that "the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanseth us from all sin."
Quickly the light of God flooded the soul of the Buddhist priest and he
found the peace which "passeth all understanding." Now what other book
in the world outside of the Bible, contains a sentence or even a chapter
which, without the aid of any human commentator, is capable of convincing
and convicting a heathen that he is a lost sinner? Does not the fact of
the miraculous power of the Bible, which has been illustrated by thousands
of fully authenticated cases similar to the above, declare that the Scriptures
are the inspired Word of God, vested with the same might as their Omnipotent
Author?
A single incident which was brought before
the notice of the writer must suffice to illustrate the above mentioned
truth.
Some forty years ago a Christian gentleman
stood upon the quay of the Liverpool docks distributing tracts to the sailors.
In the course of his work he handed one to a man who was just embarking
on a voyage to China, and with an oath the sailor took it, crumpled it
up and thrust it into his pocket. Some three weeks after, this sailor was
down in his cabin and needing a "spell" with which to light his pipe felt
in his pocket for the necessary paper and drew out the little tract which
he had received in Liverpool. On recognizing it he uttered a terrible oath
and tore the paper in pieces. One small fragment adhered to his tarry hand
and glancing at it he saw these words, "Prepare to meet thy God." When
relating the incident to the writer he said, "It was at that moment as
though a sword had pierced my heart." "Prepare to meet thy God" rang again
and again in his ears, and with a strickened conscience he was tormented
about his lost condition. Presently he retired for the night, but sleep
he could not. In desperation he got up and dressed and went above and paced
the deck. Hour after hour he walked up and down, but try as he might he
could not dismiss from his mind the words, "Prepare to meet thy God." For
years this man had been a helpless slave in the grip of strong drink and
knowing his weakness he said: "How can I prepare to meet God, when I am
so powerless to overcome my besetting sin?" Finally, he got down upon his
knees and cried: "O God, have mercy on me, save me from my sins, deliver
me from the power of drink and help me prepare for the meeting with Thee."
More than thirty-five years after, this converted sailor told the writer
that from the night he had read that quotation from God's Word, had prayed
that prayer, and had accepted Christ as his Saviour from sin, he had never
tasted a single drop of intoxicating liquor and had never once had a desire
to craving for strong drink. How marvelous is the power of God's Word to
deliver men from sin! Truly, as Dr. Torrey has well said, "A Book which
will lift men up to God must have come down from God."
In thousands of instances men and women have
been stretched upon the "rack," torn limb from limb, thrown to the wild
beasts, and have been burned at the stake rather than abandon the Bible
and promise never again to read its sacred pages. For what other book would
men and women suffer and die?
More than two hundred years ago when a copy
of the Bible was much more expensive than it is in these days, a peasant
who lived in the County of Cork, Ireland, heard that a gentleman in his
neighborhood had a copy of the New testament in the Irish language. Accordingly
he visited this man and asked to be allowed to see it, and after looking
at it with great interest begged to be allowed to copy it. Knowing how
poor the peasant was the gentleman asked him where he would get his paper
and ink from? "I will buy them," was the reply. "And where will you find
a place to write?" "If your honor will allow me the use of your hall, I'll
come after my day's work is over and copy a little at a time in the evenings."
The gentleman was so moved at this man's intense love the the Bible that
he gave him the use of his hall and light and provided him with paper and
ink as well. True to his purpose and promise, the peasant labored night
after night until he had written out a complete copy of the New Testament.
Afterwards a printed copy was given to him, and the written Testament is
preserved by the British and Foreign Bible Society. Again, we ask, what
other book in the world could obtain such a hold upon the affections and
win such love and reverence, and produce such self-sacrificing toil?
The antiquity of the Scriptures argues against
their completeness. The compilation of the Bible was completed more than
eighteen centuries ago, while the greater part of the world was yet uncivilized.
Since John added the capstone to the Temple of God's Truth there have been
many wonderful discoveries and inventions, yet there have been no additions
whatever to the moral and spiritual truths contained in the Bible. Today,
we know no more about the origin of life, the nature of the soul, the problem
of suffering or the future destiny of man than did those who had the Bible
eighteen hundred years ago. Through the centuries of the Christian era,
man has succeeded in learning many of the secrets of nature and has harnessed
her forces to his service, but in the actual revelation of supernatural
truth nothing new has been discovered. Human writers cannot
supplement the Divine records for they are complete, entire, "wanting nothing."
The Bible needs no addendum. There is more
than sufficient in God's Word to meet the temporal and spiritual needs
of all mankind. Though written two thousand years ago, the Bible is still
"up-to-date," and answers every vital question which concerns the soul
of man in our day. The Book of Job was written three thousand years before
Columbus discovered America, yet it is as fresh to the heart of man now
as though it had only been published ten years ago. The majority of the
Psalms were written two thousand five hundred years before President Wilson
was born, yet in our day and generation they are perfectly new and fresh
to the human soul. Such facts as these can only be explained on the hypothesis
that the Eternal God is the Author of the Bible.
