Opening 1C 
1C  (p)   1S  (2D)
p   (p)   ?

?:  2H = NF
    3D = ask guard 
    3H = invite
Opening 1 any 
      1X   1Y
      4X, in case 4X is not a game, 
          4X = 4Y + 6X, non max
Opening 1m 
 
      1m    1M
      2M    ?
            3m/om/oM = help
            next step = bid next
      usually the principal of 1M - 2M
 
      1m   2m
      ?
      Guard orientated, start guard showing from low rank suit


     1X  (x)  1Y  (p)
     1Z  (p)  ?
              XYZ still on
Opening 1NT 
     1N    2C 
     2M    ?
           3oM = fit M, have singleton / void, next step to ask.
           4D = fit M, about 16-17 HCP, no singleton/void, invite to slam
Opening 2C 
      2C  (p)   2D   (2s)
      p(*)(p)   ?
Forcing pass is set up in (*), so in the ? position, x is penalty 

2C  2D
2M  3C = second -ve

2C  2D
3C  3D = second -ve

2C  2D
3D  = no second -ve possible
4th suit forcing 
After opp double for lead, xx ask half guard.
Take out double 
     1m   x    1M   ?
     1NT = m guard, M might not guard
     2m = strong hand.
     2 other = compete
     2M = Nat
     x = responsive, length in unbid suit



unusual vs unusual

vs 2 unknown suit.
x = at least one suit penalty

vs 1 known suit
x= pen in known suit
pass then x = bal like hand.