On July 11, 1847, at the age of 22, he married Anna Elisabeth Bickhard (or "Bickhardt"); she was born 1825 at Lehlbach (Löhlbach) Hessen Kassel, Germany. Their place of marriage was the German Reformed Church, in New York City. View the MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE. The signatures of witnesses to marriage state: B--th---- Scholl (or, D--th---- Scholl), and Conrad Bickhard.
The marriage lasted for 17 1/2 years ending at Adam's death. They had seven children, three sons and four daughters (two children did not live to adulthood). Their children were: Catherine born 1852, Elizabeth, born November 08, 1854 and died young; John Henry Adam Scholl b. 6 April, 1856; Charles (Carl) August Scholl (my great grandfather), born March 10, 1858; Elizabeth Christine Scholl, born June 5, 1860; Caroline Bertha Scholl, born September 3, 1862, and Conrad Adam Scholl, born September 10, 1864, fifteen days after his father was sworn into the military; Conrad died August 17, 1873 at the age of 9.
See: Adam Scholl's genealogy as my rootsweb/worldconnect site.
Research Links for Hessen Kassel, German immigration, and German Genealogy are:
1. At Don Watson's "HESSEN" website. This is the top jumping off point for all Hessen (and German) research. A huge resource with maps, language translation tools, etc.
"Jan. 1 - Clear and very cold. A.R. Clark died at 8:00 am. What a New Years Day. Grant that we may go Lord soon.
Jan. 2 - Very cold and stormy. Changeable until the 4th when it settled down into a storm. Adam Scholl came to sleep with me - both sick. Commenced course of reading on Thursday last.
Jan. 6 - Little stormy. Adam died this AM at 8:00 o'clock. Awful weather up to the 11th when Wm. H. Baker died."
The diary is touching and painful to read. All of our soldiers suffered a great deal. You can visit Mr. Thomas' website at the link below (next paragraph) listed as "128th Volunteer Infantry Regiment".
Salisbury Confederate Prison Association, Sue Curtis, Historian
Email Address for Salisbury Confederate Prison Association: southpaws@salisbury.net
Cathy Clardy, Recording Secretary, Salisbury Confederate Prison Association
Portion of email from S. Curtis, March 20, 2001
The Salisbury Confederate Prison Association was formed in 1998 to help preserve the history of the Prison and those who were there. We are attempting to find descendants of all who were
at the Prison so we can build a file on them and give them "a voice". Our annual meeting will be held during the 4th Annual Salisbury Confederate Prison Symposium, April 6-8 [2001]. We will be holding a Memorial Service on Sunday for those who died here."
And another portion of email in response to my questions to S. Curtis:
"I wish I could give you more direct information on Adam Scholl but I can tell you that he would have been buried in the trenches. Prior to October 1864 the death rate at the Prison was not that high but the population rose from the 2,500
(maximum thought possible) to 5,000 in October to 10,000 in November. Food and shelter were scarce and disease along with bad weather prevailed. There was some single burials but trenches were used as the death rate rose. You may already know but those who died were placed in the "Dead House" and everyday a cart would come at 2PM to pick them up and take them to the abandoned corn field for burial. This area became the Salisbury National Cemetery and it is now the prettiest spot there with no stones except for head and foot stones on 18 trenches each about 240 feet long. I would guess that your ancestor is buried on the
knoll near the United States Memorial.
If you would like to come next month, April 6-8, to the 4th Annual Salisbury Confederate Prison Symposium you would have the opportunity to meet descendants and those interested in the Prison. I don't want to give a sales pitch as much as I want to tell you that I have never attended anything like it. Both sides come together to remember and to search for more information. On Friday we have the "Reunion of Descendants"
and Friendship Banquet, on Saturday we have lectures, displays and living histoy, and on Sunday there will be 2 Memorial Services. The one for the POW's will be in the National Cemetery near the United States Memorial with flags from both sides, with re-enactors in Blue and Gray, with a Union descendant giving a memorial address, with a Confederate
descendant reading the poem "The Blue and The Gray", with wreaths being placed and balloons being released, with music from descendants of both sides, and with tears from those who comprehend the loss of these men to their families. The Symposium is conducted by the Robert F. Hoke Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. As President for 10
years I found this to be a wonderful way for us all to learn about the Prison and those who were there.
