Gentleman Out Hunting w His Dogs
Turner,
Frank Calcroft
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The Evolution of Man - The History of Hunting
by: Rebecca Blain
Perhaps one of the eldest
activities on the face of the planet is hunting. The history of hunting, as a
result, is also one of the most diverse. Hunting for food has always been something
that human kind has had to do, dating back to the beginning of any
civilizations known to man.
As a result of this, there have
been thousands of weapons and devices used to hunt. The history of hunting is far
more complicated than any other history in the world, as it stretches so far
into the past. In order to understand this history, you need to break down and
study each era where hunting has been a major part of life. While there are
exact time lines of when certain guns or weapons were produced, understanding
the importance of hunting should be done on a far broader scale. There is much
more to the history of hunting than when the gun was created.
The First Era, Pre-Civilization
In this time frame, from before
great cities to the first starts of basic civilization, the human race survived
on their skills of scavenging and hunting. In cultures similar to those of the
first era and pre-civilization, women had the roll of caring for the home and
preparing the food brought in by the men. Some portions of modern day Africa
have conditions similar to this, where they do not have a great deal of money,
and a similar style of hierarchy. The men all learned how to hunt, and they
held these hunts daily to feed themselves. Unlike today, all hunting was for
survival, and none of it for sport. All of the materials from the killed
animals was used, from the bones to the pelt. Hunting was also a method of
determining who was the bravest warrior. The bravest would hunt the ferocious
creatures that lived nearby their homes. These kills were a vital part of the
early hierarchies.
A wide variety of different weapons
were used during this era, from slings to spears crafted of wood and stone. For
large prey, the hunters would work together in packs, similar to how a wolf
hunts to bring down their quarry. The only trophies kept were antlers and
teeth. Occasionally the skulls would be kept as decoration or as symbols of the
clan or family group. This oldest form of hunting was the basis in which the
present was formed.
The Second Era, Growth of
Civilization
As people gathered together and
civilization really began, the role of men as hunters changed as well. Cities,
by their very nature, require a variety of people with a lot of skills. There
needed to be craftsmen and weavers, animal handlers and other trades so that
everyone could have access to everything they needed. Instead of the split
between men and women, hunting became the task of those most suited for
hunting. These were usually always men, as it was looked down upon for women to
participate in this line of work.
This was also the turning point
where hunting becoming a sport. Civilizations, such as the Babylonians, the
Egyptians, and the Romans all had their hunters and craftsmen. The Romans, took
hunting as a sport to a whole new level, capturing prey alive for sale or
gladiatorial competitions. Only certain individuals were hunters, allowing the
select men to feed those in their community.
The Third Era, The Middle Ages
Perhaps one of the most interesting
times in the history of hunting, is the middle ages. This is the period in time
where hunting for food was a vital part of life for many, though restricted.
Rules on hunting, such as no hunting in the King's Forest, was the first real
restrictions on hunting present in the world. Only the rich prospered, and the
surf classes hunted whatever they could, when they could for survival. Hunting,
from boar to deer to fox hunting, became primary sports for the nobility of the
time frame. This started the trend of organized hunts for sport.
Colonists to the New World required
as much hunting skills as possible, during this period of time, although they
progressed quickly from relying on scavenging and hunting to creating farms and
plantations. Popular weapons for use in hunting during this time period was
forms of archery, slings and throwing spears. The gun was also used, although
it had not quite yet reached full levels of popularity.
The Forth Era, The Industrial
Period
On the heels of the Middle Ages was
the Industrial period. This era stretched from beyond the 1700s until just
after the start of the 1900s. The evolution of machines brought about great
changes in hunting. Large farms became very popular, where livestock was raised
instead of the practice of hunting wild animals, downgrading hunting to only
become a past time. Guns, ranging from muskets to rifles, were being to be used
extensively. Archery was downgraded to sport use only, though it was very
popular for tests of skill.
Present Day
Through these stages of the history
of hunting, humans have perfected this activity, with a wide range of weapons.
Archers, for example, have many types of bows to choose from. Arrows are just
as plentiful as bows, from metal to wood, with many different types of tips.
Guns have evolved the same way, with many types of bullets and guns for
different types of hunting. Special guns and equipment designed for moose
hunting, for example, wouldn't be the same as deer hunting supplies.
Competitive hunting, such as fox
hunting, is still greatly enjoyed by many people who prefer a little more
action to their hunting. In the modern world, safety and skill are the
requirements for hunting, and it is open for anyone who is willing to learn
proper weapon handling and obtain all of the documents necessary to hunt.
Regulations on guns and hunting have been developed to prevent species from
going extinct. While hunting is still very popular, the modern day has a lot
more restrictions that in any other era in the history of hunting.
Each of these eras of the history of hunting have done a lot for the sport and trade, giving it a rich heritage that shouldn't be forgotten.
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