The adaptation of the Scriptures is
another illustration of their wonderful completeness. To young or old,
feeble or vigorous, ignorant or cultured, joyful or sorrowful, perplexed
or enlightened, Orientalist or Ocidentalist, saint or sinner, the Bible
is a source of blessing, will minister to every need, and is able to supply
every variety of want. And the Bible is the only Book in the world of which
this can be predicted. The writings of Plato may be a source of interest
and instruction to the philosophic mind, but they are unsuitable for placing
in the hands of a child. Not so with the Bible: the youngest may profit
from a perusal of the Sacred Page. The writings of Jerome or Twain may
please, for an hour, the man of humor, but they will bring no balm to the
sore heart and will speak no words of comfort and consolation to those
passing through the waters of bereavement. How different with the Scriptures
- never has a heavy heart turned in vain to God's Word for peace! The writings
of Shakespeare, Goethe, and Schiller may be of profit to the Western mind,
but they convey little of value to the Easterner. Not so with God's Word;
it may be translated into any language and will speak with equal clearness,
directness and power to all men in their mother tongue.
To quote Dr. Burrell: " In every heart, down
below all other wants and aspirations, there is a profound longing to know
the way of spiritual life. The world is crying, "What shall I do to be
saved?" Of all books the Bible is the only one that answers that universal
cry. There are other books which set forth morality with more or less correctness;
but there is none other that suggests a blotting out of the record of the
mislived past or an escape from the penalty of the broken law. There are
other books that have poetry; but there is none that sings the song of
salvation or gives a troubled soul the peace that floweth like a river.
There are other books that have eloquence; but there is no other that enables
us to behold God Himself with outstretched hands pleading with men to turn
and live. There are other books that have science; but there is none other
that can give the soul a definite assurance of the future life, so that
it can say, "I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able
to keep that which I have committed unto Him against that day."
Though other books contain valuable truths,
they also have an admixture of error; other books contain part of the truth,
the Bible alone contains all the truth. Nowhere in the writings of human
genius can a single moral or spiritual truth be found, which is not contained
in substance in the Bible. Examine the writings of the ancients; ransack
the libraries of Egypt, Assyria, Persia, India, Greece, and Rome; search
the contents of the Koran, the Zend - Avesta, or the Bagavad-Gita; gather
together the most exalted spiritual thoughts and the sublimest moral conceptions
contained in them and you will find that each and all are duplicated in
the Bible! Dr. Torrey has said, "If every book but the Bible were destroyed
not a single spiritual truth would be lost." In the small compass of God's
Word there is stored more wisdom which will endure the test of eternity
than the sum total of thinking done by man since his creation. Of all the
books in the world, the Bible alone can truly be said to be complete, and
this characteristic of the Scriptures is another of the many lines of demonstration
which witnesses to the Divine inspiration of the Bible.
The survival of the Bible through the ages
is very difficult to explain if it is not in truth the Word of God. Books
are like men - dying creatures. A very small percentage of books survive
more than twenty years, a yet smaller percentage last a hundred years and
only a very insignificant fraction represent those which have lived a thousand
years. Amid the wreck and ruin of ancient literature the Holy Scriptures
stand out like the last survivor of an otherwise extinct race, and the
very fact of the Bible's continued existence is an indication that like
its Author it is indestructible.
When we bear in mind the fact that the Bible
has been the special object of never ending persecution the wonder
of the Bible's survival is changed into a miracle. Not only has
the Bible been the most intensely loved Book in all the world, but it has
also been the most bitterly hated. Not only has the Bible received more
veneration and adoration than any other book, but it has also been the
object of more persecution and opposition. For two thousand years man's
hatred of the Bible has been persistent, determined, relentless and murderous.
Every possible effort has been made to undermine faith in the inspiration
and authority of the Bible and innumerable enterprises have been undertaken
with the determination to consign it to oblivion. Imperial edicts have
been issued to the effect that every known copy of the Bible should be
destroyed, and when this measure failed to exterminate and annihilate God's
Word then commands were given that every person found with a copy of the
Scriptures in his possession should be put to death. The very fact that
the Bible has been so singled out for such relentless persecution causes
us to wonder at such a unique phenomenon.
Although the Bible is the best Book in the
world yet is has produced more enmity and opposition than has the combined
contents of all our libraries. Why should this be? Clearly because the
Scriptures convict men of their guilt and condemn them for their sins!
Political and ecclesiastical powers have united in the attempt to put the
Bible out of existence, yet their concentrated efforts have utterly failed.
