Production of the more aggressive looking Integrale 16-Valve began in May 1989.
The Integrale's previously flat bonnet now had a 1.2 inch power bulge beneath which the new 16-valve cylinder head sat. Both the bonnet and the additional valves dynamically transformed the car. The engine's output increased to an awesome 200bhp, and the wheels and tyres were also bigger. A new torque split favored the rear wheels, with 47% front and 53% rear, although ABS was still only an option.
The 16v claimed the World Championships in 1989, 1990 and 1991.
The car was a flyer and demanded commitment, sprinting to 100kph in just 6.1 seconds. A middle silencer box under the car helped keep the environmentalists quiet, but at full cry the new engine's animalistic growl was an aural sensation. The single plate clutch coped with the power admirably, and the tail could be induced into deliciously controllable power slides with a heavy right boot.
It has the same well-tried system of permanent all-round
drive with three differentials, but with the following changes: The new 1995 cc
turbo compressed engine - with twin overhead camshafts, inter cooler and
balancing shafts - now adopts four valves per cylinder. The 16 valves and new
injectors allow Lancia to extract more power (200 bhp against the previous peak
of 185). In addition, a new turbo compressor and a new mapped injection/ignition
by IAW improves torque values and accelerator response.
The brakes are beefed up to match the higher performance and
anti-lock brakes appear as an option. The gearbox and suspension are modified; a
hydraulic clutch is fitted, along with wider 7" alloy wheels and fatter
tyres - 205/50 ZR 15. The lowered line, bigger tyres and the substantial bonnet
bulge with new ventilation grills, give the car a much more aggressive look.
Performance figures are exceptional: 220 kmph top speed, 26.1 seconds for the
standing kilometre and 5.7 seconds from 0-100 km/h.
The Lancia engineers have
developed some very interesting new tweaks - a significant modification being to
the electronically controlled waste gate valve. This valve normally cuts out the
turbo-charging at a pre-determined point - established during the design phase
of the car. In the integrale 16V the waste gate is given an intelligent
function, thanks to a proportional solenoid valve which continually varies the
charging pressure. Thus when maximum power is required from the engine, the
management system (part of the injection/ignition system) reads a series of
parameters (from engine rpm to the temperature of the air outside) and
automatically adjusts the waste gate . The electronic control means that the
increased power is delivered more progressively, exploiting the engine's
turbo-charged potential to the full.
Another of the principal
innovations in the new version is the optional ABS. The system, engineered by
Lancia, started out with the Bosh four-channel six-sensor layout - but seeks to
address the inherent problems facing all four-wheel drive vehicles using viscous
coupling transmission. These problems arise because all four wheels are
automatically maintained in a semi-rigid state. To ensure maximum anti -locking
effectiveness, this new sophisticated ABS system utilises a new functioning
logic. It has two sensors - to measure longitudinal acceleration and transverse
acceleration - mounted at the car's center of gravity near the gear lever. The
ABS management system pulses successive braking cycles - not just to the wheels
on the side with less grip (which are slipping) - but also to the wheels on the
other side, which provides a more even braking torque throughout. This prevents
violent yawing on surfaces with non-uniform grip, although the braking distance
can be a little longer as a result.
When the risk of yawing
is minimal (on a surface with uniform grip) or when the yaw can be effectively
controlled (fast cornering), the ABS management system is programmed to
re-introduce maximum brake efficiency. In practice, the control box abandons its
braking program when the longitudinal acceleration sensor detects a minimum of
yawing, or when the transversal acceleration sensor detects that the car is
cornering fast - a condition in which the driver has a firm grip on the steering
wheel and is ready to correct the trajectory. Finally, to prevent the situation
whereby excessive engine braking on the rear wheels reduces stability (as the
accelerator is released and the brake pedal is depressed) the ABS signals the
injection/ignition management system to speed up the idle.