"The Prison Exchange" newsletter is printed quarterly and is a project of the Salisbury Confederate Prison Assocation. We formed the idea for this group of men and women from all over the country during the first Symposium and chartered it at the
second. We are gathering copies of military records, letters, images, etc. on each man for a museum and learning center that we hope to establish. We use a list from Louis Brown's book,
"The Salisbury Prison", to get the names of the dead."
Please consider joining their Association and send some copies of your ancestor's records. Membership application is at their website ($10.00)
SERVICE IN "THE WAR OF THE REBELLION" (also called "The Civil War" and/or "The War of 1861")
At the age of thirty-nine, Adam Scholl, occupation painter, "blue eyes, brown hair, fair complexion, 5' 5 1/2 inches height", was sworn into the military service as a private on August 26, 1864 as a volunteer in "Captain Williamsons Company D, of the 128 Regiment of Infantry Volunteers of the State of New York", for one year, at Poughkeepsie, New York. To see his "Volunteer Enlistment" form, click here. The Recruiting/Mustering officer is listed as: Johnston, Capt. & Prov. Marshall 12th District, N.Y.; the Examining Surgeon is signed: John R. Cooper Adam received no uniform at the time of volunteering. He was paid the advance "bounty" of $33.33 for enlisting. The picture to the left shows the uniform of a Union Private. To review a very thorough history, with pictures and correspondence from soldiers who were there, including one who was at Salisbury Prison, click the 128th NYS Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
The "Muster and Descriptive Roll of a Detachment of U.S. Vols." (acquired from the National Archives by my first cousin, Russell Eugene Walters, b. Jan. 12, 1945, NJ. All other documents here were also provided by Russell.) dated September 6, 1864, shows Adam at Hart Island, New York.
The "Company Muster Roll" for September and October 1864 lists him as "absent"; "Remarks: Missing in action near Cedar Run, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. Pay due from enlistment August 26, 1864."
The Company Muster Roll for November and December 1864 shows "absent"; "taken prisoner, Oct. 19, 1864."
Elisabeth is at home with the six children, Caroline, the eldest, is 12, John, 8 years old, Charles, 6 years old, Elizabeth, 4 years old, Caroline, 2 years old, and Conrad 1 month and 9 days old, waiting. I wonder if the $33.33 had run out.
Cedar Creek (Other Names: Belle Grove)
Location: Frederick County, Shenandoah County and Warren County, Virginia
Campaign: Sheridan’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign (August-December 1864)
Date(s): October 19, 1864
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright and Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan [US]; Lt. Gen. Jubal Early [CS]
Forces Engaged: 52,945 total (US 31,945; CS 21,000)
Estimated Casualties: 8,575 total (US 5,665; CS 2,910)
Description,: At dawn, October 19, 1864, the Confederate Army of the Valley under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early surprised the Federal army at Cedar Creek and routed the VIII and XIX Army Corps.
Commander Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan arrived from Winchester to rally his troops, and, in the afternoon, launched a crushing counterattack, which recovered the battlefield. Sheridan’s victory at Cedar Creek broke the back of the Confederate army in the Shenandoah Valley.
Abraham Lincoln rode the momentum of Sheridan’s victories in the Valley and Sherman’s successes in Georgia to re-election.
Result(s): Union victory
CWSAC Reference #: VA122
Preservation Priority [Battlefield]: I.1 (Class A)
Jonathan and Craig Walters, direct descendants of Adam Scholl, photographed in 1986. [Lineage: Jon. & Craig's father is Russell Eugene Walters. Russell's mother was Ethel Sholl, his grandfather was Leslie Sholl; his great-grandfather was Charles August Scholl and his great-great-grandfather was Adam Scholl.]
Jonathan Walters, 1986.
CEDAR CREEK (19 October 1864)
County: Frederick, Warren, ShenandoahGeneral Location: Along US 11, Cedar Creek to Middletown; Belle Grove is a focal point. CS march began from Fisher's Hill
Campaign: Sheridan's Valley Campaign
Principal Commanders: [c] Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early; [u]Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright
Forces Engaged: [c] Five infantry divisions (Gordon, Wharton, Ramseur, Pegram, Kershaw), two cavalry divisions, about 15,265; [u] Three infantry corps (Wright, Emory, Crook), two cavalry divisions (Merritt and Custer), numbering 31,944.
Casualties: [c] 2,910 (320k/1,540w/1,050m); [u] 5,665 (644k/3,430w/1,591m)
Significance:
The battle of Cedar Creek dealt the crushing blow to the Confederacy in the Shenandoah Valley and, together with William T. Sherman's successes in the Atlanta Campaign, spurred the reelection of President Abraham Lincoln.