After all the persecution which has assailed the Bible, it is, humanly
speaking, a wonder that there is any Bible left at all. Every engine of
destruction which human philosophy, science, force, and hatred could bring
against a book has been brought against the Bible, yet it stands unshaken
and unharmed today. When we remember that no army has defended the Bible
and no king has ever ordered its enemies to be extirpated, our wonderment
increases. At times nearly all the wise and great of the earth have been
pitted together against the Bible, while only a few despised ones have
honored and revered it. The cities of the ancients were lighted with bonfires
made of Bibles, and for centuries only those in hiding dare read it. How
then, can we account for the survival of the Bible in the face of such
bitter persecution? The only solution is to be found in the promise of
God. "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but My Words shall not pass
away."
The story of the Bible's persecution is an
arresting one. During the first three centuries of the Christian era the
Roman Emperors sought to destroy God's Word. One of them, named Diocletian,
believed that he had succeeded. He had slain so many Christians and destroyed
so many Bibles, that when the lovers of the Bible remained quiet for a
season and kept in hiding, he imagined that he had made an end of the Scriptures.
So elated was he at this achievement, he ordered a medal to be struck inscribed
with the words, "The Christian religion is destroyed and the worship of
the gods restored." One wonders what that emperor would think if he returned
to this earth today and found that more had been written about the Bible
than about any other thousand books put together, and that the Bible which
enshrines the Christian faith is now translated into more than four hundred
languages and is being sent out to every part of the earth!
Centuries after the persecution by the Roman
Emperors, when the Roman Catholic Church obtained command of the city of
Rome, the Pope and his priests took up the old quarrel against the Bible.
The Holy Scriptures were taken away from the people, copies of the Bible
were forbidden to be purchased and all who were found with a copy of God's
Word in their possession were tortured and killed. For centuries the Roman
Catholic Church bitterly persecuted the Bible and it was not until the
time of the Reformation at the close of the sixteenth century that the
Word of God was again given to the masses in their own tongue.
Even in our day the persecution of the Bible
still continues, though the method of attack is changed. Much of our modern
scholarship is engaged in the work of seeking to destroy faith in the Divine
inspiration and authority of the Bible. In many of our seminaries the rising
generation of the clergy are taught that Genesis is a book of myths, that
much of the teaching of the Pentateuch is immoral, that the historical
records of the Old Testament are unreliable and that the whole Bible is
man's creation rather than God's revelation. And so the attack on the Bible
is being perpetuated.
Now suppose there was a man who had lived
upon this earth for eighteen hundred years, that this man had oftentimes
been thrown into the sea and yet could not be drowned; that he had frequently
been cast before wild beasts who were unable to devour him; that he had
many times been made to drink deadly poisons which never did him any harm;
that he had often been bound in iron chains and locked in prison dungeons,
yet he had always been able to throw off the chains and escape from his
captivity; that he had repeatedly been hanged, till his enemies thought
him dead, yet when his body was cut down he sprang to his feet and walked
away as though nothing had happened; that hundreds of times he had been
burned at the stake, till there seemed to be nothing left of him, yet as
soon as the fires were out he leaped up from the ashes as well and as vigorous
as ever - but we need not expand this idea any further; such a man would
be super-human, a miracle of miracles. Yet this is exactly how we should
regard the Bible! This is practically the way in which the Bible has been
treated. It has been burned, drowned, chained, put in prison, and torn
to pieces, yet never destroyed!
No other book has provoked such fierce opposition
as the Bible, and its preservation is perhaps the most startling miracle
connected with it. But two thousand five hundred years ago God declared,
"The grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the Word of our God shall
abide for ever." Just as the three Hebrews passed safely through the
fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar unharmed and unscorched, so the Bible has
emerged from the furnace of satanic hatred and assault without even the
smell of fire upon it! Just as an earthly parent treasures and lays by
the letters received from his child, so our Heavenly Father has protected
and preserved the Epistles of love written to His children.
We are living in a day when confidence is
lacking; when skepticism and agnosticism are becoming more and more prevalent;
and when doubt and uncertainty are made the badges of culture and wisdom.
Everywhere men are demanding proof. Hypotheses and speculations fail to
satisfy: the heart cannot rest content until it is able to say, "I know."
The demand of the human mind is for definite knowledge and positive assurance.
And God has condescended to meet this need.
One thing which distinguishes Christianity
from all human systems is that it deals with absolute certainties. Christians
are people who know. And well it is that they do. The issues concerning
life and death are so stupendous, the stake involved in the salvation of
the soul is so immense, that we cannot afford to be uncertain here. None
but a fool would attempt to cross a frozen river until he was sure that
the ice was strong enough to bear him. Dare we then face the river of death
with nothing but a vague and uncertain hope to rest upon? Personal assurance
is the crying need of the hour. There can be no peace and joy until this
is attained. A parent who is in suspense concerning the safety of his child,
is in agony of soul. A criminal who lies in the condemned cell hoping for
a reprieve, is in mental torment until his pardon arrives. And a professed
Christian who knows not whether he shall ultimately land in Heaven or Hell,
is a pitiable object.
