BOOK 2 WORDS AND SYLLABLES
1. What are Syllables?
2. Compound Words Short Vowel Sounds
3. Compound Words Long Vowel Sounds
4. Compound Words R-Controlled Vowels
5. Compound Words Diphthongs and other Vowel Sounds
6. Words Ending in ED (Extra Syllable)
7. Words Ending in ED (No Extra Syllable)
8. Double Consonants Adding ER, ED, EST
9. Changing Y to I
10.
Revision Test 1 ED Endings
11. Double Consonants Adding ING, Y, EN
12. Odd Word
Out 1
13. Consonant X
14. Reading 1
15. Consonant S
16. Words Ending in ES (Extra Syllable) S, CH, SH, X, Z
17. Words Ending in ES (Extra Syllable) CE, GE, DGE, SE, ZE
18. Words Ending in S (No Extra Syllable)
19.
Revision Test 2
S Endings
20. More about Syllables
21. Consonant Soft G
22. Consonant Soft C and Q
23.
Reading 2
24. Consonant Digraph TH
25.
Odd Word Out 2
26.
Spelling Test 1
27. Stress Using the Shwa
28. Open Syllables
29. Closed Syllables
30. Unstressed syllables le, el and al
31.
Revision Test 3 Open, Closed and le/el/la Syllables
32. More Magic E
33. Spelling Test 2
34. More Long Vowel Sounds
35. The Hidden Magic E Adding ING
36.
Revision Test 4 Long Vowel Sounds
37. Suffixes
38. R-controlled Vowels - UR, ER, IR, OR, OUR, AR
39. Spelling Test 3
40.
Homophones
41. Word Stress in English
42. Word Stress and Grammar
43.
Odd Word Out 3
44.
Reading 3
Many English words are made up of more than one part or sound. These parts are called syllables. In the first phonics book, all the words had one syllable. For example: fog, truck and cheat.
Exercise A Listen to and say these words. For each word, say how many syllables it has. Draw a stroke between the syllables.
Example: thank (thank one) thank/ful (thankful two) thank/ful/ly (thankfully three)
1. ease easy easily
2. tale story history historical
3. twelve twenty eleven forty-seven
4. word letter alphabet dictionary alphabetical
5. know knowledge understand understanding understandable
6. name Jason identity identification
Exercise B Practise saying these words, counting the syllables on your fingers. Write down the number of syllables for the words in Column Three.
One syllable Two syllables Three or more syllables
1. luck lucky luckily ____
2. real really reality ____
3. sent sentence sentences ____
4. prayed parade economy ____
5. flow fellow economical ____
6. cash money monetary ____
7. stack attacks attractive ____
8. brief belief believable ____
9. vale avail availability ____
Exercise C Work with a partner. Say these words, draw strokes between the syllables and put them in the correct column in the table below.
hurts entering extract fixed intended
apple screen education stopped fixes
strange open opened opening stripe
astronomical able ability individual individuality
support sport misses spotted supported
|
One syllable |
Two syllables |
Three syllables |
Four syllables |
Five or more syllables |
|
|
|
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grape dream
back sick
black stroke
brief hole
cross mail
day vine
high case
home nut
key bow
pea road
play way
rain mate
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Exercise B Read the words in these two lists aloud. Then make new words by taking one from the left column and one from the right. How many can you make? You can use a word more than once.
day stone
bed light
grave time
grind side
mean boat
gem
life
hail
high
6. Words Ending in ED (Extra Syllable)
To say most verbs in past tense we add -ed. But the final -ed can sound different in different words. Listen to and say the following words:
asked begged pleaded
Which word has two syllables?
Here are some other words that have an -ed ending that sounds like the one in pleaded. Say them aloud:
tested waited ended faded
Each word has 2 syllables.
Exercise A Listen to these words ending in ed. Write down whether they have one or two syllables.
acted ___ printed ___ wedded ___ chased ___ fixed ___
worked ___ walked ___ matched ___ hunted ___ haunted ___
banded ___ used ___ ended ___ coughed ___ smashed ___
Can you find a rule?
The ED is affected by the sound that comes before it. The sounds T and D are called dental stops. When a word ends with one of these sounds we can not add ED without pronouncing an extra syllable.
Exercise B Find the words in the word search puzzle. When you find each word, you must say it.
N U J D L J L X H D D ZE I S P O I L J K E D IY X U D F T D E D N E MB O O T E D T N K H T TQ D E M L D O E P U C IP D E C E B D H D N A LR E S T E D E O U T D TI T T A I S V J N E E EH I N M N A K I B D T DP D A T E D W X H K R TD E T T E V E J M H A ZH C S J J G D D H C P Y
Word
List
acted bonded booted dateddotted hunted lifted mendednodded parted pitted restedsanded tilted vetted waited
Exercise C Write a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
wilted ___________ tested ______________ flitted ___________
drifted ___________ defended ___________ squatted ___________
7. Words Ending in ED (No Extra Syllable)
Listen
to and say the following words: asked begged
Does
the -ed at the end of these words
sound exactly the same? Say the words until you are sure of your
answer. When you say asked does it sound more like askD or
askT? The end sound is T.
Listen to and say these, which end with a T sound.
baked
puffed stopped missed wished watched
Now
say the word begged again. Does it sound more like begT or begD?
The end sound is D.
Listen
to and say these words, which end with a D sound.
rubbed dragged
waved caused judged
called
seemed cared loaned
flowed annoyed
How do we know whether a word ends with a D sound or a T sound for ed?
It depends on the sound that comes before it.
Voiceless sounds are sounds made without vibration of the vocal chords eg. K, F, P and S.
Voiced sounds are sounds made with vibration of the vocal chords e.g. B, G, L, V, Z
An -ed after a voiceless sound is pronounced T.
An -ed after a voiced sound is pronounced D.
S M A S H E D S C D D CD T Z L T E C H X E A AE G D H S U A N H P B LG A Q S D S F C O P J LG T I E E E T F F O Q EU M R D N A S E E L F DR W B D M Q F U T D I PD J O D E N I A G L X HY D S R P G F C I Z E MO D T R K Y D K H Q D JD E V I L E E U V Y U RS E E M E D D Z J S C FWord List called chased drugged fixedgained judged liked livedlopped matched missed seemedsmashed stuffed used workedExercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
mixed __________ scratched ____________ shirked ____________
dreamed __________ stopped ____________ smudged ____________
Exercise C Try to put the words from the word list into the correct column.
|
T after Voiceless Sound |
D after Voiced Sound |
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|
|
Exercise D Sometimes you can make a mistake in grammar if you don't hear the correct number of syllables. Listen to each of these sentences and tick whether it is about the past or the present.
|
|
Past |
Present |
|
a. We start(ed) at nine o'clock. |
|
|
|
b. They count(ed) the syllables. |
|
|
|
c. I often visit(ed) my friends. |
|
|
|
d. We want(ed) to play computer games. |
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e. I mend(ed) my socks. |
|
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f. They tend(ed) to waste their time in class. |
|
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8. Double Consonants
Adding ER, ED, EST
The Magic E When E is at the end of a word it is silent, but the vowel before it changes to a long vowel (the name of the letter). The pattern of the word is usually Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Silent E.