The battle can be ranked in size and intensity with the battle of Opequon (Third Winchester) and both are included among the major battles of the Civil War.
The Confederate surprise attack at Cedar Creek is considered one of the most daring and successful maneuvers of its kind and is studied by military theorists today. It was a feat "unduplicated" during the Civil War.
General Sheridan's arrival on the field of battle to rally his broken troops passed into American verse and folklore as "Sheridan's Ride", and offers a dramatic example of the effect of charismatic leadership.
Rarely have the scales of victory and disaster swung to such extremes during battle: the morning's brilliant Confederate success was transformed into a Union victory by day's end.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE
Phase OneUS Dispositions Behind Cedar Creek: The Union Army of the Shenandoah, about 32,000 men under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, encamped on the heights above Cedar Creek from near Middle Marsh Brook to south of the Valley Turnpike. On the night of October 18-19, General Sheridan was at Winchester, returning from a conference in Washington, D.C. In his absence, Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright, commander of the VI Corps, was left in command of the army, his headquarters at Belle Grove, south of Middletown. The army comprised three infantry corps (Wright's VI, Maj. Gen. William Emory's XIX, and Brig. Gen. George Crook's Army of West Virginia), and a cavalry corps commanded by Maj. Gen. Alfred Torbert. The VI Corps was on the far right of the Union infantry on the hills north of Meadow Brook. Torbert's cavalry (Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt's Division), encamped near Nieswander's Fort. Brig. Gen. George A. Custer's division covered the Back Road and the Cedar Creek crossings in the vicinity of Hite's Chapel. The XIX Corps occupied the bluffs above Cedar Creek, extending from Meadow Brook to the Valley Pike bridge. Crook's corps and an attached "provisional" division under Brig. Gen. John Howard Kitching were bivouacked south and east of the Valley Pike. The vast trains of the army were parked on level ground west of Belle Grove near the pike. Two of the three corps erected entrenchments. The Union left flank was considered protected by the North Fork Shenandoah River and the rough ground in front of the Massanutten and was lightly picketed by cavalry. Other elements of US cavalry covered Buckton Ford and the roads from Front Royal.
Phase Two
CS Approach and Preparations for Battle: On 17 October 1864, Maj. Gen. John Gordon and topographical engineer Jedediah Hotchkiss climbed to Signal Knob on the Massanutten to survey the Union position behind Cedar Creek. While there, they formulated a daring plan to turn the Union left flank, which Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early approved. After dark on 18 October, the plan was set in motion. Gordon's, Ramseur's, and Pegram's divisions, (Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia) under overall command of Gordon, marched from their entrenchments and crossed the North Fork east of Fisher's Hill. They followed a narrow path along the face of the Massanutten, often in single file, and along the Manassas Gap railroad to a spot opposite McInturff's and Colonel Bowman's fords. After surprising and capturing the pickets, the divisions recrossed the North Fork, passing north on a farm lane, past Col. Bowman's House "Long Meadow", to the vicinity of the Cooley House, where they faced to the left to form a line of battle beyond the left flank of Crook's corps. Gordon's column was in position by 0400 hours.
In the meantime, Kershaw's and Wharton's divisions accompanied by the army's artillery, advanced down the pike, by Spangler's Mill and through Strasburg. Kershaw's column, accompanied by Gen. Early, diverged to the right on the road to Bowman's Mill Ford, where it prepared for the dawn attack. Wharton continued on the pike past the George Hupp House to Hupp's Hill, where he deployed. The CS artillery massed on the Valley Pike south of Strasburg to await developments at the front. In conjunction with these maneuvers, Brig. Gen. Thomas Rosser's cavalry division advanced on the Back Road to Cupp's Ford. Brig. Gen. Lunsford Lomax's cavalry division was ordered to advance on the Front Royal-Winchester Road and then cross over to the Valley Pike in the vicinity of Newtown (Stephens City). Lomax did not advance as directed.
Phase Three
Surprise Attack on US Left Flank: Before dawn a heavy fog descended on the area. At precisely 0500, Kershaw's division fired a thunderous volley and rushed the entrenchments of Thoburn's division (Crook), overrunning them. Gordon's force began to advance and a few minutes later smashed into Brig. Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes' division (Crook) and Kitching's provisional division. Hayes' veterans attempted a stand which soon evaporated as Confederates closed in on both flanks of the disorganized units. Union soldiers, surprised in their camps, streamed rearward. At the sound of firing, Wharton's division advanced to the creek and deployed, awaiting further developments. The CS artillery raced to the front and opened fire on the XIX Corps from the heights overlooking Cedar Creek. A detachment of CS cavalry with Gordon attempted to reach Belle Grove, where they expected to capture Sheridan.
