15.

TEXTBOOK OF UNCOMMON CANCER, SECOND EDITION

D. Raghavan, M.L. Brecher, D.H. Johnson, N.J. Meropol, P.L. Moots, J. T. Thigpen

John Wiley & Sons    1999

Chapter 39-  Page 489

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

Christopher J. Sweeney, Mark R. Wick and Patrick J. Loehrer

"Thomomas generally take the form of well-localized , nodular, multilobed masses in the anterosuperior mediasunum, usually with at least partial fibrous encapsulation. However, they have been reported to occur rarely as primary lesions in other sites as well, both inside and outside the thorax. Such locations include the middle and posterior mediastinal compartments, the intrapulmonary or extrapulmonary pleura, and the neck. In fact, the term "SETTLE" (spindle-cell epithelial tumors of thymic-like epithelium) has been used for intra thyroidal lesions with virtually all of the attributes of thymoma."