Modifications to the
original bodywork - many of which had already made their appearance on the
previous version - are strictly in line with mechanical evolution and improved
performance. The widened wheel arches, side skirts, four circular headlamps and
twin exhausts (the classic distinguishing marks of the Lancia Delta Integrale)
are joined by a central bonnet bulge about 3 cm high, with two grilled air
intakes and an air feed under the spoiler. The modifications are required to
increase the size of the engine bay to house the new 16V engine and to cool the
gearbox oil. The wider tyres and the lower trim from the modified suspensions
also make the car look more aggressive. Identity badges on the front grill and
the tailgate are given the '16V' designation.
Although the headlamps
look the same as the ones on the previous model, they are more powerful,
especially the dipped pair. Inside, cabin trim is unchanged, with fabric and
Alcantara, the three-spoked, leather-trimmed racing wheel, instruments which
include a manometer and a restyled oil temperature gauge. The front seats are
competition Recaros and the back of the rear seat has an asymmetrical split. The
available colour range comprises five choices: White, Monza Red, Metallic Dark
Grey, Bordeaux and Metallic Black.
Street version |
Competition version (1992) |
|
Engine | Cast iron block, aluminum head construction. Transversally
mounted. 1995 cm3 84mm bore 90mm stroke, 4 inline cylinders, water cooled. 200 Bhp@5750 rev/min, 304 NM@3500rev/min. Garrett AiResearch T03 (60/50) oil lubricated, water cooled turbo (1.0 bar max. pressure) and intercooler. 2 OHC belt driven. 4 valves per cylinder (65°). Oil cooler. Weber-Marelli IAW integral engine management (injection and ignition). Compression ratio 8:1 |
Cast iron block, aluminum head construction. Transversally
mounted. 1995 cm3 84mm bore 90mm stroke, 4 inline cylinders, water cooled. Compression ratio 7.5:1 345Bhp@5500 rev/min, 450Nm@3500 rev/min (with 34mm restrictor fitted) Weber-Marelli IAW90 integral engine management (injection and ignition). Garrett AiResearch T03 (60/50) oil lubricated, water cooled turbo. 1.9 bar max boost pressure Water injection fitted. |
Transmission |
All wheel drive. Center viscous couplers, Torsen
rear differential. Epicyclical center differential with 47-53 % F/R torque distribution.
Final drive ratio 3.111. Five speed fully synchronized gear box. |
All wheel drive. Auto-locking front (40%), center and rear differential (90% in acceleration, 40% in deceleration). Top speed varying from 209Km/h to 245 Km/h depending on gear ratios. Epicyclical center differential with 50-50 % or 40-60% or 45-55% F/R torque distribution. |
Suspension | Front: Independent McPherson struts lower triangle, coil
springs and hydraulic shock absorbers, anti-roll bar. Rear: Independent, double transverse arms, longitudinal arm coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers, anti-roll bar. |
Front: Independent McPherson struts lower aluminum triangle,
coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers, anti-roll bar. Rear: Independent, double transverse arms, longitudinal arm coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers, anti-roll bar. All aluminum layout. The rear suspension is fixed on a cage that hold the differential. |
Brakes | Front: Ventilated disks (28,4 cm) floating 1 pot calipers. Rear: Disks (22,7 cm) floating 1 pot calipers. Bosch ABS (6 sensors). |
Front: Vented disks (usually 332mm), 4 pot calipers Rear: Vented disks (usually 282mm), 2pot calipers |
Chassis | Monocoque steel construction | Monocoque steel construction |
Wheels/Tires | 7"x15" wheels, 205/50ZR15 Pirelli P700z | 9"x17" wheels |
Dimensions | Length: 3900mm Width: 1685mm Height: 1365mm Wheelbase: 2480mm Front track: 1453mm Rear track: 1442mm Laden weight: 1260Kg |
Length: 3900mm Width: 1685mm Height: 1365mm Wheelbase: 2480mm Laden weight: 1149Kg |
Performance (works) | 0-100Km/h acceleration: 5.7S Max speed: 220Km/h 0-1000m acceleration: 26.1S |