By 0530, mobs of stragglers from Crook's and Kitching's commands streamed west across the Valley Pike, confirming the scope of the disaster. Emory withdrew the units that covered the turnpike bridge and attempted to form a defensive line parallel with the pike. As he did so, Wharton's division crossed Cedar Creek at Stickley's Mill and rushed the heights, capturing 7 guns. Only desperate action enabled the rest of the US artillery to escape. Colonel Thomas Wilde's brigade (Crook's corps) went into line just east of the pike to contest the CS attack. General Wright directed their advance personally and was painfully wounded in the chin. A second US brigade under Col. Stephen Thomas (XIX Corps) advanced to high ground about 200 yards east of the pike and fired volley after volley into the fog, suffering heavy casualties. The stand of these brigades bought time for the Union trains parked near Belle Grove to escape to the north. The advanced US units were steadily driven back to Belle Grove. Crook's corps and Kitching's command were shattered and out of the fighting for the rest of the day.
Phase Four
VI Corps and XIX Corps Resistance: The VI Corps deployed to meet the approaching assault. While elements of the XIX Corps reorganized on Red Hill, Ricketts's Division (VI Corps) formed a line of battle anchored on Cedar Creek and fought an isolated battle against Kershaw's division which furiously attacked their line. Wheaton's Division (VI Corps) advanced to high ground in the fields north of Belle Grove Mansion, where they were assaulted by Gordon. The fog burned off and for the first time the opposing forces could see one another clearly. CS batteries were brought to bear against the US line. Kershaw assaulted repeatedly but was repulsed. Gradually, all US forces in the area withdrew and retreated northeast along Middle Marsh Brook.
Phase Five
Getty's Defense of Cemetery Hill: While fighting raged to his right, Maj. Gen. George Getty maneuvered his division (VI Corps) toward Middletown, seeking to extend the Union line to cover the Valley Pike. When US forces on the right began to withdraw, however, Getty established a defensive salient on Cemetery Hill, supported by artillery. General Early concentrated against Getty's position, launching disjointed attacks with elements of four different divisions which were successively repulsed with heavy casualties in the area near the Sperry House and the Ridings House. The CS artillery massed along the Valley Pike and concentrated a deadly fire on Cemetery Hill. After about an hour, Getty withdrew to join the rest of the army which was rallying, first along the Old Forge Road and then in a salient across the Valley Pike. Getty's stand broke the momentum of the CS assaults and enabled other US units to withdraw north of the cemetery to regroup.
In the meantime, Custer's division, after throwing back Rosser's feeble attempt to gain the US rear, joined Merritt on the far left of the Union line, east of the pike and north of Middletown. This concentration of cavalry threatened Early's right flank and forced him to redeploy heavy force in this area.
Phase Six
Sheridan Arrives/ US Army Regroups: About 1030, Sheridan arrived on the field after riding from Winchester. He established his command post near the Valley Pike (vicinity of the Dinges Farm) and began to reorganize his forces. The VI Corps was deployed on the left, adjacent to the Valley Pike, with the XIX Corps on the right. Crook's disorganized command was placed in reserve along the pike. In a dramatic moment, Sheridan rode along the front of the reestablished battle line. The men responded with a tremendous cheer. As skirmishing continued, Sheridan placed a cavalry division on each of his flanks, Merritt on the left and Custer on the right. About 1500, he prepared to launch a counterattack.
Phase Seven
CS Line Advances to Miller's Mill Road: After the US withdrawal from Cemetery Hill, Early advanced to occupy the hill and called a halt to regroup. He placed his divisions in a line about two and a half miles long, just north of Middletown, and pushed Ramseur and Kershaw forward to Miller's Mill Road. The CS divisions from left to right were: Gordon, Kershaw, Ramseur, Pegram, Wharton. As the afternoon wore on, skirmishing continued and several probes were made of the newly reestablished US line, but no serious fighting developed. Early appeared convinced that he had won the battle and that US forces would retreat after dark.
