Trumpets
The modern trumpet has three valves and a bore that is partly cylindrical,
partly conical. The standard orchestral trumpet, built in B-flat, has a range
of about three octaves extending upward from the F-sharp be extending upward
from the F-sharp below middle C(F3 sharp = 185 Hz). Models in D, C, and other
pitches also exist.
Music for all models is written as if they were C trumpets (written C sounds
B-flat for a B-flat trumpet). This allows players to switch instruments without
learning new fingerings.