Listen to and say these words:
fat fate pet Pete din dine lop lope cut cute
The letter E is already there, so we just add the R, D or ST.
For example: fated Peter diner loped cutest
The E still works its magic. Be careful to say a long vowel in these words.
We need to keep the short vowel so we do not want the E to work its magic. So we double the consonant. This moves the E too far away from the vowel for the magic to work.
For example: fattest petted dinner lopped cutter
Make sure you say a short vowel in these words.
Exercise A Find the words in the word search puzzle. When you find each
word, you must say it.
P A W F T H O T T E S TI G D A L S A W B X U DT T C F I K E A Q W X ET S F Z T D T N V B R TE E R E T T E B N E Z TD G J W E R D P T I S OB G L D E E E T P E H DA I H O N T I D T O V TN B I N G F T T D T P CN W I E N G A E E I V AE S E V K F E Y S S B VR G U T T E R R U T T L Word List banner batted better bidderbiggest dotted fattest fittergutter hottest logger pittedpopped sinned thinnest wettest
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
sitter __________ butter ____________ knitted ____________
stopped __________ flattest ____________ chatted ____________
Dav rod his bik too fast down the slop . He put on his front brak but it was too lat . This was a bad mistak . The front wheel locked and he flew over the handlebars. He landed on a ston and brok his nos . He was in a daz for quit a long tim . His mum cam and drov him hom , and put ic on his fac to soothe his pain . You had a lucky escap , she said . You must tak more care in future . But you cant us your bik any more.
If the last syllable of a word is Y, what happens if you add ER, ED or EST?
The Y changes to I.
Listen to and say these words: worry worried hungry hungrier smelly smelliest
If Y is only part of a syllable it does not change.
Listen to and say these words: play player annoy annoyed grey greyest
F T O R H A P P I E S TU S B Q E W D L M C C HN E E G H Y H E R V U WN I Y B R L O I I R J RI R E D R E E R R N E HE D D V E D P I T Y E CR U K X Y I E L A S Y DB D E Y A D R L I W E RY U H T R V F F Z E D DE G C C T S E Y O C D RF R A Y E D R E I L F SB Q B R B Z T M B C X E
Word List
betrayer coyest cried destroyer denieddriest flayer flier frayed friedfunnier happiest hurried obeyed replied
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
curried __________ player ____________ blade ____________
sunnier __________ beside ____________ highest ____________
11. Double Consonants
Adding ING, Y, EN
What
happens when you add EN to a word that already ends with E?
The letter E is already there, so we just add the N.
Examples: wide widen wove woven live liven
The E still works its magic. Be careful to say a long vowel in these words.
What
happens when you add ING or Y to a word that already ends with E?
You hide the E first. Examples: fade fading craze crazy save saving
Even though we cant see it, the E still works its magic. Be careful to say a long vowel in these words.
What
happens if you add EN to a word that does not end with E?
We need to keep the short vowel. We dont want the E to work its magic. So we double the consonant. This moves the E too far away from the vowel for the magic to work.
Examples: fat fatten bit bitten sad sadden
Make sure you say a short vowel in these words.
What
happens when you add ING or Y to a word that does not end with E?
If we just add ING to rid we get riding. But this is the same as adding it to ride. So we have to double the consonant to show that there is no hidden magic E. It is the same when we add Y.
Examples: bid bidding sun sunny drag dragging snap snappy
F T G M Y C W C R R B G M L O N H G A G O D I N Y L I A I N G T V G T I D N T T N T T U N M T T S T N I T E T I B T E T Y I N U N I T U B B N E X G T E S T N Y J E H L N E T T A L F G Y T D J P O P P I N G V T T J E M I T T E N E T T I K T E Y D D U B G X O N Q T F U N N Y H I Y D G E Y Word List betting bitten buddy buggycanning chatty flatten dottyflitting kitten jutting funny letting mitten patting jettypopping rotten sitting sunny
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
banning __________ batten ____________ knitting ____________
Betty __________ smitten ____________ fatty ____________
Which word is the odd one
out? Explain why.
1. soft trap plastic length crust
2. easy faster painful quickly strange
3. thinking pitiful hungry plainly piglet
4. doorknob bedpost handbag reason hotpot
5. taxed heated warned jumped burned
6. wedded clapped banned sagged popped
7. hated waded saved coded cited
8. hopped kidded wedded fitted potted
9. greyed betrayed destroyed strayed cried
10. nodding copping trotting riding bidding
11. widen woven soften given taken
12. batting betting biting cutting rotting
13. ripper fitter sinner killer finer
14. fatter later tighter meaner ruder
15. coping funny droning lazy exciting
X has no sound of its own. It borrows some unusual sounds from other
consonants. The most common sound of X
is KS. Another sound of X is GZ
although this sound is not common. The
last sound of X is the Z sound. There
are very few words which use this sound of X.
Sound of KS Examples: The KS sound can be heard in the
words mix and next.
Sound of GZ Examples: The GZ
sound of X is not very common.
Sometimes, it can be heard in words that begin with ex- like the
word exam. (However, many words that begin with -ex have the KS
sound.) Other examples of the GZ sound
are: exert, exaggerate.
Sound of Z Examples: The Z sound of X is not very common. An example of this sound: xylophone.
C G A E U K H L B W T U R K P Y L N H W O R E T M G G Q W X D E X A F C C I B O H P O N E X T A W D K E E A Y Q R K E R X I W X L X X M G L X T W O E G E P Q I I G A X W R R S P Y M T O N O E T L S E A H X A P M C E H W Y W X E W B X O C W Z L Y A T R B B D E I K L Z G U H F I X I N G R Word List axiom boxer coax exampleexert extract faxed fixingsexy textile xenophobic Xerox
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
relaxed __________ mixing ____________ sample ______________
hurt ____________ jokes ____________
14. Reading 1
Read these poems.
1. Betty Botter 2. The Bittern
Betty
Botter had some butter, A bitter biting bittern
"But," she said, "this butter's bitter. Bit a
better brother bittern,
If I bake this bitter butter, And
the bitter better bittern
It would make my batter bitter. Bit the bitter biter back.
