With the erosion caused by the Glaciación of Winsconsin, the valleys of the regions southern of Chile they were submerged under the ocean, this took to that Shovel them - Indians of the region they were modifying gradually in a process of adaptability constant, this resulted in direct in that these has a separation in two branches, the hunters continental patagónicos and the towns fishermen and insular recolectores.

They were conformed in particular by three towns, the Chonos, the Alacalufes and those Yamanes. For the case, the kawesqar and yamanas they had many common characteristics, being both towns Canoeists.

Geographical Localization

The Alacalufes or Kawesqar were located among the peninsula of Taitao until the strait of

Magellan. The Yamanes or Yamanas traveled the Islands to the south of the Strait of Magellan, mainly those located in the region of Navarrino and south of Tierra del Fuego .

Social Composition

These towns were conformed by bands pescadoras - recolectoras, formed for few individuals–the 20 members never surpassed - this would correspond to families nuclear. These families were directed by a boss that was usually the father that was the supplier of the foods, their authority apparently was absolute inside the family, these bands were nómades, the narrow channels traveled in search of their foods, what generated that stays dispersed, not constituting tribes, alone they carried out sporadic alliances among bands, for the hunt of some whale or for the religious rites or matrimonial wedlock, due to the impediment of being hunted among near relatives.

He was practiced the infanticide like the population's measure reguladora, the victims normal they were the girls for their quality to be not very profitable for the family. While he

woman was pregnant, the husband should remain with her, for they received it the help of the family for the sustenance.

*Economy

The towns Canoeists lived mainly off the fishing and the hunt of aquatic animals, for they developed it a series of technical and instruments, as fishhooks and harpoons, that they allowed them to obtain good results, the women dove for they are able to hunt shellfish from the depths of the sea. Their boats were manufactured of barks of hoist, mainly of Oak, these they were caulked with grasses and fatty of wolves marines, these precarious crafts, not alone they were good for the fishing, but they were also room, since the families lived in them –guardaban the fishing utensils, those skins, besides maintaining the fire fastened in them - alone for special cases they built small rucas in earth.

Religion.

The religion of these towns era of character totémico - chamanistica, they used to adore certain manifestations of the nature, besides the spirits of the ancestors, those illnesses were of origin on natural, where the bad spirits played a paper important. The bands met in certain religious occasions, as the celebration of the initiation rites, - these they consisted on the statement of the sex and the arrival of the puberty, the men used to put on makeup the bodies, to drive away the women -. To part of these rituals, each one of these towns had their own cosmogonic visions, the one more special case in this sense, is that of the Yamanas, those which inside its beliefs they exist the idea of an universal flood. The funeral ones were simple, the Alacalufes, they placed the bodies inside their boats and then these they were sealed and heady to the sea, with a banner that warned to the other ones that they should escape for the bad spirits, if the death was in earth the cadaver it was buried and it was placed on its ruca a banner with equal sense. The Yamanes deposited their cadavers in the water or they buried them in earth, both towns deposited their weapons and utensils inside the sepulchres.