But we say again, real Christians are people
who know. They know that their Redeemer liveth (John 19:25). They
know that they have passed from death unto life (I John 3:14). They
know that all things work together for good (Rom. 8:28). They know
that if their earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, they have
a building of God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens
(II Cor. 5:1). They know that one day they shall see Christ face
to face and be made like Him (I John 3:2). In the meantime they know
whom they have believed, and are persuaded that He is able to keep that
which they have committed unto Him against that day (II Tim. 1:12). If
it be asked, How do they know, the answer is, they have proven for
themselves the trustworthiness of God's Word which affirms these things.
The force of this present argument will appeal
to none save those who have an experimental acquaintance with it. In addition
to all the external proofs that we have for the Divine Inspiration of the
Scriptures, the believer has a source of evidence to which no unbeliever
has access. In his own experience the Christian finds a personal confirmation
of the teachings of God's Word. To the man whose life which, judged by
the standards of the world, appears morally upright, the statement that
"the heart is deceitful above all things and desperately wicked" seems
to be the gloomy view of a pessimist, or a description which has no general
application. But the believer has found that "the entrance of Thy words
giveth light" (Ps. 119:30), and in the light of God's Word and beneath
the illuminating power of God's Spirit who indwells him, he has discovered
there is within him a sink of iniquity. To natural wisdom, which is fond
of philosophizing about the freedom of the human will, the declaration
of Christ that "No man can come to Me, except the Father which hath sent
Me, draw him" (John 6:44) seems a hard saying; but, to the one who has
been taught by the Holy Spirit something of the binding power of sin, such
a declaration has been verified in his own experience. To the one who has
done his best to live up to the light which he had, and has sought to develop
an honest and amiable character, such a statement as, "All our righteousnesses
are as filthy rags," seems unduly harsh and severe; but to the man who
has received "an unction from the Holy One," his very best works appear
to him sordid and sinful; and such they are. The Apostle's confession that
"in me (that is, in my flesh,) dwelleth no good thing" (Rom. 7:18) which
once appeared absurd to him, the believer now acknowledges to be his own
condition. The description of the Christian which is found in Romans ...
is something which none but a regenerate person can understand. The things
there mentioned as belonging to the same man at the same time, seem foolish
to the wise of this world; but the believer realizes completely the truth
of it in his own life.
The promises of God can be tested: their trustworthiness
is capable of verification. In the Gospel Christ promises to give rest
to all those who are weary and heavy laden that come unto Him. He declares
that He came to seek and to save that which was lost. He affirms that "whosoever
drinketh of the Water that I shall give him shall never thirst." In short,
the Gospel presents the Lord Jesus Christ as a Saviour. His claim to save
can be put to the proof. Yea, it has been, and that by a multitude of individuals
that no man can number. Many of these are living on earth today. Every
individual who has read in the Scriptures the invitations that are addressed
to sinners, and has personally appropriated them to himself, can say n
the words of the well-known hymn: -
Weary and worn and sad;
I found in Him a resting place
And He has made me glad."
Should these pages be read by a skeptic who,
despite his present unbelief, has a sincere and earnest desire to know
the truth, he, too may put God's Word to the test and share the experience
described above. It is written, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou
shalt be saved," - believe, my reader, and thou, too, shalt
be saved.
"We speak that we do know, and testify that
we have seen" (John 3:11). The Bible testifies to the fact that "all have
sinned and come short of the glory of God," and our own conscience confirms
it. The Bible declares that it is "not by works of righteousness which
we have down, but according to His mercy" God saves us; and the Christian
has proven that he was unable to do anything to win God's esteem: but,
having cried the prayer of the Publican, he has gone down to his house
justified. The Bible teaches that "if any man be in Christ, he is a new
creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new;"
and the believer has found that the things he once hated he now loves,
and that the things he hitherto counted gain he now regards as dross. The
Bible witnesses to the fact that we "are kept by the power of God thro'
faith," and the believer has proven that though the world, the flesh, and
the devil are arrayed against him, yet the grace of God is sufficient for
all his need. Ask the Christian, then, why he believes that the Bible is
the Word of God, and he will tell you, Because it has done for me what
it professes to do (save); because I have tested its promises for myself;
because I find its teachings verified in my own experiences.