Phase Eight
Cavalry Maneuvers/Collapse of CS Left: About 1500 hours, Merritt advanced on the Union left, putting pressure on the CS right flank north of Middletown. Heavy US skirmish lines forced CS skirmishers back on their main line along the Miller's Mill Road and west. Custer maneuvered into position on the US right flank, confronting Gordon's men near Middle Marsh Brook. About 1530 Custer's division of cavalry and elements of the XIX Corps advanced against the CS left flank (Gordon and Kershaw), which was hanging in the air. Custer continued extending west beyond Middle Marsh Brook, thinning the CS line. He then launched a powerful attack that overran and scattered Gordon's division. The Confederate line now began to unravel from west to east, putting additional pressure on Ramseur's command at the center.
Phase Nine
Union Counterattack: At 1600 Sheridan ordered a general advance which led to fierce fighting along the front. Ramseur's division at the Confederate center near Miller's Mill bore the brunt of the attacks and repulsed several, in spite of the withdrawal of Kershaw and Gordon on his left. Fighting raged around the D. J. Miller House and mill until Ramseur fell mortally wounded. Then CS resistance in this area began to collapse. CS forces along the pike retreated hastily, although in fairly good order, up the Valley Pike toward the Union camps they had captured in the morning. Delaying actions fought by artillery and infantry units kept pursuing Union forces at bay. Merritt pressed forward with his division, pursuing closely as Confederates retreated across Cedar Creek.
Phase Ten
CS Retreat to Fisher's Hill: Custer's division advanced south along Middle Marsh Brook, gaining the rear of the Confederate army. As the CS rout continued, Custer crossed Cedar Creek at Hottel's Mill Ford and joined Merritt's division on Hupp's Hill at dusk about 1830. The cavalry advanced, pursuing the Confederates back along the Valley Pike. The bridge near Spangler's Mill collapsed causing Early to lose most of his artillery and many wagons. The cavalry pursuit continued after dark, ending at Fisher's Hill. The US cavalry captured 43 cannons, more than 200 wagons, and many prisoners. The Confederates lost at least ten battle flags, which symbolized the progressive disintegration of the army.
CURRENT CONDITION OF THE BATTLEFIELD
In spite of the damage wrought by interstate highway construction, encroaching development in the vicinity of Middletown, and a large-scale quarry along Middle Marsh Brook, the integrity of Cedar Creek battlefield is high. The battlefield core is very large, extending from Hupp's Hill to Rte. 633 north of Middletown, and from the North Fork Shenandoah to Middle Marsh Brook. The study area [Natl Pk Serv] encompasses the initial Confederate position at Fisher's Hill.
Beginning with surviving entrenchments on Fisher's Hill, the line of Gordon's flank march can be traced along the base of Massanutten through a pristine natural landscape. The fords where Confederate infantry crossed the North Fork can be located and waded. The Col. Bowman and Cooley houses, which figured prominently in the Confederate deployment, are there and in good condition. Union entrenchments remain on Hupp's Hill and along Cedar Creek. Belle Grove (Sheridan's headquarters) is preserved by the National Trust. Two hundred-fifty-eight acres of the surrounding fields are held by the National Trust and the Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation (CCBF). An additional 100 acres adjacent to Cedar Creek in the vicinity of Bowman's Fort has recently been donated to the National Trust/CCBF. Cedar Creek Battlefield is registered as a National Historic Landmark. The acreage included within the landmark boundaries fairly accurately reflects the size of the battlefield's core area. The CCBF is currently raising funds to renovate the historic Heater House.
The view from Getty's position on Cemetery Hill remains scenic in spite of new townhouse construction at the base of the hill. The Historic District of Middletown is a contributing resource. The D. J. Miller House and the McDaniel House, where Ramseur was mortally wounded, stand. Undisturbed fields to the north and east witnessed the counterattack directed by Sheridan late in the day, although new construction has begun that may impact upon this area. These and related parcels allow in-depth interpretation of the battle.
Perception of Threats to the Battlefield
In recent years, the pace of subdivision and new construction in the area has stepped up. An industrial/business park was built along US 11 south of Middletown (ironically, on the very ground labelled "Cedar Creek Battlefield" on the USGS quadrant). This industrial park currently consists of three large, but low- profile buildings, south of the Victorian house called Montvue. On this crest Confederate artillery massed against Cemetery Hill and General Early established his command post, during the battle. These buildings are visible from many parts of the battlefield. Construction northeast of Belle Grove along Rte. 624 would tend to degrade the viewshed of the land preserved by the National Trust and CCBF. A modern house is currently under construction in this area.
