Introduction of Yi Chuan by H.K. Tu
意拳簡介 涂行健師傅

 
Mr. Wang Sheung Tsai 
Shing Yi Tu Cheng Chuan, or simply call Yi Chuan, was developed by Mr. Wang Sheung Tsai during the late 30's to early 40's.  Mr. Wang was a relative and last student of the Shin Yi Chuan grand master Kwok Yuen Sheng.  Since he was 14 (1899), he learnt from Mr. Kwok and took care of Mr. Kwok's final years while retired to his native county Sheng County, Hebei Province.  Because of all this special encounter, Mr. Wang has the chance to inherit the secret school of Tzang Chong, or standing post ( stand like  a post ) from Mr. Kwok.  For four years, he learnt under Mr. Kwok's strict guidance until Mr. Kwok died.

Afterwards, Mr. Wang visited and studied the various schools of Kung Fu, including the famous Shao Ling Temple (as early as the beginning of the Tung Dynasty, 7 - 9 A.D.,  Shao Ling monks were famous for their martial arts, which contributed to the built of the Tung Empire.);  Tai Chi Chuan, Pa Kwa Palm, Hawk (Crane) Chuan of Fukin Province, Mei Fa ( Plum blossom) Chuan etc.

After several years in searching for the essence of Chinese Kung Fu, Taoism, Chinese Medical theories, he returned to Beijing, based on the Shing Yi Chuan and standing Post, added the essence of other Kung Fu, which he considered that can accommodate to his Shing Yi doctrine, he created the Yi Chuan.
 

The practice of Yi Chuan can be summarized as follows:

Through the postures of Standing Post, and guidance of thinking, this gives a stand still physical posture but vivid internal movements.  Both the muscles and internal organs endure a smooth and high frequency exercise.  This kind of mind and muscle drilling can provide both the strength and speed for Kung Fu purpose. And the exercise of Chi and Blood of the internal organs, can contribute to a long and lasting good health.  As far as I know, none of those that practice the Yi Chuan persistently has fallen to the victim of cancer, heart-blood system disease, and arthritis.  Besides Kung Fu fighting, Yi Chuan is very effective in keeping a good health.

The following is a simple illustration of the content of practicing Yi Chuan:
 