To the unregenerate the Bible is practically
a sealed Book. Even the cultured and educated are unable to understand
its teachings: parts of it appear plain and simple, but much of it is dark
and mysterious. This is exactly what the Bible declares - "The natural
man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness
unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned"
(I Cor. 2:14). But to the man of God it is otherwise: "He that believeth
on the Son of God hath the witness in himself" (I John 5:10).
As the Lord Jesus declared, "If any man will do His will, he shall know
of the doctrine" (John 7:17). While the infidel stumbles in darkness,
even in the midst of light, the believer discovers the evidence of its
truth in himself with the clearness of a sunbeam. "For God, who commanded
the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to
give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus
Christ" (II Cor. 4:6).
Not only does the Bible claim to be a Divine
revelation but it also asserts that its original manuscripts were written
"not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Spirit
teacheth" (I Cor. 2"13). The Bible nowhere claims to have been written
by inspired men - as a matter of fact some of them were very defective
characters - Balaam for example - but it insists that the words they uttered
and recorded were God's words. Inspiration has not to do with the
minds of the writers (for many of them understood not what they wrote (I
Peter 1:10-11), but with the writings themselves. "All Scripture
is given by inspiration of God," and "Scripture" means "the writings."
Faith has to do with God's Word and not with the men who wrote it - these
are all dead long since, but their writings remain.
A writing that is inspired by God self-evidently
implies, in the very expression, that the words are the words of God. To
say that the inspiration of the Scriptures applies to their concepts and
not to their words; to declare that one part of Scripture is written with
one kind or degree of inspiration and another part with another kind or
degree, is not only destitute of any foundation or support in the Scriptures
themselves, but is repudiated by every statement in the Bible which bears
upon the subject now under consideration. To say that the Bible is not
the Word of God but merely contains the Word of God is the figment
of an ill-employed ingenuity and an unholy attempt to depreciate and invalidate
the supreme authority of the Oracles of God. All the attempts which have
been made to explain the rationale of inspiration have done nothing
toward simplifying the subject, rather have they tended to mystify. It
is no easier to conceive how ideas without words could be imparted, than
that Divinely revealed truths should be communicated by words. Instead
of being diminished the difficulty is increased. It were as logical to
talk of a sum without figures or a tune without notes, as of a Divine revelation
and communication without words. Instead of speculation our duty is to
receive and believe what the Scriptures say of themselves.
What the Bible teaches about its own inspiration
is a matter purely of Divine testimony, and our business
is simply to receive the testimony and not to speculate about or seek to
pry into its modus operandi. Inspiration is as much a matter of
Divine revelation as is justification by faith. Both stand equally on the
authority of the Scriptures themselves, which must be the final court of
appeal on this subject as on every question of revealed truth.
The teaching of the Bible concerning the inspiration
of the Scriptures is clear and simple, and uniform throughout. Its writers
were conscious that their utterances were a message from God in the highest
meaning of the word. "And the Lord said unto him (Moses), Who hath made
man's mouth? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind?
Have not I the Lord? Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and
teach thee what thou shalt say" (Exod. 4:11-12). "The Spirit of the Lord
spake by me, and His word was in my tongue" (II Sam. 23:2). "Then
the Lord put forth His hand, and touched my mouth. and the Lord said unto
me, Behold, I have put My words in thy mouth" (Jer. 1:9). The above
are only a sample of scores of similar passages which might be sighted.
What is predicted of the Scriptures themselves,
demonstrates that they are entirely and absolutely the Word of God. "The
law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul" (Ps. 19:7) - this
altogether excludes any place in the Bible for human infirmities and imperfections.
"Thy Word is very pure" (Ps. 119:140), which cannot mean less than
that the Holy Spirit so superintended the composition of the Bible and
so "moved" its writers that all error has been excluded. "Thy Word is true
from the beginning" (Ps. 119:160) - how this anticipated the assaults
of the higher critics on the Book of Genesis, particularly on its opening
chapters!
The teaching of the New Testament agrees with
what we have quoted from the Old. "Take ye no thought how or what thing
ye shall answer, or what ye shall say: for the Holy Spirit shall teach
you in the same hour what ye ought to say" (Luke 12:11-12), - the disciples
were the ones who spake, but it was the Holy Spirit who "taught them what
to say." Could any language express more emphatically the most entire inspiration?
and, if the Holy Spirit so controlled their utterances when in the presence
of "magistrates," is it conceivable that He would do less for them when
they were communicating the mind of God to all future generations on things
touching our eternal destiny? Assuredly not. "But those things, which God
before had showed by the mouth of all His prophets, that Christ should
suffer, He hath so fulfilled" (Acts 3:18). Here the Holy Spirit declares
thro' Peter that it was God who had revealed by the mouth of all
His prophets that Israel's Messiah must suffer before the glory should
appear. "But that I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call
heresy, so worship I the God of my fathers, believing all things
which are written in the law and in the prophets" (Acts 24:14). These words
clearly evidence the fact that the Apostle Paul had the utmost confidence
in the authenticity of the entire contents of the Old Testament. "And my
speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but
in demonstration of the Spirit and of power" (I Cor. 2:4). Could
any man have used such language as this unless he had been fully conscious
that he was speaking the very words of God? "The prophecy came not at any
time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved
by the Holy Spirit" (II Peter 1:21). Nothing could possibly be more
explicit.
