Circle---- C=pi d or 2pi r
Note: The Perimeter of a circle is most commonly known as the circumference.
AREA
Rectangle---- A=lw
Square---- A= s²
Triangle----A= ½ (bh)
Trapezoid----
Circle----A= Pi r²
SURFACE AREA
Rectangular Prism----Sa= 2 lw+2 lh+2 wh
Cylinder----Sa= 2 pi r ² + 2 pi r h
VOLUME
Rectangular Prism----
Cube----
Cylinder----
Irregular prism----
Cone----
Pyramid----
Glossary
Definitions! Many of us would be lost without them!
Absolute Value- The distance of a number from zero (positive value).
Acute Angle-A postive angle less then 90°
Acute Triangle- A triangle in which all angles are less than 90°
Angle-The union of two rays that have acoomon endpoint(startpoint)
Area- The general term of mearsurment of the amount of surface area that is occupied or covered by a two dimensional figure
Arc- A curved line that is part of the circumference
Associative Property of Addition- (a + b)+ c = a +(b + c)
Associative Property of Multiplication- (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
Average- The sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers, also known as the mean
Axis of symmetry- a line that passes through a figure in such a way that one side of the line is a mirror reflection or image of the part of the figure on the other side of the line.
Bar Graph- A diagram showing a system of connections or interrelations between two or more things by using bars
Bimodal- Having two modes
Biconditional Statement- A compound statement that says one sentence is true if and only if the other sentence is true.
Bisect- To cut or divide something in half
Cartesian Coordinates- A system whereby points on a plane are identified by an ordered pair of numbers,
representing the distances to two or three perpendicular axes. The standard "x-y" coordinate system is a Cartesian Coordinate System ... with points in the plane having cartesian coordinates (x, y).
Center- the point that is the same distance from all the points on a circle. The point that is the same distance from
all the points on a sphere. The point inside an ellipse where the major and the minor axes intersect. The center of a
circle that can be inscribed in a regular polygon.
Central Angle- An angle that has its vertex at the center of a circle.
Circle- A circle is the locus of all points equidistant from a central point.
Circumference- The distance around a closed curve (circle). The circumference of a circle is 2 pi r where r is the radius of
the circle
Communative Property- a + b= b + a and a x b = b x a
Complementary Angles- Two angles are complementary if their sum is 90 degrees.
Complex Fraction- A fraction that contains a fraction in its numerator and/or denominator.
Component- The components in the vector (a, b, c) are a, b, and c.
Composite Number- A natural number that is not prime
Conditional Probability- Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event also occurs. It is expressed as P(A/B). It reads "Probability of Event A on condition of Event B." P(A/B) = P(A and B)/P(B), where P(B) is the probability of event B and P(A and B) is the joint probability of A and B.
Cone- The union of all line segments that connect a point and a closed curve in a different plane from the point.
Congruent- Shapes or angles are congruent if you could put one on top of the other, and they would look like just
one shape. Equal.
Constant- A value that does not change, also called the variable
Convex- A set of points such that for any two points in the set, the line segment that connects them is also in the set.
Coordinate Plane- A plane with a point selected as an origin, some length selected as a unit of distance, and two perpendicular lines that intersect at the origin, with positive and negative direction selected on each line. Traditionally, the lines are called x (drawn from left to right, with positive direction to the right of the origin) and y (drawn from bottom to top, with positive direction upward of the origin). Coordinates of a point are determined by the distance of this point from the lines, and the signs of the coordinates are determined by whether the point is in the positive or in the negative direction from the origin.
Coordinates- A set of numbers that identifies the location of a point.
Cube- A solid figure with six square faces
Cubic- A polynomial of degree 3
Cylinder- The union of all line segments that connect corresponding points on congruent circles in parallel planes
Deduction- A conclusion arrived at by reasoning
Degree- 1/360 of a full rotation. There are 360 degrees in a circle. Unit of measure of an angle
Denominator- The bottom part of a fraction.
Diagonal- The line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices in a polygon.
Diameter- The line segment joining two points on a circle and passing through the center.
Difference- The result of subtracting two numbers.
Digit- The ten symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are digits. Example: the number 365 has three digits: 3, 6, and 5.
Discontinuous graph- A line in a graph that is interrupted, or has breaks in it forms a discontinuous graph
Distributive Property- a(b + c) = Ab + Ac
Divedend- In a / b = c, a is the dividend.
Division- The opposite operation of multiplication
Divisor- In a / b = c, b is the divisor.
Element- A member of a set.
Equilateral Triangle- A triangle that has three equal sides.
Equivalent Equations- Two equations whose solutions are the same. For example: x + 3y = 10, and 2x + 6y = 20.
Even Number- A natural number that is divisible by 2.
Event- in probability, a set of outcomes.
Expected Value- The amount that is predicted to be gained, using the calculation for average expected payoff
Exponet- A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication
Extremum- A point where a function reaches a maximum or a minimum
Factor- One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together.
Factorial- The product of all the integers from 1 up to the integer in question. The (!) exclaimation point is used to mean factorial.