But a bit of better butter-- And
the bitter bittern, bitten,
That would make my batter
better." By the better bitten bittern,
So she bought a bit of butter, Said: "I'm a bitter biter
bit, alack!"
Better than her bitter butter,
And she baked it in her batter,
And the batter was not bitter.
So 'twas better Betty Botter
Bought a bit of better butter.
3. Fresh Fish 4.
Tooter tutor
(from Dr. Seuss' - "Oh say can you say")
Do
you like fresh fish? A
Tutor who tooted a flute
It's just fine at Finney's Diner. Tried to tutor two tooters to
toot.
Finney also has some fresher fish Said the two to their tutor,
that's fresher and much finer. "Is it harder to toot
But his best fish is his freshest fish Or to tutor two tooters to
toot?"
and
Finney says with pride,
"The finest fish at Finney's is
my freshest fish, French-fried!" 5. Twister
SO...
don't order the fresh or the fresher fish. A
twister of twists once twisted a twist.
At Finney's, if you're wise, And
the twist that he twisted was a three-twisted twist.
Youll say, "Fetch me the finest, French- Now
in twisting this twist, if a twist should untwist,
fried freshest fish that Finney fries!" Would the twist that untwisted
untwist the twists?
6.
Writing on a Train 7. Tap Dancers
Writing on a railway train Twenty tiny tap dancers
Is very hard to do Tapped to a bright light tune.
For it bumps you up and down Their routine was smart and dainty
And shakes you through and through. And they tapped and they did croon.
Clickety-clack Tip tap tappety tap tap tip
Down the track Dippety, dippety tap tap dip.
Heading for the station. Teddy taught the tappers
Ive put my pen and paper away To tap and flick their feet,
Till I reach my destination. But it sometimes happened that the twenty
Tried too hard and missed a beat,
So instead of
Tip tap tappety tap tap tip
Dippety, dippety tap tap dip,
It was
Tip tappety tappety tip
Dippety tappety dip tip dip.
The
most common sounds of the letter S are: SS and ZZ.
Sound of S Examples: The unvoiced sound SS can be heard in
the words see, say, some.
Sound of Z Examples: The voiced sound ZZ is also very common. It
is often heard in word endings, especially words that end in -es (ages)
and -ies (thirties). Other patterns that often have the Z sound of
S is a vowel-s pattern (was, his).
Sometimes it can even have the sound SH or ZH, if it is followed by U.
Eg. (SH) sure, pressure, fissure. (ZH) pleasure, treasure
Exercise A The ending sound of the words use and abuse depends on whether it is a noun or a verb.
The noun has an unvoiced S and the verb has a voiced S.
Try reading these sentences:
Exercise B Read these tongue twisters to practice the sounds of S.
Sammy & Suzie Say This
Sammy
sitting singing Say
this sharply, say this sweetly,
Sought Suzie Shaw Say
this shortly, say this softly.
Since Suzie started sobbing Say this sixteen times in succession.
Sammy's stopped seeking
Mr.
See owned a saw. Sarah
saw a shot-silk sash shop
And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw. Full of shot-silk sashes,
Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw As the sunshine shone
Before Soar saw See, On the side of the shot-silk sash shop.
Which
made Soar sore.
If Soar had seen See's saw Silly Sally
Before See sawed Soar's seesaw,
See's saw would not have sawed Soar's seesaw. Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven
silly sheep.
It was sad to see Soar so sore The seven silly sheep Silly Sally
shooed
Just because See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw! Shilly-shallied south.
These
sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack;
Sheep should sleep in a shed.
Susan the Shoe-shiner
Susan
shines shoes and socks;
Socks and shoes shines Susan. Slippery Sally slipped on a
slippery sea shell
She
ceases shining shoes and socks, While selling sea shells on the
sea shore.
For shoes and socks shock Susan. Surely she shouldnt have slipped
on such a sea shell.
Exercise C. Listen to these words ending in s. Write down whether they have one or two syllables.
faces ___ washes ___ watches ___ takes ___ puts ___
smiles ___ tools ___ kisses ___ slices ___ pinches ___
boxes ___ fringes ___ prices ___ loves ___ pieces ___
What is the rule?
Nouns and verbs ending in a sibilant (hissing) sound have an extra syllable when s is added.
16.Words Ending in ES (Extra Syllable) S, CH, SH, X, Z
To make verbs like catch or wash
into third person singular, add ES: catches,
washes
To make nouns like fox or church
plural, add ES: foxes, churches.
Y S U B S K T S E S Y FF P H C I E E E O E O IB S S S C H H H Y X J ZI U S E C C N S A I J ZH E Z N H K O A I F S ES U U Z N S H L L W E SB L E T E R A F Q L Y DG P U C C S H R E U V SA T Y W O S E H C A E BS E S N E L F J J X A MB T O U C H E S A X S KK X X L S Y E T W A L K
Word
List
beaches buzzes crashes fixesfizzes flashes kisses lenseslunches taxes touches wishesExercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
reaches ______________ misses ________________ quizzes ________________
waxes ______________ crunches ______________ crutches _______________
17. Words Ending in ES (Extra Syllable) CE, GE, DGE, SE, ZE
Words like face,
age and edge already end with E, so to make a plural or third person
singular, just add S:
faces,
ages, edges
N S A S F Q S J L E S AS E N V E E G O W E M BJ E C E G C B W G S Y UZ U C A E A A D L E K SA K R N D Z U L P G S EC X F G U R E X P N E SF Q E W G O S S V I Z ZQ S I Z E S B N N R A ZP L E D G E S V P F M MU P X Q S E S O L C U FO E E N N U X R J R F EM M L O O Z B M M H J Q
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
pages ______________ smudges ________________ singes ________________
rises ______________ dozes ______________ cruises _______________
18. Words Ending in S (No Extra Syllable)
For most
other endings, to make a plural or third person singular, just add S. But if
the word ends with a Y syllable, change it to I and add ES:
worry worries query queries sty sties
L D X S X Z W R S C V ST H I E V E S E S O R QD U T N A S I E G U M LS N N O K R I L P G N NE E Q B R R I M F H H YI G R U C D M D L S B AD R H A E L S N E E U QN D R S T F O Q A U S KA D U N E S A C S M B RC S G N I S K D K L A AK L U S J W Y E E S T KT R E E S P L X T S S G
bones candies clocks coughscries dunes fades fleasglides hurries queens singsstabs stares thieves trees
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
rocks ______________ flies ________________ brings ________________
strides ______________ scoffs ______________ leaves _______________
19. Revision Test 2 S Endings
Exercise C Listen to six sentences. You will hear one word from each of the following pairs.
