CE Biology-A Summary
Part 3-Maintenance Of Life (Cont')
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Note:
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Section
3.4
Transport in organisms
is the process of moving substances from one place to another within an
organism.
|
Blood |
||||
|
Cells
– formed in blood marrow (45%) |
Plasma
(55%) |
|||
|
White
blood cell #
Two main type 1.
Irregular,
have a lobed
nucleus and granules in cytoplasm 2.
Round,
have a large, round nucleus #
No special colour |
Red
blood cell -
Circular biconcave disc -
No nucleus -
Red in colour |
Platelet l
Irregular shape l
No nucleus l
Tiny pieces of broken cell l
No special colour |
Dissolved
substance (10%) |
Water
(90%) |
|
Erythrocyte
(red blood cell) |
|
T-lymphocyte
(white blood cell) |
|
Platelet
|
$WBC can change their shape
and squeeze through (amoeboid movement) the
capillary wall$
Functions
of blood
1.
Transport:
Oxygen is transported by red blood cells (oxyhaemoglobin),
carbon dioxide (hydrogen carbonate) and other dissolved substances
(salts, hormones, vitamins, glucose, amino acids, excretory products) and heat
are transported in plasma.
2.
Defence:
(I)
White blood cells
kill pathogens and digest dead cell (Type 1 by phagocytosis),
secrete antibodies to kill pathogen (Type 2).
(II)
Platelets
induce blood clotting at wounds to prevent further bleeding and entry of
microorganisms.
ABO blood groups
The compatibility
of different blood groups, A, B, AB and O, in blood transfusions
is important because agglutination
occurs when incompatible blood types are
mixed.
|
Recipient Donor |
A |
B |
AB |
O |
A |
○ |
● |
● |
○ |
|
B |
● |
○ |
● |
○ |
|
AB |
○ |
○ |
○ |
○ |
|
O |
● |
● |
● |
○ |
○
– No
agglutination
●
– Agglutination
occurs
People with blood group AB are universal recipients.
People with blood group O are universal donors.
Mammalian circulatory system consists of a heart and network of blood vessels
|
RV |
Right ventricle |
|
RA |
Right atrium |
|
LV |
Left ventricle |
|
LA |
Left atrium |
|
A |
Pulmonary artery |
|
B |
Pulmonary vein |
|
C |
Aorta |
|
D |
Hepatic artery |
|
E |
Intestinal artery |
|
F |
Renal artery |
|
G |
Renal vein |
|
H |
Hepatic portal vein |
|
I |
Hepatic vein |
|
J |
Inferior vena cava |
|
K |
Superior vena cava |
Vice Web Host:"Please visit this site for more pictures/graphs supplementing my notes here!"
Vice Web Host:"This is another Bio site for more pictures/graphs"
Vice Web Host:"This is a site for most subject links!"