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Grammar: Prepositions

 

I.  Preposition of place ¡V at, in, on

        1. use At:

            a) When you are thinking of a place as a point in space.

    e.g. He waited at the bus stop.

       

                     b) With words such as ¡¥back¡¦, ¡¥bottom¡¦, ¡¥end¡¨, and ¡¥top¡¦ to talk

             about the different parts of a place.

                e.g. I saw a taxi at the end of the street.

                        He stood at the back of the room.

                        The car was parked at the corner of the street.

                        There is a coin at the bottom of the swimming pool.

                        He was waiting at the top of the stairs.

                        She wants to stay at home.

                        I have to be at the station by ten o¡¦clock.

                        I live at 9, Fort Street. ( a place as an address)

1.  Use ¡¥in¡¦

a)         When you are talking a place as an area. e.g. a country or a

geographical region.

e.g. It was cold when I was in Spain.

Many homes in the east of Scotland were torn down.

 

b)        A place as a city, town, or village.

e.g. I have been teaching at a college in London.

 

c)         A place as a building .

e.g. She was sitting in the restaurant.

 

d)        A place as a street (without the house number).

e.g. She got a job in Oxford Street.

                                I live at 191 Sai Wan Ho Street.

                                  (street with house number becomes an address)

       

2.   Use ¡¥on¡¦

a)        A place as a surface.

                I sat on the floor.

        I sat on the top of the table

II. Preposition of Time and Date

 

a)  Use ¡¥at¡¦   

i)  Exact time: e.g. At 10 o¡¦clock.

ii)    Meal time: e.g. At lunch time .

iii) Points of time: e.g. At night.

iv)   Festivals: e.g. At Christmas.

v)      Age: e.g. At the age of 14.

 

b)  Use ¡¥on¡¦

i)      Days of the week: e.g.  On Monday

ii)    Parts of the day: e.g.  On Monday morning.

iii) Dates: e.g. On June 1st., 1999

iv)   Anniversaries: On your birthday.

v)      Festivals: On New Year¡¦s Day.

 

c)  Use ¡¥in¡¨

i)  Parts of the day : e.g. in the evening.

ii)    Months: e.g. in August.

iii) Year: e.g. in year 1999.

iv)   Seasons: e.g. in Spring

v)      Centuries: e.g. in the 20th century

 

d)  Use ¡¥by¡¦     ( +  a time ) = not later than:

i)  I posted the letter today, so that they should receive it by

   Monday.

ii)       We have to be at home by 5 o¡¦clock.

iii)    He should be here by now.

 

e)  Use ¡¥by the time¡¦ ( something happens):

i)  By the time you receive my letter, I will probably be in

New York.

                         ii)  By the time we get to the shops, they will be shut.

f)    Use ¡¥until¡¦ or ¡¥till¡¦ (to say how long a situation continues):

i)  ¡§Let us wait until it stops raining.¡¦

ii)    I stayed in bed until half past ten this morning.

 

 

III.             Preposition of Position (1) use ¡¥in¡¦, ¡¥at¡¦ and ¡¥on¡¦:

 

at home          at university        at the seaside  in hospital  on a farm

   at work         at a station    at sea          in bed     on a voyage

   at school   at an airport

 

a)  Use ¡¥in¡¦ :

i)  in a room /building; in the water/sea;    in a row / line/queue

ii) in a garden/park

iii)    in a town/country

iv)      in an armchair (note: on a chair)

v)   in a photograph/ picture / mirror

 

b)  Use ¡¥at¡¦:

  i) Who is that man standing at the bus-stop/at the door/window?

ii) Turn left at the traffic lights.

iii)     Who is standing at the back/at the front?

iv)Their house is the white one at the end of the street.

v)   Write your name at the bottom/at the top of the page.

vi)  We say that someone is at an event .  For example:

¡¥at a party/ at a concert/ at a conference/ at a meeting/

 at a football match  etc.¡¦:

-         I saw him at the meeting.

 

c)  Used ¡¥on¡¦:

on the ceiling/ wall/ floor ;  on the page;  on the nose/ face;

on the left/ right ; on a river/ road;  on the coast

 

 i)  Don¡¦t sit on the floor!

ii)        There is a dirty mark on the wall.

iii)     The book you are looking for is on the top shelf.

iv)       There is a report of the football mach on page 7 of the newspaper.

v)We drive on the left.

vi)       He spent his holidays on a small island.

vii)    London is on the river Thames.

viii) Portsmouth is on the south coast of England.

ix)       He stopped at a village on the ways to London.

 

NOTE:  Sometimes, we can use either ¡¥in¡¦ or ¡¥at¡¦ with buildings.

                        e.g. You can stay in a hotel or at a hotel;

                                you can eat in a restaurant or at a restaurant. 

       

                However, ¡¥in¡¦ and ¡¥at¡¦ cannot be used interchangeably.

                For example, we say at someone¡¦s house:

-         I was at Tom¡¦s house last night.

We use ¡¥in¡¦ when we are thinking about the building itself:

-         The rooms in Tom¡¦s house are very small.

We use ¡¥in¡¦ with towns and villages:

-         His parents live in Nottingham. (not ¡¥at¡¦ Nottingham)

We use ¡¥at¡¦ when the town or village is a point on a journey:

-         Do you know if this train stops at Nottingham?

-          

                We usually say ¡¥at¡¦ when we say where an event takes place

                        e.g. We went to a concert at the Town Hall.