Underline the word you hear from each pair.
a. reach / reaches b. wish / wishes horse / horses
c. catch / catches d. lose / loses face / faces
e. fax / faxes f. face / faces loss / losses
20. More about Syllables
Exercise A In fluent natural English, some syllables are left out. For each of these words, write down the number of syllables you expect to hear. Then listen and write down the number you actually hear.
Expected
number Actual
number
a. national ____ ____
b. library ____ ____
c. interesting ____ ____
d. chocolate ____ ____
e. rationally ____ ____
f. actual ____ ____
g. awfully ____ ____
h. comfortable ____ ____
Exercise B (Dictation) Listen and write in the missing words.
a. The . ready for the race. _____
b. The dispute .. . friendship. _____
c. We . .. grandmother on Saturday. _____
d. Food during the crisis. _____
e. We . . when we are overseas. _____
f. I .. you a present. _____
g. My homework? I ... yesterday! ____
Count the syllables in each sentence. Write the number in the space provided.
Exercise C Listen to a partner saying these sentences. Point out any errors you hear. Then change roles.
a. I would like to buy a dozen oranges and two pieces of cake. I would also like two large boxes of dates please.
b. When I travelled to England I visited London. This is the city I liked best.
The
letter G has two different sounds. It has a hard and a soft sound.
The hard sound of G is G as in go.
The soft sound of G is J as in pigeon.
Sound of G Rule: When G is followed by E, I, or Y it is usually the soft sound (J). When G is followed by other vowels or consonants, it is usually the hard sound (G).
Examples
Soft Sound: Some exceptions (Hard Sound)
G followed by E gem, general, geometry, age get, gelding
G followed by I gin, giant, raging, gist, giraffe gig,
gift
G followed by Y gym, gyp, energy gynecologist
K B X L Y F G N Y O E YL D M K L E D Z H B S BU M V Y N E U S T P M NE G R E M E G O Y I Z TE M T V J D N G U Y M RR I A U M Q I L A R G EC E E G A L G P I G Y PX I G T I R A H T O X UT V U N I C P O F C O DN J H G I E G A T S S GP U I Q Z G T O Q B K YL D C Z D X O Z B P S F
Word List emerge gell genetic gingergypsy huge large magicpaging pudgy rigid stage
Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
caging ______________ tragic ________________ quell ________________
frigid ______________ frenetic ______________ urge _______________
The
letter C in English has no sound of its own. It borrows two different sounds from the consonants K and S.
Hard C sounds like K. Soft C sounds like S.
When
C is followed by E, I or Y it is usually the soft sound
(S). When C is followed by other
vowels or consonants, it is usually the hard sound (K).
Examples: CE cease, face, ceiling,
celebrate, celery
CI circle, cinema, city
CY
cyber, cycle, fancy,
cynic
The
letter Q in English is another
consonant that has no sound of its own.
It borrows sounds from K. Q is
always used with the vowel u to
create two distinct sounds: KW and K.
The
KW sound of Q is the most
common. It is often heard in words that
begin with Q, such as quite, queen, and quick.
The
K sound of Q is found much
less often. It is most often heard in words that end with -que, as in antique and plaque.
E X E Y B R C R F Q T CP V B C E I O C R U E YX L R V A M C B O D N CK F A A A L S Y Z E G LQ U I N C E P U C E Y OQ R C E C I O H C L C NU E U Q I P S I R R E EN Z K T S P W T G S I DI Q U E S T I O N U U CQ W N I X C E Z S N O PU T Q U H E Y L C U Y TE S F Q F T R E T U S DWord List
bicycle choice circus cyclonecygnet dunce pique placequaver question quiet quinceracist romance twice unique Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
voice ______________ diet ________________ chase ________________
once ______________ flavour ______________ speak _______________
23. Reading 2
Exercise A (Consonant S) Read the following sentences.
1. Several sick sailors ask for sea salt.2. The assassination of the assistant secretary surprised several people.3. The sisters sat snipping with scissors.4. Stay on the east side of the street.5. Set the sack in the center of the circle.6. Six times six is thirty-six.7. The sun is stronger on the south side of the seat.8. The snake stung swiftly and slid smartly away.Exercise B (Consonants M, N, B, P and W)
Think about what your lips do when you say these five sounds M, N, B, P, W.Which sound does not need your lips at all?For which sound do you need to make a circle with your lips?For which sound do you leave your lips together? Exercise your lips by reading the following sentences. 1. Many moaning men are making music to the moon.
2. Nineteen noisy gnomes are never alone.
3. I mentioned minerals may be mined in mountains.
4. Pass the pens and pencils please.
5. Packing pickles poses problems.
6. The stupid spider disappeared into the upturned barrel.
7. Bobby burst the big blue balloon.
8. I bought a book about a boy who became a prince.
9. Where are the watches we wanted?
10. Why will you worry about wild winds and wet weather?
Exercise C (Consonants L, R, D and T)
Be careful not to confuse the sounds of L and R. This is often a problem for Chinese students. D and T can also sometimes be confused. Read the following sentences carefully. 1. Bring three lorries round to the front.
2. Raise the retail price of broken rope.
3. The rusty rod was wrapped in a rotting rug.
4. The river runs under the railway bridge.
5. Carry the dress round to the rest room.
6. The grain was really very brown for a rather curious reason.
7. The letter is likely to be lost.
8. He had long legs and leapt easily along the lane.
9. The flames leapt into the loft killing millions of black and blue flies.
10. Its foolish to leave a wallet lying around.
11. The pilot landed the plane smoothly in a pool full of tall reeds.
12. The blood flowed slowly as the ball of wool rolled away.
13. He stole the gold, filled the pail full of coal, but failed to sell the needles.
14. If you delay longer were likely to be late so leave the lazy lion alone.
15. Dont touch those tomatoes till I return tomorrow.
16. He didnt want to admit that the leader was right.
24. Consonant Digraph TH
Sound of the consonant digraph TH: The th digraph is difficult to describe as it has two forms, voiced and unvoiced. The amount of movement of the vocal cords determines which form it is.
Examples: An example of a voiced th is the word the. An unvoiced example is the word thin.
You may or may not be able to feel or hear the differences between these two words.
The Voiced "th" Sound
Exercise A Try saying these words and phrases:
feather the they theirs those though
rhythm therefore lather rather writhe with
gather bathe soothe smooth further either
weather father mother brother
That
was then, this is now Either this one or that one
I
loathe this smooth leather. Smooth breathing is soothing. Gather the others together.
Exercise B Practice this Dialogue:
A: Is your father
coming to the gathering this Saturday?
