Parkinson disease: a disorder of middle-aged and elderly people characterized
by tremor, rigidity and a poverty of spontaneous movements. The first
and most prominent symptom is tremor, which often affects one hand,
spreading first to the leg on the same side and then to the other limbs,
interfering with such actions as holding a cup. The patient has an expressionless
face, an unmodulated voice, and an increasing tendency to stoop(a shuffling
run is needed to maintain balance).Parkinsonism is a disease affecting
the basal ganglia of the brain for which in many cases no cause can
be found. Relief of the symptoms may be obtained with acupuncture and
herbal.
1. Observing Diseases by Taking the Human Body as a Whole
Taking the human body as a whole in observing diseases has two implications.
On the one hand, the human body should be taken as an organic whole
while special attention is paid to the interrelation and interaction
between local pathological changes of the whole body, in turn, may be
reflected in a certain part. While exernal diseases may penetrate into
the interior, deseases of the viscera may have external manifestations.
For example, dryness of the eyes is usually due to deficiency of the
liver-yin, or due to deficiency of the liver-blood. Conjunctival congestion
indicates heat in the liver channel, or excessive heat in the ling.
So it is difficult to make a correct diagnoses merely by observing local
symptoms without regarding the whole body as whole. On the other hand,
the interrelation between the patient and his surroundings is also worth
noticing. Human beings are always affected by such natural conditions
as weather and others. When there are abnormal changes in th enatural
environment, or when the human body fails to adapt itself to such changes,
pathological changes will certainly occur in the body. Therefore, an
accurate diagnosis requires boservation of the natural conditions related
with a patient as a basis for the differentiation of syndromes of a
disease.
2. Comprehensive Analysis of the Data Gained by All the Diagnostic
Methods
In the clinical examination, interrogation, inspection, auscultation
and olfaction, plapation and pulse-feeling should be adopted simultaneously
in order to arrive at a reliable diagnosis, since each of these methods
plays its special part in ascertaining the clinical status and gathering
clinical data. For instance, the history of the present illness, self-feeling
symptoms and the personal and family history of a patient can be acquired
by interrogation; the partial or whole -hodily changes in the patient's
vitality, complexion, physical condition and behaviour, by inspection;
changes in the patient's voices and odors, by listening and smelling;
reflections of a disease in the conditions of the pulse, by feeling
it. Furthermore, false manifestations of a disease can also be found
in some cases. In that circumstance, an integration of all these methods
becomes more important.
3. Combining Diagnosis of Diseases whith Differentiation of Syndromes
This requires making diagnosis of the names of both a disease and a
syndrome. The name of a disease suggests the entire course of pathological
changes, whereas the name of a syndrome generalizes the pathology of
a disease in its certain stage. For this reason, the whole course of
pathological changes and the law of the progress of a disease can not
be grasped if only the syndrome, but not the disease itself is differentiated.
On the contrary, if we merely make diagnosis of the disease, but not
the syndrome, we can not undertake our treatment. This is because our
treatment is based on the differentiations of syndromes. Generally speaking,
diagnosis of a disease name usually precedes the differentiation and
diagnosis of the syndromes. For example, if a patient shows such symptoms
as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and emaciation, he may be suffering
from xiaoke (including diabetes and others); then we may determine,
accorking to the degree of seriousness of these symptoms as well as
the changes in the tongue and the pulse, whether it is the syndrome
of fluid impairment due to lung-heat, or the syndrome of excessive stomach-heat,
or the syndrome of deficiency of the kidney-yin, or the syndrome of
deficiency of both yin and yang. Once a clear differentiation is made,
the treatment can be given according to the syndrome that has been determined.
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