Dr. Gray has strikingly and forcefully stated
the necessity of a verbally inspired Bible in the following language:
- "An illustration the writer has often used will help to make this clear.
A stenographer in a mercantile house was asked by his employer to write
as follows:
"Gentlemen: we misunderstood your letter and
will not fill your order."
Imagine the employer's surprise, however,
when a little later this was set before him for his signature -
"Gentlemen: we misunderstood your letter and
will not fill your order."
The mistake was only of a single letter, but
it was entirely subversive of his meaning. And yet the thought was given
clearly to the stenographer, and the words, too, for that matter, Moreover,
the latter was capable and faithful, but he was human, and it is human
to err. Had not his employer controlled his expression, down to the very
letter, the thought intended to be conveyed would have failed of utterance."
So, too, the Holy Spirit had to superintend the writing of the very letter
of Scripture in order to guarantee its accuracy and inerrancy.
Many proofs might be given to show the Scriptures
are verbally inspired. One line of demonstration appears in the literal
and verbal fulfillment of many of the Old Testament prophecies. For example,
God made known thro' Zechariah that the price which Judas should receive
for his awful crime was "thirty pieces of silver" (Zech. 11:12). Here then
is a clear case where God communicated to one of the prophets not merely
an abstract concept but a specific communication. And the above case is
only one of many.
Another evidence of verbal inspiration is
to be seen in the fact that words are used in Scripture with the
most exact precision and discrimination. This is particularly noticeable
in connection with the Divine titles. The names Elohim and Jehovah are
found on the pages of the Old Testament several thousand times, but they
are never employed loosely or used alternately. Each of these names has
a definite significance and scope, and were we to substitute the one for
the other the beauty and perfection of a multitude of passages would be
destroyed. To illustrate: the word "God" occurs all thro' Genesis 1, but
"Lord God" in Genesis 2. Were these two Divine titles reversed here, a
flaw and blemish would be the consequence. "God" is the creatorial title,
whereas "Lord" implies covenant relationship and shows God's dealings with
His own people. Hence, in Genesis 1, "God" is used, and in Genesis 2, "Lord
God" is employed, and all thro' the remainder of the Old Testament these
two Divine titles are used discriminatively and in harmony with the meaning
of their first mention. One or two other examples must suffice. "And they
went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein is the
breath of life. And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh,
as God had commanded him" - "God" because it was the Creator commanding,
with respect to His creatures, as such; but, in the remainder of the same
verse, we read, "and the Lord shut him in" (Gen. 7:16), because
God's action here toward Noah was based upon covenant relationship. When
going forth to meet Goliath David said, "This day will the Lord
deliver thee into mine hand (because David was in covenant relationship
with Him); and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I
will give the carcasses of the host of the Philistines this day unto the
fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth
(which was not in covenant relation with Him) may know that there
is a God in Israel. And all this assembly (which were in covenant
relationship with Him) shall know that the Lord saveth not with
sword and spear" etc. (I Sam. 17:46-47). Once more: "And it came to pass,
when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, It is
the king of Israel. Therefore they compassed about him to fight: but Jehoshaphat
cried out, and the Lord helped him; and God moved
them (the Syrians) to depart from him" (II Chron. 18:31). And thus it is
all thro' the Old Testament.
The above line of argument might be extended
indefinitely. There are upwards of fifty Divine titles in the Old Testament
which are used more than once, each of which has a definite signification,
each of which has its meaning hinted at in its first mention, and
each of which is used subsequently in harmony with its original purport.
They are never used loosely or interchangeably. In every place where they
occur there is a reason for each variation. Such titles are the Most High,
the Almighty, the God of Israel, the God of Jacob, the Lord our Righteousness,
etc., etc., are not used haphazardly, but in every case in harmony with
their original meaning and as the best suited to the context. The same
is true in connection with the names of our Lord in the New Testament.
In some passages He is referred to as Christ, in others as Jesus, Jesus
Christ, Christ Jesus, Lord Jesus Christ. In every instance there is a reason
for each variation, and in every case the Holy Spirit has seen to it that
they are employed with uniform significance. The same is true of the various
names given to the great adversary. In some places he is termed Satan,
in others the devil etc., etc.; but the different terms are used with unerring
precision throughout. A further illustration is furnished by the father
of Joseph. In his earlier life he was always termed Jacob, later he received
the name of Israel, but after this, sometimes we read of Jacob and sometimes
of Israel. Whatever is predicted of Jacob refers to the acts of the "old
man;" whatever is postulated of Israel were the fruits of the "new man."