B: No. Neither is my
mother.
A: That's too bad.
My brother was looking forward to seeing them.
B: Well, they're
both a little under the weather.
A: Oh, sorry to hear
that. Can I send something or other to cheer them up?
B: Please don't
bother. They'll be fine.
Exercise C Try reading this passage:
Even though my father is a weatherman, he can't predict with absolute certainty whether it will rain or not. Neither can the other people who work with him. They say there's only a thirty per cent chance of rain, and the next thing you know, it's pouring. They predict snow, and there's nothing for another five days. Then, there's a blizzard. So rather than trust my father's weather forecasts, I use a more reasonable approach. I ask my mother.
The Unvoiced "th" Sound
Exercise
D Try
saying these words and phrases:
thief theft thorn thrust broth threat
month maths thrift wrath health thought thong thatch thirty theme thumb three lethal ethics author method athletic filthy length worth earth wealth broth tenth fifth Think of three themes. Through thick and thin.
The
thieves took the path to the wealthy authors house. Thursday is his seventh birthday.
Three
thousand three hundred and thirty three feathers. Three free throws.
Exercise E Practice this dialogue:
A: When's
Thanksgiving?
B: It's on a
Thursday in November.
A: The third
Thursday or the fourth?
B: I think it's the
fourth.
A: That would be the
twenty-fifth.
B: No, it's the
twenty-sixth.
A: Thanks.
Exercise F Try reading this passage:
If
you think you're safe from thievery, think again. Most thefts occur within
three miles of the victim's home. People often venture into the streets without
giving their valuables a second thought. They leave things out in the open,
where thieves can easily spot them. Items worth thousands of dollars can be
stolen in a tenth of a second. So be thoughtful. Only you can thwart this
terrible crime. Watch your things carefully. Thieves do.
Which word is the odd one out? Explain why.
1. soft best was sand crust
2. goose user fuse boos blues
3. badges pitches hisses strikes washes
4. slaves edges hopes rides bones
5. trees cries tries fleas taps
6. watches witches messes bathes crushes
7. geography gentleman getting generous gender
8. gin gas gore giggle gun
9. fringe badge agenda regent regret
10. cell cold camp cook cup
11. cyber fancy recite centre cover
12. request plaque queen acquit quickly
13. thin think this thistle thicker
14. brother breath thought method month
15. healthy thimble Thursday birthday whether
26. Spelling Test 1
Listen to the following words. Fill in the missing
letters. Listen carefully for the first sound and the end sound. It may help to
think of a word that rhymes.
1.
men
__ __ __
2.
ban
__ __ __
3.
fit
__ __ __
4.
tos
__ __ __
5.
pat
__ __ __ __
6.
cra
__ __ __ __
7.
stu
__ __ __
8.
sti
__ __ __ __
9.
hur
__ __ __
10. __ __ __ ker
11. bos __ __ __
12. cra __ __ __ __
13. bea __ __ __ __
14. tax __ __
15. cro __ __
16. mat __ __ __ __
17. ed __ __ __
18. ben __ __
19. ma __ __ __
20. inc __ __ __
27. Stress - Using the
schwa.
In English some syllables are emphasised more than others. There are three main ways they are stressed:
Higher pitch Extra length Clearer vowel sound
A.
Pitch
When we speak our voice moves up and down. In Cantonese each word has a fixed tone. In English a higher-pitched tone is used for syllable stress, not to change the meaning of a word. Example: ba-na-na. Which syllable has higher pitch?
Exercise A Listen to these words and underline the syllable with the highest pitch.
apple decision evidence statement beautiful
tomato forty television recreation beautician
orange fourteen dictation revolt revolution
B.
Syllable length
In English, some syllables are long and some are short. Stressed syllables are extra long.
Exercise B Listen to these names. Which syllable is longest in each word?
Raymond Mary Amanda Maria Eudora Alexander
Exercise C Listen and practise saying these words. Focus on the different lengths of the sounds.
__ . . ___ . ___ . ___ . .
farmer review decided telephone
open discuss appearing practical
take it perform he's calling thoroughly
longest approach I'm coming wait a bit
_______ _______ _________ ________
_______ _______ _________ ________
Listen and write these words in the correct column above:
handicapped revolting buffalo explain
danger neighbour because attention
C. Vowel quality In English, there are strong vowels and weak vowels.
All stressed syllables have strong vowels. Most unstressed syllables have weak vowels.
Listen to these words: banana Canada drama
Which syllable has a strong vowel sound? The other syllables have a short weak vowel sound. This sound is called a schwa. It is the most common vowel sound in English.
Exercise D Listen to the difference between strong and weak vowels. Repeat the words. Underline the strong vowels.
pot potato Tom atom ass assault
man woman men women be become
add addition office official fort effort
Athens Melbourne Sydney Paris Barcelona
Exercise E Listen and write down the missing words. Underline the strong vowels.
1. An old . was . in her own home.
2. There was . to the Lee .
3. Attach a . to the form and don't forget ...
4. My .. wants to . the city of ..
5. The .. were held in
Exercise F Practice saying the following:
FORward WOman WOmen offICially
PHOtograph phoTOgraphy photoGRAPHic
He was in BARceLOna in the SUMmer HOlidays.
My proNUNciAtion is GETTing BETTer.
28. Open syllables
An open syllable is a syllable that ends with a vowel. It is nearly always a long vowel sound.
Exercise A These words begin with an open syllable. Listen, and draw a line between the syllables.
a/corn betray bisect cogent defend diverge event
fatal futile genius giant haven hotel idol
labour major minor mobile mucus naval notion
oboe over pagan pony pupil regal rodent
silent soda total tuba vacant vagrant Venus
Exercise B Listen to the same words again. This time, underline the stressed syllable.
Exercise C Write a word from Exercise A that rhymes with each of the following words.
emerge ___________ motel ___________ rover ______________ craven ____________
pliant ___________ ocean ___________ odour ______________ scruple ____________
Exercise D Some words end with an open syllable, especially when the vowel is O. Listen to these words and draw a line between the syllables.
a/go banjo dingo halo
maybe photo veto Zulu
29. Closed syllables
A closed syllable is a syllable that ends with a consonant. If the syllable has a single vowel it is nearly always a short vowel sound.
Exercise A In these words both syllables are closed. Listen, and draw a line between the syllables.
actress bankroll candid confess dentist eggshell except
expert friendship gasket handbag insect insist junket
kitten lipstick metric mattress ostrich pencil rabbit
singlet static tablet topnotch transport unkind vixen
Exercise B Listen to the same words again. This time, underline the stressed syllable. Note if the first syllable is a prefix, it is usually not stressed.