The area between Cemetery Hill and Old Town Middletown has filled in with townhouses and apartments in the past few years. Residential development has also occurred and continues adjacent to the I-81 interchange (#77). New construction of several large homes on 3-5 acre lots began in early 1991 and is ongoing south of Rte. 634 and west of the Miller-McDaniel Farm (ground has being recontoured). This area saw severe fighting in later phases of the battle. Of all residential construction, this new development is potentially the most damaging to battlefield integrity, because it establishes a foothold in the rural landscape west of town. Other construction has been more or less associated with the existing town. Lord Fairfax College and the new elementary school were built north of town, along US 11, on ground separating the two final battle lines of the armies and fought over by Wesley Merritt's cavalrymen and Gabriel Wharton's, John Pegram's, and William Wofford's infantrymen.
The quarries along Cedar Creek and Middle Marsh Brook are large- scale operations that are gradually working northeast along the valley. It appears that the quarry company owns land all the way to rte. 627 and possibly beyond. If continued north another half mile, this quarrying will eradicate the ruins of 18th-century Nieswander's Fort, site of Merritt's bivouac and George A. Custer's decisive flanking attack against John B. Gordon. The quarry works are visually intrusive from various parts of the battlefield.
The battlefield south of the junction of interstate highways I-66 and I-81 does not seem immediately in jeopardy because there is no interchange and access to the area is restricted to four county roads. This block of land retains very high rural/historic integrity and contains the Colonel Bowman and Cooley houses.
8th Vermont Monument
19th Corps Entrenchments
128th NEW YORK MONUMENT
Belle Grove
Bowman's Fort
Bowman's Mill (site of)
Bowman's Mill Ford
Buckton Ford
Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek Crossing
Clover House at Mine Bank Ford*
Col. Bowman's Ford
Collapsed Bridge Site
Cooley House
Crook's Entrenchments (traces)
Cupp's Ford
Wm. Dinges Farm*
Entrenchments
Fisher's Hill
Fisher's Mill*
G. A. Hupp House (site of*)
George Hupp House
Heater House
Hottel's Mill (site of*)
Hupp's Ford
Hupp's Hill
Long Meadow (Col. Bowman House)
Lowell Monument
Manassas Gap Railroad
McInturff House (ruin)
McInturff's Ford
Meadow Brook
Middle Marsh Brook
Middletown Cemetery
Miller House
Miller's Mill (ruin)
Miller-Kendricks Structures
Nieswander's Fort
North Fork Shenandoah River
Old Front Royal Road
Old Town Strasburg
Old Town Middletown
Ramseur Monument
Red Hill
Signal Knob
Fort Banks (site of)
Spangler's Mill
Sperry House (site of*)
Stickley House
Stickley's Mill (ruin)
Stone Bridge (ruin)
Stone House
Sunnyside
Thoburn's Redoubt
Valley Turnpike
Walton House
Widow Funkhouser House (site of)
"MEMORANDUM FROM PRISONER OF WAR RECORDS"
October 23, 1864Adam Scholl was "Captured at Cedar Creek Virginia on October 19, 1865, confined at Richmond, Virginia, October 23, 1864. Sent to Salisbury, North Carolina, November 4, 1864."
January 7, 1965 "Admitted to Hospital at Salisbury, North Carolina where he died January 7, 1865, of #42 [see documents]. Adam's widow, Elisabeth's application for pension dated May 13, 1865 states "he died of sickness, caused by ill treatment and foul provisions" [see transcription of that document, below].
The prison at Salisbury was the only Union prison camp in North Carolina.
And, it never ends . . .
The VietNam Veterans' Memorial Wall Page
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TRANSCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT DATED MAY 13, 1865
State of New York City of New York County of New YorkOn this thirteenth day of May A.D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, personally appeared before me, Deputy Clerk, New York Court of Pleas, Mrs. Elissabeth nee [born as] Bickhard, wife of Adam Scholl, a resident of West New York in the County of Hudson and state of New Jersey, aged 39 years, who, being first duly sworn according to law, doth her oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the Act of Congress approved July 14, 1862: That she is the widow of Adam Scholl who was Private in Company D commanded by Captain __________[omitted] in the 128th Regiment of New York St. Vols. in the War of 1861, who was taken prisoner on the 19th October 1864 in the battle at Cedar Creek, Va., while in the service of the Un. St. and in the line of his duties, and brought to Salisbury N.C. where he died of sickness, caused by ill treatment and foul provisions.