When he doubted it was Jacob who doubted, when he believed God it
was Israel who exercised faith. Accordingly, we read, "And when
Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his
feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost" (Gen. 49:33). But in the next
verse but one we are told, "And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians
to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel (Gen. 50:2)!!
Here then we see the marvelous verbal precision and perfection of Holy
Scripture.
The most convincing of all the proofs and
arguments for the verbal inspiration of the Scriptures is the fact that
the Lord Jesus Christ regarded them and treated them as such. He Himself
submitted to their authority. When assaulted by Satan, three times He replied,
"It is written," and it is particularly to be noted that the point of each
of His quotations and the force of each reply lay in a single word - "Man
shall not live by bread alone" etc.; "Thou shalt not tempt
the Lord thy God;" "Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only
shalt thou serve." When tempted by the Pharisees, who asked Him, "Is it
lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?" He answered, "Have
ye not read?" etc. (Matt. 19:4-5). To the Sadducees He said, "Ye
do err, not knowing the Scriptures" (Matt. 22:29). On another occasion
He accused the Pharisees of "Making the Word of God of none effect
thro' their tradition" (Mark 7:13). On another occasion, when speaking
of the Word of God, He declared "The Scripture cannot be broken" (John
10:35). Sufficient has been adduced to show that the Lord Jesus regarded
the Scriptures as the Word of God in the most absolute sense. In view of
this fact let Christians beware of detracting in the smallest degree from
the perfect and full inspiration of the Holy Scriptures.
What is our attitude towards God's Word? The
knowledge that the Scriptures are inspired by the Holy Spirit involves
definite obligations. Our conception of the authority of the Bible determines
our attitude and measures our responsibility. If the Bible is a Divine
revelation what follows?
If it were announced upon reliable authority
that on a certain date in the near future an angel from heaven would visit
New York and would deliver a sermon upon the invisible world, the future
destiny of man, or the secret of deliverance from the power of sin, what
an audience he would command! There is no building in that city large enough
to accommodate the crowd which would throng to hear him. If upon the next
day, the newspapers were to give a verbatim report of his discourse, how
eagerly it would be read! And yet, we have between the covers of the Bible
not merely an angelic communication but a Divine revelation. How great
then is our wickedness if we undervalue and despise it! And yet we do.
We need to confess to God our sin of neglecting
His Holy Word. We have time enough - we take time - to read the writings
of fellow sinners, yet we have little or no time for the Holy Scriptures.
The Bible is a series of Divine love letters, and yet many of God's people
have scarcely broken the seals. God complained of old, "I have written
to him the great things of My law, but they were counted as a strange thing"
(Hos. 8:12). To neglect God's gift is to despise the Giver. To neglect
God's Word is virtually to tell Him that He made a mistake in being at
so much trouble to communicate it. To prefer the writings of man is to
insult the Almighty. To say that human writings are more interesting is
to impugn the wisdom of the Most High and is a terrible indictment against
our own evil hearts. To neglect God's Word is to sin against its Author,
for He has commanded us to read, study, and search it.
If the Bible is the Word of God then -
It is not a question of what I think, or of
what any one else thinks - it is, What saith the Scriptures? It is not
a matter of what any church or creed teaches - it is, What teaches the
Bible? God has spoken, and that ends the matter: "Forever, O Lord, Thy
Word is settled in heaven." Therefore, it is for me to bow to His authority,
to submit to His Word, to cease all quibbling and cry, "Speak, Lord, for
Thy servant heareth." Because the Bible is God's Word, it is the
final court of appeal in all things pertaining to doctrine, duty, and deportment.
This was the position taken by our Lord Himself.
When tempted by Satan, He declined to argue with him, He refused to overwhelm
him with the force of His superior wisdom, He scorned to crush him with
a putting forth of His almighty power - "It is written" was His defense
for each assault. At the beginning of His public ministry, when He went
to Nazareth where most of His thirty years had been lived, He performed
no wonderful miracle but entered the synagogue, read from the Prophet Isaiah
and said, "This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears" (Luke 4:21).
In His teaching upon the Rich Man and Lazarus, He insisted that "If they
hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though
one rose from the dead" (Luke 16:31) - thus signifying that the authority
of the written Word is of greater weight and worth than the testimony and
appeal of miracles. When vindicating before the Jews His claim of Deity
(John 5) He appealed to the testimony of John the Baptist (vs. 32), to
His own works (vs. 36), to the Father's own witness - at His baptism (vs.