Exercise C Write a word from Exercise A that rhymes with each of the following words.
inept ___________ mitten ___________ democratic ______________
address ____________ remind ___________ enlist _____________
30. Unstressed syllables
le, el and al
Many words end with an unstressed syllable which sounds like the consonant L. It can be spelt in three ways LE, EL and AL. Examples: little, double, label, shrivel, legal, journal.
Note: In words ending with STLE the T is silent. Examples: gristle, bustle.
T S A N D A L M E T A L E K R L L A D E P Z Q G B L E N O G O D R L V R O P T T E Z U D S G X T T Y T T T L S L B S C U T T L E E L E E E W L E L T T A C F E S T B H E E H N R G W E C S T A I Z L O U E F L D I U L L S E D D L R D A M E M E K T A L D A D T O O H A N D L E D D A R L L D W S K P E I E P I M C F E Z W F D F E L D D I M K L Word Listbottle cattle cradle fettlefiddle handle hurtle idlekettle label meddle metalmiddle model mussel nodalpaddle pedal sandal scuttlesettle trouble wattle whistleExercise B Write down a word from the word list that has the same sound as each of the following words.
idol ______________ medal ________________ mettle ________________
muscle ______________ peddle ______________ Handel _______________
Exercise C Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
battle ______________ candle ________________ turtle ________________
fable ______________ coddle ______________ epistle _______________
31. Revision Test 3
Open, Closed and le/el/al
Syllables
Exercise B Practice reading the following:
1. As I grapple with the riddle, I put the fiddle in the middle of the puddle.
2. A very vocal crippled yokel gave a muffled cry as he fumbled at the local jumble sale.
3. Whatll be the title of the novel?
4. I have dental problems, rental problems and mental problems!
5. I like apple strudel and mussels with noodles.
6. The little kettle
Made of metal
Sang a subtle tune.
The little kettle made of metal
Merrily did croon.
7. A freckle and a dimple
A wrinkle and a pimple-
Thats what I find on my face.
I chuckle and I giggle
And I wobble and I wriggle
As I stumble out of this place.
8. There once was a man in a tangle
Who had mangled up his hand with a bangle
When his friends asked him why
He just held his arm high
And let his hand hang there and dangle.
32. More Magic E
Exercise A The magic E is found in the second syllable of each of the following words.
Divide the words into syllables.
Listen to the words and underline the stressed syllable. Then read the words aloud.
accuse airline athlete alone backside berate
bespoke cascade collate complete conclude condone
create debase decide define devote explode
Exercise B. Write down a word from the above list that rhymes with each of the following words.
refuse ______________ intrude ________________ remote ________________
beside ______________ effete ______________ hairline _______________
Did you get the last three words right?
Beside does not rhyme with backside, because the stressed syllables do not rhyme.
Effete does not rhyme with athlete, because the stressed syllables do not rhyme.
Hairline does not rhyme with define, because the stressed syllables do not rhyme. Note - A word only rhymes if every syllable after the stressed syllable also rhymes. Eg. Backside rhymes with trackside.
Exercise C The magic E is found in the second syllable of each of the following words.
Divide the words into syllables.
Listen to the words and underline the stressed syllable. Then read the words aloud.
extreme futile gyrate impede incite inhale
midwife nitrate obese obtuse refuge refute
revise seduce serene survive verbose wardrobe
Exercise D Write down a word from the above list that rhymes with each of the following words.
unclean ______________ replies ________________ indeed ________________
flight ______________ police ______________ great _______________
Write some more MAGIC E words using the following letters. You may place them at the start of a word, at the end, or in the middle. Some examples are given.
1. - ice- twice ________________ ________________ _________________
2. ake- earthquake ________________ ________________ _________________
3. use- accused ________________ ________________ _________________
4. ate- hateful ________________ ________________ _________________
5. ike- unlikely ________________ ________________ _________________
6. ife- knife ________________ ________________ _________________
7. ope- opening ________________ ________________ _________________
8. ite- spiteful ________________ ________________ _________________
9. ise- advertise ________________ ________________ _________________
10. aze- craze ________________ ________________ _________________
33. Spelling Test 2
Listen to the following words. Fill in the missing
letters. Listen carefully to the sounds. It may help to think of a word that
rhymes.
1.
can
__ __ __
2.
scan
__ __ __
3.
bub
__ __ __
4.
bea
__ __ __
5.
chan
__ __ __
6.
bo
__ __ __ __
7.
shu
__ __ __ __
8.
to
__ __ __ __
9.
ho
__ __ __ __
10. pe __ __ __
11. inv __ __ __
12. con __ __ __ __
13. re __ __ __ __
14. de __ __ __ __
15. ref __ __ __
16. re __ __ __ __
17. exp __ __ __ __
18. en __ __ __ __ __
19. ig __ __ __ __
20. con __ __ __ __
34. More Long Vowel Sounds
Exercise A A (AI, AY, A_E), E (EE, EA, Y), I (IGH,I_E), O (OA, OW, O_E), U (EW, U_E)
Each of these words has two syllables with a long vowel sound. Break the words into syllables. Under each syllable write a single letter to show which vowel sound it contains. Then say the words aloud.
be/low beeline female freeload Friday
E O
lonely mainstream newly nubile nightlife
pre-owned profile railroad rainbow re-use
Exercise B Diphthongs OU /OW, OI /OY
Break the following words into two syllables. Underline the above diphthongs in each word.
Then say the words aloud.
appoint around ballgown buoyant compound
cowboy downpour groundwork joyous renown
royal soundproof toilet topsoil tower
Exercise C OO/EW/O/OE/U/UE (as in TOO)
Break the following words into two syllables. Underline the above vowel sound in each word.
Then say the words aloud.
balloon bluebird bluish cartoon cooper
clueless crewcut gruesome review into
loophole redo rhubarb shoehorn withdrew
Exercise D AW/AU/AUGH/AL/OR/OUR (as in LAW)
Break the following words into two syllables. Underline all syllables which contains the above vowel sound. Then say the words aloud.
applaud ballgown daughter default courthouse
downpour report shoehorn sawdust slaughter
smalltalk tautly tortoise walkway withdraw
35. The Hidden Magic E
Adding ING
What happens when we add ING to a word which has a magic E? The E disappears, but we should imagine it is still hiding behind the ING and working its magic.
Eg. Ride becomes riding. The first syllable still has a long vowel sound.
If we want to add ing to the word rid, we must double the consonant to make ridding, so that the hidden magic E is too far away to work its magic.