1.  Ping Chong 
means basic Standing Post.  This Chongs stand in a balance and equilibrium postures.  These postures are easy to feel and build the strength, easy to reach tranquility, and Chi is easy to sink to Dan Tien (the reservoir and generator of Chi).  These postures can also renovate those idle muscles, nerves, blood and Chi system.  (Blood and Chi are somewhat like the fuel and air for a car engine, but not exactly, Chi has its own system and is an initiative driving force inside the human body.)
2. Big Step Chong
The second Chong method is the Big Step Chong, or unbalance Chong.  Practicing this chongs need more strength and endurance, so it is more effective in building strength.  Since the unbalance situation is big, you need bigger strength to hold on the balance,  the constant minute adjustment of post, also build up a fast reaction for Kung Fu fighting.
3. Mixed Chong
Mixed Chong, or Fighting Chong. The posture of this Chong is very similar to the boxing posture, it is designed for immediate fighting use.  The gap between the step is narrower, stands more straight, physically more ease, but the psychological tension requirement is higher, exerts more Yi, or keep more alert both internally and externally.  Usually we call it  "relaxing the posture, but tightening the mind", is applied in practicing this Mixed Chong.  This Fighting Chong is the last stage in practicing static fighting techniques.
4. Walking Step
After practicing the basic Chong for a certain period, we start the Walking Step.  The purpose of this, is try to maneuver and control the balance of the body during moving.  Renovate and strengthening those muscles and nerves and other related functions unused during daily life, but required to generate strength, speed and reaction in Kung Fu fighting.  Besides, it also trains to balance the body during an unbalance stage, as during a fight.  It is easy to lose the balance of the body, but if you can minimize the lost of time and  movement of unbalance, then you can expedite your reaction and generate bigger strength.  This is a basic requirement for Kung Fu fighting.
5. Test of Strength
Among Chinese Kung Fu, only Yi Chuan has this kind of drilling.  By making use of thinking, under a false pretense of situation, use certain movements to drill the consolidated strength and reaction you acquired from Chong and Walking Step.  Through this kind of test, you mixed up the results of all the hard work on chong and walking step, just like assemble pieces of parts into an engine and test run the result.  The purpose is to build a habit for instant mustering of power for Kung Fu fighting.
6. Striking Training
By using action of mind and body, train to strike with the power of the release of a compressed air.  We call this kind of strength as explosive like strength.  It is also a main purpose of Yi Chuan to train the body reaction like a balloon of compressed air, whichever part get punched, the strength exploded out automatically.
7. Kung Fu fighting methods of Yi Chuan
There are twelve Yi Kung Fu training methods for fighting, this is the application of Yi Kung Fu we practiced before.  there are five main requirements for all Chinese Kung Fu fighting, they are body, hand, eye, steps and techniques.  And these twelve Yi Kung Fu methods put together Chi, mind and the five factors into solidarity.  Mr. Wang developed these 12 methods from the essence of Kung Fu which he considered that were the most selective and effective among Chinese Kung Fu.  Through these 12 methods, you can acquire a smooth and overall strength, rather than just application of fighting techniques.
8. The Last Stage
The last stage of Yi Chuan, enters the Taoism, it is a stage of have and have-not, do and no-do in mind situation, enters tranquility and peace, and merge oneself with the nature.  The posture is also simple, return to the basic Chong.  If you can enter this stage, you can practice Yi Chuan in any circumstance, like sit, walk, stand and even sleep.  For all Chinese Kung Fu, the ultimate goal is to enter the mood of Tao, we call it the union of Man and Heaven, body, spirit and nature, just merge into one undistingishable stage.
Development
Since 1949 in mainland China, not only Yi Chuan, but all kinds of Kung Fu were considered as anti Marxism, so all were forbidden to practice. But if it was practiced for the purpose of keeping good health, it was still permitted to teach only under the control of authority.  Starting the early 50's, because of this trend, Mr. Wang changed the name and direction to emphasize the medical effect of practicing Yi Chuan.  This kind of practice and theories were inherited and developed by Mr. Wang's second daughter Madame Wang Yui Fang; and his student, Dentist Yu Yong Nien.  This kind of Chong is called Yang Sang Chong , in English it means "Health Keeping Chong".   The postures of such Chongs are mainly the same as the basic Chong, only the thinking guidance is different from the Kung Fu Chong, and the postures are more relaxing.  The medical Chong's thinking guidance were developed from the Chinese medical theory and Taoist self-cultivation.  This includes the connection with the nature, balance the Ying Yang, search and breath the right Chi chi channel, consolidate the mentality, unify the physical reaction etc.   Actually, this kind of training goes directly into the lower stage of Taoism.  This lower stage aims for building a healthy body health, and peace of mind which is considered as the foundation of cultivating Tao.

Chong is the main course of Yi Chuan, a few square foot is adequate for practice, so it is especially suitable for city dweller.  In China, after these many yeas application and experiments on patients of various kind of diseases, it has been proved that practicing Chong has good effects on many chronic diseases,  such as:
 

tracheitic (氣管炎 ) , asthma (哮喘 ), dyspeptic (消化不良 ), gastric disease (胃病 )., hepatitis  (肝炎 ), high blood pressure, neurasthenia (神經衰弱 ), rheumatism (風濕 ), diabetics (糖尿病 ), and diseases afflicted by bad health and lingering disease, such as insomniac (失眠 ), poor appetite, muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎縮 ) etc.

My Experience
Since 1966, I started to learn Yi Chuan from Mr. Wang's prominent student Mr. Han Sing Yuen, and practice under his instruction until 1980, and consistently practice until now.  Form 1985 to 1995, I worked in Beijing, the place of origin of Yi Chuan, so I have chance to meet and learn from Mr. Wang's other students, such as Mr. Chao Dao Sing ( live in Tienjin, an early student of Mr. Wang and Mr. Chang Sao Tung, Mr. Chao was famous for his fighting ability.) ,  Madame Wang Yui Fang, Dentist Yu Yong Nien, Artist Lee Jian Yu, Chinese medical doctor Chang Chee Hang and others.  And since I travel around Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan frequently, I have chance to meet Mr. Wang's students live in these areas, to discuss this kind of Kung Fu from different point of view, and learnt about their different achievements from each individual.  And since I stay in each place for a rather long period, I met these persons not just in an interview style, but quite acquainted and associated with them, I have enough time to observe and understand their achievements.  All these experiences give me an overall knowledge of Yi Chuan, this is not being prejudiced by a single school or point of view.  Without going into the profound and mysterious theories of Yi Chuan, just taking it plainly and directly, Yi Chuan is a very practical and effective Kung Fu for both good health and martial arts.  I shall discuss more detail about the development, theories and actual methods of practice in the following chapters.