37), and then - as tho they were the climax - He said - "Search the
Scriptures ** they are they which testify of Me" (vs. 39).
This was the position taken by the Apostles.
When Peter would justify the speaking with other tongues, he appealed to
the Prophet Joel (Acts 2:16). When seeking to prove to the Jews that Jesus
of Nazareth was their Messiah, and that He had risen again from the dead,
he appealed to the testimony of the Old Testament (Act 2). When Stephen
made his defense before the "counsel" he did little more than review the
teaching of Moses and the prophets. When Saul and Barnabas set out on their
first missionary journey they "preached the Word of God in
the synagogues of the Jews" (Acts 13:5). In his Epistles, the Apostle continually
pauses to ask - "What saith the Scripture?" (Rom. 4:3, etc.) - if
the Scripture gave a clear utterance upon the subject under discussion
that ended the matter: against their testimony there was no appeal.
If the Bible is the Word of God - then
How can man be just with God? or how can he
be clean that is born of a woman? What must I do to be saved? Where is
true and lasting peace and rest to be found? Such are some of the inquiries
made by every honest and anxious soul. The reply is - Search the Scriptures:
Look and see. How shall I best employ my time and talents? How shall I
discover what is well-pleasing to my Maker? How am I to know what is the
path of duty? And again the answer is - What teaches the Word of God?
No one who possesses a copy of the Bible can
legitimately plead ignorance of God's will. The Scriptures leave us without
excuse. A lamp has been provided for our feet and the pathway of righteousness
is clearly marked out. A chart has been given to the sailors on time's
sea, and it is their own fault if they fail to arrive at the heavenly port.
In the day of judgment the Books will be opened and out of these Books
men will be judge, and one of these Books will be the Bible. In His written
Word God has revealed His mind, expressed His will, communicated His requirements;
and woe to the man or woman who takes not the necessary time to discover
what these are.
If the Bible is the Word of God then -
Man craves for certainty. Speculations and
hypotheses are insufficient where eternal issues are at stake. When I come
to lay my head upon my dying pillow, I want something surer than a "perhaps"
to rest it upon. And thank God I have it. Where? In the Holy Scriptures.
I know that my Redeemer liveth. I know that I have passed from death unto
life. I know that I shall be made like Christ and dwell with Him in glory
throughout the endless ages of eternity. How do I know? Because God's
Word says so, and I want nothing more.
The Bible gives forth no uncertain sound.
It speaks with absolute assurance, dogmatism, and finality. Its promises
are certain for they are promises of Him who cannot lie. Its testimony
is reliable for it is the inerrant Word of the Living God. Its teachings
are trustworthy for they are a communication the the Omniscient. The believer
then has a sure foundation on which to rest, an impregnable rock on which
to build his hopes. For his present peace and for his future prospects
he has a, "Thus saith the Lord," and that is sufficient.
If the Bible is the Word of God then -
A unique book deserves and demands unique attention.
Like Job, we ought to be able to say, "I have esteemed the words of His
mouth more than my necessary food." If history teaches us anything at all,
it teaches that those nations which have most honored God's Word have been
most honored by God. And what is true of the nation is equally true of
the family and of the individual. The greatest intellects of the ages have
drawn their inspiration from the Scripture of Truth. The most eminent statesmen
have testified to the value and importance of Bible study. Benjamin Franklin
said: "Young man, my advice to you is that you cultivate an acquaintance
with and firm belief in the Holy Scriptures, for this is your certain interest."
Thomas Jefferson gave it as his opinion, "I have said and always will say,
that the studious perusal of the Sacred Volume will make better citizens,
better fathers, and better husbands."
When the late Queen Victoria was asked the
secret of England's greatness, she took down a copy of the Scriptures,
and pointing to the Bible she said, "That Book explains the power of Great
Britain." Daniel Webster once affirmed, "If we abide by the principles
taught in the Bible, our country will go on prospering and to prosper;
but, if we and our posterity neglect its instructions and authority, no
man can tell how sudden a catastrophe may overwhelm us and bury all our
glory in profound obscurity. The Bible is the Book of all others for lawyers
as well as divines, and I pity the man who cannot find in it a rich supply
of thought and rule of conduct."
When Sir Walter Scott lay dying he summoned
to his side his man in waiting and said, "Read to me out of the Book."
Which book? answered his servant. "There is only one Book," was the dying
man's response - "The Bible!" The Bible is the Book to live by and the
Book to die by. Therefore read it to be wise, believe it to be safe, practice
it to be holy. As another has said: "Know it in the head, store it in the
heart, show it in the life, sow it in the world."
"All Scripture is given by inspiration
of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for
correction, for instruction in righteousness: that the man of God may be
perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works" (II Tim. 3:16-17).