Exercise Add ing to the following words.
mat ____________ mate _____________ cop _____________ cope ____________
win ____________ wine _____________ sham _____________ shame ____________
shin ____________ shine _____________ spit _____________ spite ____________
cub ____________ cube _____________ strip _____________ stripe ____________
Circle every magic E and hidden
magic E you can find in this passage. Read the passage aloud.
The
diner was closing when I arrived late, so I decided to try the place next door.
It looked quite nice, so I asked for a plate of fried tripe. When it came I
tried biting it but ended up spitting it out. It was vile. Take this away! I
yelled. It is bitter.
I dont like griping but I am used to finer dining. I strode out refusing to pay. I am not planning to return.
36. Revision Test 4 Long Vowel Sounds
A t___ny fl____ fell bes___d__ me from h______ in the sk_____, and d_____d.
3. (a / ai / ay / a_e)
A d___ will come ag____n when I m____ be ___ble to esc___p__ from this j____l.
4. (o / oo / ou / oe / ew)
D____ y____ wear n____ bl_____ sh_____s t_____?
5. (ow / ou / ough)
I use a c____ to pl_______ the gr_____nd.
6. (e / ee / ea / y / ey)
Its ____s____ to s_____ w____ n____d a new k____ .
37. Suffixes
A suffix is an ending that is added to a word to make a new word.
Examples: trust + ing = trusting end + less = endless
popular + ity = popularity lion + ess = lioness
noise + y = noisy quick + ly = quickly
Exercise A It is important to know whether a suffix starts with a vowel or a consonant. Add the suffixes to the following words to make new words.
|
Vowel suffixes -er -or -en -ing -ity -ish -ion -ation -y |
|
Consonant suffixes -ful -less -ly -ment -ness |
pity pitiful pitiless hunt __________ ____________
beauty _________ fit __________ ____________
hope _________ ___________ take __________ ____________
use _________ ___________ rot __________ ____________
slow _________ ___________ child ___________
bright _________ ___________ style ___________
examine ___________ ___________ ____________
repute ___________
rain ___________
pollute ___________ ___________ ____________
debt ___________
How did words ending in Y change when a suffix was added?
How did some of the other words change when a vowel suffix was added?
Word + consonant suffix +vowel suffix
late lately latest
excite excitement exciting
extreme extremely extremity
What is the pattern?
Adding a consonant suffix does not change the word, but with a vowel suffix, the silent E is dropped.
Exercise B Add suffixes to the following to make new
words. Remember to drop the E when adding a vowel suffix.
(Note that Y is regarded as a vowel suffix, so laze + y = lazy)
hope + less = __________________ state + ment = __________________
reserve + ation = __________________ expense + ive = __________________
arrive + al = __________________ bore + ing = __________________
create + ion = __________________ waste + ful = __________________
space + ious = __________________ cube + ic = __________________
38. R-controlled Vowels
UR, ER, IR, OR, OUR, AR
These words
have two syllables, one of which has an r-controlled vowel sound.
B N T A Z O F P T NO V E D B B O R Y RR O L E U S A Q T ED R G R T N U T R CE T D P S R R R I NR E K P A E I Q D ON X O H V E J H X CY R G N I V R A T ST Z O H A R B O U RU C N E D R A G E P
Word
List
absurd border burden concern convert dirty garden harbour starving thirteen transport vortex Exercise B Write down a word from the word list that rhymes with each of the following words.
revert ______________ thirty ________________ barber ________________
third ______________ return ______________ pardon _______________
Yours truly,
Carl Firth
39. Spelling Test 3
Listen to the following words. Fill in the missing
letters. Listen carefully for the first sound and the end sound. It may help to
think of a word that rhymes.
1.
tops
__ __ l
2.
cl__
__ ing
3.
h
__ __ __ b __ __ nd
4.
end
__
5.
sh
__ wd __ __ n
6.
f
__ __ gal
7.
untr
__ __
8.
reb
__ __ t
9.
hither
__ __
10. n __ __ __ __ ty
11. __ __ __ c __ __ d
12. conv __ __ t
13. ch __ __ kb __ __ __ d
14. p __ __ rh __ __ se
15. sha __ __ __ __ __
16. win __ __ __ __
17. sni __ __ __ __
18. flip __ __ __ __
19. whi __ __ __ __ __
20. wi __ __ __ __
40. Homophones
Homo = same. Phone = sound. So homophones are words that sound the same.
Exercise A (Revision of one-syllable homophones.)
Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct words. Read the sentences aloud.
1. When I ________ the ________ , I feel it is the loveliest __________ I have ever __________ . (see/sea, seen/scene)
2. I must ________ you that a dress that short is not fit to be __________. (warn/worn)
3. I ________ the soldier _________ his _________ uniform to the _________ . (new/knew, war/ wore)
4. Sign this __________ of paper and we can live in __________. (peace/piece)
5. The clouds ___________ across the ___________ sky. (blue/blew)
6. The evil king was ___________ off the _____________. (throne/thrown)
7. Youre not being __________ if you dont pay your ___________. (fare/fair)
8. ____________ making __________ way _____________ now. (there/their/theyre)
9. __________ can I go to lose ___________? I cant ____________ to ____________ the little dress you gave me. (wear/where, wait, weight)
10. It took the workmen five hours to fill in the ___________ ____________. (hole/whole)
Exercise B Homophones with more than one syllable.
Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct words. Read the sentences aloud.
1. If we __________ a ladder we can climb up ____________. (higher/hire)
2. That ___________ may be poisonous; you should ____________ it in the ground. (berry/bury)
3. I ate my breakfast ____________ as I watched my favourite television _____________. (serial/cereal)
4. I must _______________ you on your dress; those colours really __________ each other. (complement/compliment)
5. I need ___________ to make bread and a ____________ for the vase. (flower/flour)
6. The car was _______________ because I was in the _____________ shop buying some paper. (stationary/stationery)
7. The _____________ told me he would let me go though in ____________ I should be punished. (principal/principle)
8. She has been in _____________ since the _____________ that her husband died. (morning/mourning)
9. I want to ____________ the plans for the design of the ____________. (altar/alter)
10. All the ________________ gave their soldiers to eat were the ___________ of some nuts. (colonels/kernels)
41. Word stress in English
Listen to these words and underline the stressed syllable in each:
college exciting unexceptional present present
photograph photographer photographic permit permit
Word stress is very important in spoken English. If you place the stress on the wrong syllable a native English speaker may find it difficult to understand you.
Think about the two words photograph and photographer. Imagine you are speaking to somebody over a very bad telephone line. You hear only the first two syllables of the word, photo... How do you know if the word is photograph or photographer? If you hear PHOto... you know the word is PHOto...graph. If you hear phoTO you know the word is phoTO...grapher.