She further declares, that she was married to the said Adam Scholl on the 11th day of July in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty seven; that her husband, the aforesaid Adam Scholl died on the day above mentioned [?] and that she had remained a .... [widow ? - missed in copying?] .... as will more fully appear by reference to the proof herein annexed. She also declares, that she has not in any manner been engaged in, or aided or abetted, the rebellion in the United States. She also declares, that the following are the name and age of each and all of the children of the said Adam Scholl with this Affiant now living, who ____ [omitted] under sixteen years of age at the time of their father's decease, viz.: Catherine, born in the City of New York and now aged 13 years. John born at West New York, N.J. aged 9 years, Carl [?Charles] born at the same place (W.NY, NJ) aged 7 years; Elise [Elizabeth], born at the same place (W.NY, NJ), aged 4 years; Bertha [Caroline Bertha], born at the same place (W.NY, NJ) aged 2 years and Adam [Conrad Adam] born at the same place (W.NY, NJ) aged 8 months, and who all now reside at West New York, Hudson County, New Jersey with the Affiant their mother, and that she hereby appoints FREDERICK KAPP, of New York City, in the State of New York, her Attorney, with full power of substitution, to procure for her from the United States each Pension as she is entitled to, and to receive such Certificate as may be issued for the same.
Signed: Elizabeth Scholl
Applicant's Post-0ffice Address: "Mrs. Elizabeth Scholl, Lot No. 299 King Street, West New York, Hudson County, New Jersey" [Again signed "Elizabeth Scholl"]
Also personally appeared Daniel Scholl and Karl Pfeffer [unsure of first letter of this name; transcrbr] residents of New York in the State of New York, persons whom I certify to appear to be respectable, and entitled to credit, and who, being by me duly sworn, say that they were present, and saw Mrs. Elizabeth Scholl sign her name to the foregoing declaration; and they further swear, that they have every reason to believe, from the appearance of the applicant, and their acquaintance with her, that she ---------[no further photo copy of this document].
TRANSCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE, DATED JUNE 25, 1865
"I certify, on honor, that Adam Scholl, a private of Captain Williamsons Company D of the 128 Regiment of Infantry VOLUNTEERS, of the State of New York, born in Germany, State of ___[omitted] aged 39 years; 5 feet 5 1/2 inches high; light comoplexion, blue eyes, brown hair, and by occupation a painter, who joined for service and was enrolled (see Note 9) on the 26th day of August, 1864, at Albany, N.Y. by Capt. Parsons, for the periof of one year, and mustered into the service of the United States on the 26th day of August, 1864 at Albany, N.Y. by Capt. Parsons; and having served HONESTLY and FAITHFULLY with his Company to the present date, is now entitled to a DISCHARGE by reason of death at Salisbury Prison N.C. January 1, 1865.The said Adam Scholl has not received pay since enlistment, to incllued the ___ day of ___, 186_ [all left blank by drawer] and has pay due him from that time to the present date; he is entitled to pay and subsistence for TRAVELING to place of enrollment, and whatever other allowances are authorized to volunteer soldiers, drafted men, or militia, so discharged. He has received from the United States CLOTHING amounting to _________ dollars, since ______ day of ________ 186___, [all left blank by drawer] when his clothing account was last settled. He has received from the United States $33.33 advanced BOUNTY." [The remainder of the form spaces are for monies due the U.S. for travelling, clothing or debt. All were left blank by the drawer of the document.] Document signed as "Given in Duplicate, at Savannah, Ga. this 25th day of June, 1865" [Signed] "Jacob Armstrong, 1st Lieut. Commanding Company."
The following is a transcription of an application for pension made by Elisabeth Scholl, October 8, 1866
[Stationery of:]Charles Nettleton, Attorney at Law, and Pension and Bounty Agent, No. 111 Broadway, New York.On this 8th day of October A.D., one thousand eight hundred and sixty six, personally appeared before me, Nathaniel Jarvis, Clerk of the Commom Pleas,
She further declares, that she has not remarried since the death of her said husband, nor has she abandoned the support of any one of the children above named, nor permitted any one of the same to be adopted by any other person or persons as his, her or their child; and that she hereby appoints CHARLES NETTLETON, of New York City, in the State of New York, her Attorney, with full power of substitution, to procure for her from the United States such Pension as she is entitled to, and to receive such Certificate as may be issued for the same. "My Post Office address is: West N.Y. Weehauken, County of Hudson, State of New Jersey [signed} Elizabeth Scholl".
