1 John F. Meginness, The History of Lycoming County, 2nd Edition, Evansville, IN Unigraphic, Inc 1974, (Lycoming County, PA 1892).

2 Johann George Kiess tombstone, Blooming Grove Cemetery, Lycoming County, PA.

3 Dorothea Kiess tombstone inscription Blooming Grove Cemetery Blooming Grove, Lycoming County, PA read by Steve Wurster in 1997.

4 Diane Sweeley, e-mail message from <dsweeley@starband.net> (5204 Homestead Trail, Reva, VA 22735) to Steven M. Wurster, Feb 2001.

5 History of Crawford County and Ohio, online <http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Crawford/crwhetstone.htm>. Previously published in hard copy, (Chicago: Baskin & Battey, Historical Publishers, 186 Dearborn Street, 1881).

6 "Lycoming County Genealogical Society" Book.

7 Cemeteries of Crawford County, Volume 3.

8 Elma Heim Larimore, Heim Family History and Record of Descent 1736-1940, (Published July 1942).

9 Funeral Card held by Elmer "Pete" Paulhamus.

10 Obituary of Elizabeth A. Paulhamus Williamsport Sun-Gazette Williamsport, PA, held by Elmer "Pete" Paulhamus.

11 Mary E. Smith tombstone, Woodward Township Cemetery, Linden (Lycoming County), PA.

12 Mitchell C. Smith tombstone, Woodward Township Cemetery, Linden (Lycoming County), PA.

13 Watson Kiess, "The Kiess Family", (Williamsport, PA, no publisher, 1957).

14 Ibid, pg 17.

15 Social Security Death Index (SSDI), Ancestry.com, 1997. The SSDI component of Ancestry.com is drawn from the Social Security Death Benefits Index of the U.S. Social Security Administration.

16 Descendants of Anton Pepperman, familytreemaker.com, online <http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/u/i/Mary-R-Guinter/>, Pepperman data downloaded 22 Nov 2000.

17 Harry O. Myers obituary, Williamsport Sun-Gazette, Williamsport, PA, Held by Jim and Bertha Edwards.

18 Social Security Death Index.

19 Information from "Descendants of Wilhelm Waltz".

20 Michael Searfoss, e-mail message from <angloam2@juno.com>, to Steven M. Wurster.