Rules
of Word Stress in English
There are two very simple rules about word stress:
1. A word has only one stress. (But sometimes long words have a "secondary" stress.)
2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
There are other rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But there are many exceptions to these rules, so it is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.
China table export money permit
present produce machine water Raymond
Which word is the odd one out? ..
pretty happy slender obese tiny
crazy purple yellow anxious hungry
Which word is the odd one out? ..
Which one of these statements is the general rule?
a. Most two-syllable verbs and nouns have stress on the first syllable.
b. Most two-syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the first syllable.
c. Most two-syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the last syllable.
create destroy export permit produce
present believe reject settle complain
Which word is the odd one out? ..
Which one of these statements is the general rule?
a. Most two-syllable verbs have stress on the last syllable.
b. Most two-syllable nouns have stress on the last syllable.
c. Most two-syllable verbs have stress on the first syllable.
ENGlish comPUTer enterTAINment
LANguage reVISion expectAtion
SCIence exCITEment teleVISion
Exercise E Listen and mark the stresses in these words.
graphic geographic domestic plastic fantastic
terrific specific Pacific statistic electric
Which one of these statements is the general rule?
a. Words ending in ic have stress on the first syllable.
b. Words ending in ic have stress on the second syllable.
c. Words ending in ic have stress on the second last syllable.
Exercise F Listen and mark the stresses in these words.
creation destruction permission production
presentation rejection television decision
Which one of these statements is the general rule?
a. Words ending in sion and tion have stress on the first syllable.
b. Words ending in sion and tion have stress on the second syllable.
c. Words ending in sion and tion have stress on the second last syllable.
Exercise G Listen and mark the strongest stresses in these words.
democracy electricity electrical exceptional
university photography photographical philosophical
dependability biology biological fundamental
policy geography geographical grammatical
Which one of these statements is the general rule?
a. Words ending in cy, ty, phy, gy and al have stress on the last syllable.
b. Words ending in cy, ty, phy, gy and al have stress on the second last syllable.
c. Words ending in cy, ty, phy, gy and al have stress on the third last syllable.
42. Word stress and Grammar
Different kinds of words often have different stress patterns. If we dont hear the right stress we may not understand the correct grammar.
Listen and practice saying these words:
Verb inFORM exPORT creATE
Noun informAtion EXport creAtion
Exercise A Complete the columns below and underline the most strongly stressed syllable in each word.
Verb Noun Noun Adjective
record .. politics ..
present .. secretarial
. insult industry ..
frequent .. philosophical
. examination energy ..
oppose . . product ..
Exercise B Listen to the following words. Underline the most strongly stressed syllable in each word.
Practice reading them aloud.
decision commission technology technological
medical human humanity humanitarian
microscope microscopic translate translation
Exercise C Practise saying these sentences. Make sure you have the correct stress pattern in words with more than one syllable. It may help if you underline the stressed syllables first.
1. There is too much traffic on the road today.
2. There was a lot of preparation for our thirty-fifth anniversary.
3. The international community is taking an interest in developments in China.
Exercise D Try reading the following sentences correctly. Think about how verbs are stressed
differently from nouns and adjectives. It may help if you underline the stressed
syllables. Then listen to see if you got
them right.
1. If you are present I will present you with a present.
2. A farm can produce fresh produce.
3. I can not permit you to enter without a permit.
4. I must protest. You progress too slowly.
5. The progress of the protest marchers was slow.
6. I resent your recent insult!
7. The entrance to a mall fails to entrance me.
8. The insurance for the invalid was invalid.
9. I object to this ugly object.
10. We must subject the subject to a series of tests.
11. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
Which word is the odd one out?
Explain why.
1. farmer basket respect driving candle
2. define about release confuse raven
3. intended possible polluted refusal ambition
4. accepting motorist chemical elephant practical
5. definition impossible residential resolution photographic
6. silent rodent patent invent latent
7. canal petal medal fatal brutal
8. idle sandal wattle candle unreal
9. atone impose alone demote pollute
10. reside upside betide defied denied
11. athlete complete receipt defeat repeat
12. below freeload pre-owned profile re-zone
13. nightlife finite skylight wide-eyed picnic
14. confound allow exploit unbound renown 15. destroy reply annoy despoil uncoil 16. avoid undo review refute untrue 17. aboard daughter doorway coleslaw laughter 18. showing tower shower scowling power 19. inform defeat pretend product arrest 20. present protest permit rebel notice
44. Reading 3
Exercise A Read these poems.
A big black bug I can think of thin things,
Bit
a big black bear, Six thin things, can you?
And made the big black bear bleed blood. Yes,
I can think of six thin things,
And of six thick things too.
3. Larry O'Reilly
Larry OReilly loved Nellie OMalley 4. Ghosts
And
so, one fine day, they decided to marry. Amidst the mists and coldest
frosts,
Larry really loved Nellie. With
stoutest wrists and loudest boasts,
Nellie really loved Larry. He
thrusts his fist against the posts
Now theyre Larry and Nellie OReilly-OMalley. And still insists he sees the
ghosts.
5. Light Night 6.
A Little Lady
You've no need to light a night-light A little lady lives alone
On a light night like tonight, Close to a little lake.
For a night-light's light's a slight light, She plants blue flowers
And tonight's a night that's light. To be watered with showers
When
a night's light, like tonight's light, And clears leaves with her rake.
It is really not quite right
To light night-lights with their slight lights
On a light night like tonight.
7. Doctor
When
a doctor doctors a doctor,
Does the doctor doing the doctoring
Doctor as the doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or
Does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as he wants to doctor?
8. Sally Snake
Ms.
Sylvia Snake, tired of small Sally Snake's hissin' in the pit all day,
told Sally Snake to go to Ms. Pott's pit and hiss a while.
Ms. Pott told Sally Snake to "go back to her own pit and hiss."
"But Mom sent me over here to hiss in your pit!" replied Sally Snake.
Sally Snake went back to her own pit to hiss in.
"I told you to go to Ms. Pott's pit and hiss!" shouted Mom.
"Ms. Pott told me to come hiss in my own pit," replied Sally
Snake."
"Well!" scowled Sylvia Snake. "I remember when Ms. Pott didn't even have a pit to hiss in."
Exercise B Read these tricky sentences. Be careful!
1. The buck does funny things when the does are present.
2. A cat with nine lives lives next door.
3. There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.
4. I shed a tear when I saw the tear in my clothes.
5. They had to wind up the picnic because of the strong wind.
6. The bandage was wound around the wound.
7. They were too close to the door to close it.
8. The man with the bow and arrow must bow to the man with the gun.