Fractal- Term coined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975, referring to objects built using recursion, where some aspect of the limiting object is infinite and another is finite, and where at any iteration, some piece of the object is a scaled down version of the previous iteration.
Fraction- A rational number of the form a/b where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator.
Frequency- The number of items occurring in a given category.
Function- A function f of a variable x is a rule that assigns to each number x in the function's domain a single number f(x). The word "single" in this definition is very important.
Geometric Sequence- A sequence of numbers of the form a, ar, ar2, ar3,....., arn-1.
Graph- The graph of an equation is the set of points that make the equation true.
Greatest Common Factor-
The greatest common factor of two numbers, a and b, is the largest number that divides both a and b evenly.
Half Plane- The set of all points in a plane that lie on one side of a line in the plane.
Harmonic Sequence- A sequence is a harmonic sequence if the reciprocals of the numbers in the sequence form an arithmetic sequence.
Hypotenuse- The longest side of a right triangle. The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle
Hypothesis- A proposition that is being investigated, it has yet to be proven.
Identity- An equation that is true for all values of the variable.
Improper Fraction-
A fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator.
Inscribed Polygon- A polygon placed inside a circle so that each vertex of the polygon touches the circle
Isosceles Triangle-
A triangle that has at least two congruent sides
Integers- The set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and all the negatives of the natural numbers.
Irrational Number- A number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.
Least Common Denomionator- The least common denominator of two fractions.
Least Common Multiple- The least common multiple of two numbers
Line- A straight set of points that extends off into infinity in both directions.
Line Segment- Two points on a line, and all the points between those two points.
Mean- Average
Median- The number in a group of numbers such that there are an equal number of numbers in the set greater than the number as are less than the number.
Mixed Number- Numbers that have both whole numbers and decimals, such as 4.56.
Mode- The number that occurs most frequently in a set of data.
Multiplication- The operation of repeated addition.
Natural Numbers- The counting Numbers
Negative Number- Number less than zero
Number Line- A line on which every point represents a number
Numeral- A symbol that stands for a number
Numerator- The top part of a fraction
Obtuse Angle- An angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees
Obtuse Triangle- A triangle with an obtuse angle
Odd Number- A whole number that is not divisible by 2.
Ordered Pair- A set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed upon meaning. Such as the cartesian coordinates (x, y), where it is agreed that the first coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate represents the vertical position
Parallel- Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect.
Parallelogram- A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel
Percent- A fraction in which the denominator is assumed to be 100.
Perfect number- A number that is the sum of all its factors except itself. For example, 6
Perimeter- The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
Perpendicular- two lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 90 degees.
Pi- The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
polygon- The union of several line segments that are joined together so as to completely enclose an area.
Positive number- A real number greater than zero.
Power- A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication
Prime Number- A number whose only factors are itself and 1
Probability- The measure of how likely it is for an event to occur. The probability of an event is always a number between zero and 100%. The meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability. However, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability
Product- The result of two numbers being multiplied.
Proper Fraction- A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator.
Proportion- An equation of fractions in the form: a/b = c/d
Pyramid- The union of all line segments that connect a given point and the points that lie on a given polygon.
Pythagorean Theorum- The theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle: a² + b² = c²
Quadrant- One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system
Quadrilateral- A polygon with 4 sides.
Quotient- The answer to a division problem.
Radius- The distance from the center to a point on a circle. The line segment from the center to a point on a circle.
Range- The range of a set of numbers is the largest value in the set minus the smallest value in the set. Note that the range is a single number, not many numbers
Ratio- The ratio of two real numbers, a and b, is a/b.
Reciprical- The reciprocal of a number, a, is 1/a, (a cannot be zero).
Reflection- Mirror image.
Regular Polygon- A polygon in which all the angles are equal and all of the sides are equal.
Repeating Decimal- A decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern
Remainders- After dividing one number by another, if any amount is left that does not divide evenly, that amount is called the remainder. For example, when 8 is divided by 3, three goes in to eight twice (making 6), and the remainder is 2. When dividing 9 by 3, there is no remainder, because 3 goes in to 9 exactly 3 times, with nothing left over.
Rhombus- A quadrilateral with four equal sides.
Right Angle- An angle whose measure is 90 degrees.
Right Triangle- A triangle that contains a right angle.
Scalene Triangle- a triangle with three unequal sides
Square- a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles.
Square Root- Of a number, x, is the number that, when multiplied by itself gives the number, x
Sum- The result of adding.
Supplementary- Two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180 degrees
Surface Area- A measure of the number of square units needed to cover the outside of a figure
Symmetric- Two points are symmetric with respect to a third point if the segments joining them to the third point are equal. Two points are symmetric with respect to a line if the line is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining the points.
Tesselation- A tessellation is a repeated geometric design that covers a plane without gaps or overlaps.
Translation- A shift of the axes of the Cartesian Coordinate System.
Trapezoid- A quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel.
Variable- A symbol used to represent a value
Vertex- The point on an angle where the two sides intersect.