Also personally appeared LOUIS KAHL and HENRY LANDAU residents of New York in the State of New York, persons whom I believe respectable, and entitled to credit, and who, being by me duly sworn, say that they were present, and saw Elizabeth Scholl sign her name to the foregoing declaration; and they further swear, that they have every reason to believe, from the appearance of the applicant, and their acquaintance with her, that she is the identical person she represents herself to be, and that they have no interest in the prosecution of this claim. That they know the said Elizabeth Scholl is the widow of the said Adam Scholl who performed the military service mentioned in the declaration, from a personal acquaintance with her of about 13 years, and with her said husband about 13 years before his death. That she has remained a widow since his death. That the names and ages of all of his and her children under sixteen years of age at the time of their father's death they know to be correctly stated in her declaration. That their means of knowledge is derived from an intimate personal acquaintance. [Signed] Louis Kahl [and] Henry Landau.
Sworn to, subscribed and acknowledged, before me, this eighth day of October A.D. 1866; and I hereby certify, that I have no interest, direct or indirect, in the prosecution of this claim. [Signed} Nathaniel Jarvis, Clerk.
ELIZABETH REMARRIES - MARCH 23, 1873
TRANSCRIPTION OF ELIZABETH'S NEW MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE
"This Certifies That on the Twenty Third day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and Seventy Three, Mr. John Dippel of West New York, Hudson County, in the State of New Jersey, and Elizabeth Scholl of said place in the State of New Jersey, were by me united in MARRIAGE at the German Pilgrim Baptist Church of Hudson City near Montgomery Avenue, in presents of the Congregation, according to the Laws of the State of New Jersey. In the presence of the following witnesses: Elizabeth Kaiser [and] George Swartz. [Signed] Henry Gubelmann, Minister of the Gospel."UNION RECORDS
Union Records, for the Union Army Soldiers: There are three major record sources in the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR); (2) pension application file; and (3) records reproduced in microfilm publication M594, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Volunteer Union Organizations (225 rolls).
SALISBURY CONFEDERATE PRISON
Salisbury Confederate Prison - Quoted from that site: "Page 1 of 3: The only Confederate Prison that was located in North Carolina was in the town of Salisbury. The prison was established on November 2, 1861.
The site consisted of sixteen acres within and contiguous to the town of Salisbury [North Carolina], and contained a principal 3 story cotton factory building, about ninety by fifty feet constructed of red brick; also six brick tenements with four rooms each, and a larger intendent's house of framed materials, with smith shop and two or three inferior buildings."
"Page 2 of 3 Baseball was played at Salisbury in the early part of 1862 when POWs from New Orleans and Tuscaloosa were sent to Salisbury. W.C. Bates mentioned the advent of Baseball at Salisbury in his Stars and Stripes but regretted "that we have no official report of the match-game of baseball played in Salisbury between the New Orleans and Tuscaloosa boys, resulting in the triumph of the latter; the cells of the Parish Prison were unfavorable to the development of the skill of the 'New Orleans nine.' "¹"
"Prisoner Gray mentions that baseball was played nearly every day the weather permitted. Claims have been made that these were the first baseball games played in the South."
"The most ambitious escape attempt took place on Friday, November 25, 1864 [Adam was sent to Salisbury on November 4, 1864]. Owing to lack of food, very little shelter, the extreme winter of 1864, and overcrowding due to transfers from Andersonville, the prisoners rushed the gates. The gate cannon was fired three times killing 65 persons outright, and wounding an unknown number. Official reports put the number of prisoners who died from wounds and cannon fire at over 250."
"Visit the National Cemetery on Military Drive to see where Salisbury Civil war prisoners are buried in 18 trenches, 240 feet in length with estimates placing the number in the trenches at 11,700¹, and the individual graves of another 412 prisoners, of which 283 are unknown.¹ Report by COL. Oscar Mack, August 18, 1871"
This version, using the words "John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, but his soul goes marching on," soon became popular among the Union troops. In December 1861, Julia Ward Howe heard this version being sung, and at the suggestion of a friend, she went back to the Hotel Willard in Washington... and wrote the new words for Steffe's tune, now known as "Battle Hymn of the Republic." This stirring poem was published in The Atlantic Monthly in February, 1862, and soon the words of Mrs. Howe of Boston, sung to the tune by the Southerner, William Steffe, became synonymous with the Union cause.
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©Joan Sholl Francis, 1999 - 2002. Email: joanfran@ptd.net