From: Tuerdi Huji <Tuerdi_Huji.PRILVMS3@msmail.bms.com>
Subject: <Uighur-L> Translated document
To: Uighur-l <Uighur-l@taklamakan.org>
Reply-To: uighur-l@taklamakan.org

    The article I sent out last night was an internal (Neibu ziliao) material, which means it is only for the  inside circle of Chinese Communists. It was published in 1994 as a chapter of a book. We translated the article collectively.  I double checked the final copy word by word to make sure its accuracy. In my judgment, it was translated in its integrity even there might be some grammatical mistakes. I like to hear comments from the readers who has the original Chinese version.
   Turdi

From: TudiH@aol.com
Message-Id: <ae33ae1f.34d936c2@aol.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 22:49:17 EST
To: Uighur-l@taklamakan.org
Subject:  TRANSLATED DOCUMENT - PART A
 

 Dear Friends,

  Tomorrow is the first anniversary of the Ghulja uprising.  I dedicate the following article which we translated from Chinese by a collective effort to the memory of those brave sons and daughters of Uighur who  bravely  standed up against that satanic regime and laid down their young lives for the sake of truth and justice.  It does not seem to be an appropriate way to remember them with the words of the Chinese Communists, but this article which was written by a government sponsored research group contains large amounts of information about the heroes who fell down before them.  This article will help you  to understand what has been really going on behind that Iron curtain which  kept us isolated from the world for half a century. It is a fairly long article, I'll post it in separate portions.  I take this opportunity to thank those of you who have contributed to the translation effort.
 

Turdi
 

THE ANTI-SEPARATISM STRUGGLE AND ITS HISTORICAL LESSONS
SINCE THE LIBERATION OF XINJIANG
 
    Zhang Yumo

   To safeguard ethnic unity and national unity is one of the important  starting points by which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) carries out  its various tasks.  It is the common wish and  desire of every nationalities in Xinjiang.  In the Manifesto of the  CCP's Second National Conference held in 1922, the peoples of every  nationalities were called to stand up and overthrow the imperialists  and warlords, implement national equality and realize Chinese people's  complete independence.  In 1930's, some CCP members,  through their fruitful work, vigorously conducted propaganda on the  CCP's national policies, including those on  ethnic equality, ethnic unity and national unity.  They played very important roles in  extending the influence of CCP and accelerating the speed of democratic  revolution in Xinjiang.
   On Nov. 12, 1939, Tan-chiu Chen said in his  letter to CCP members working in Xinjiang's districts and counties that  the duty and policy of our work in Xinjiang I drop to the bloody  hands of imperialists".
   At that time, CCP member Jian Hu formed a  Border Guard Division in Boli County (present Tashkorghan) following an  order. He carried out education among various nationality  peoples to oppose imperialists and safeguard our country's borderland  ,  and strengthened border patrol relying on various  nationalities.  He uncovered a British spy network and put down an armed revolt stirred up by British spies, contribing to the consolidation  of our country's borderland.  Right before the establishment of our  country, CCP central government paid very close attention to  the situations in Xinjiang, and warned us to be careful about and avoid  imperialists' split conspiracy.  On Sep. 7, 1949, En-lai Zhou pointed  out in his report "Several Problems About the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" that our party will implement an ethnic region  autonomy as the main policy in solving domestic ethnic problems; will  unite various nationality peoples into a big family.  He also pointed ou t that "We must prevent imperialists from destroying our  national unity by using our ethnic problems, such as the conspiracy of  British imperialists towards Tibet and Xinjiang and that of American imperialists towards Taiwan and Hai-nan Island. The report also said that "It is beyond doubt that every people has the right to self-determination.  But now imperialists want to break away our Tibet,  Taiwan and even Xinjiang.  Under such a circumstance, we hope the  different nationality peoples do not fall into the traps of imperialists .  To this end, we call our country the People's Republic of China, instead of Federation of China."  This problem was pointed out on time and with certain intention.  In June 1949, when Chinese PLA  was bravely proceeding into the whole China and winning victories one  after another,  the CCP Central Committee obtained a piece of information:
   In order to maintain its forces, the United States tried to plan a  conspiracy to let  the "Five Ma" (inc)luding Bu-fang Ma and Hong-da Ma,  retreat to Xinjiang, join the Xinjiang counter-revolutionary forces ,  establish an Islamic Republic, and declare their separation from China.  Under such a circumstance, Chairman Mao and CCP Central Committee  immediately came up with a policy of peaceful liberation of Xinjiang,  made comprehensive arrangement in all aspects, leading to the  realization of this policy and the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang.  At  the same time, Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee (PCC) used a strategy to let the PLA enter Xinjiang before the planned time.  The earlier arrival of PLA to Xinjiang destroyed the imperialists' conspiracy of  splitting Xinjiang, and opened a new chapter in Xinjiang's history.  It  can be regarded as the first battle against ethnic separatism  and the first victory led by our party after the peaceful liberation of  Xinjiang.
   The struggles surrounding strengthening  ethnic unity versus sabotaging ethnic unity, and maintaining motherland unity versus splitting motherland have never stopped in Xinjiang in the past 40 years.  Especially in recent several years, due to the changes in domestic and  international large and small atmospheres, the internal and external  separatists established certain collaboration, and strengthened their  conspiracy activities aimed at separating out Xinjiang from China, and become an important threat to the stability of Xinjiang. This situation  has been proved by many evidences; this kind of view has become the common belief for PCC leaders, XUAR Party Committee and the masses of every nationalities. This provided us with an opportunity and condition to conduct a study about our struggles on maintaining ethnic unity, maintaining motherland unity and opposing ethnic separatism, to summarize our historical lessons, and to examine our counter-measures.
 
1.  The Characteristic of The Ethnic Separatism Activities Since The Liberation of Xinjiang

   Since the liberation of Xinjiang, the separatism activities of a small number of separatists who are, backed by  foreign hostile forces,  bent on sabotaging the ethnic unity and  motherland=92s integrity have never stopped. Analyzing the Xinjiang ethnic separatism and its characteristics through  the major ethnic separatism events since the liberation of Xinjiang will help us to summarize the historical lessons of the anti-separatism battle.
(1) The Hotan counter revolutionary riot led by Abdimit on December 31 , 1954 was  a premeditated act of the Pan-Turkist Imin group who were passing through southern Xinjiang on their way of escape to abroad in the eve of liberation of Xinjiang.  Its purpose was to  overthrow the power of Chinese Communist party to establish an "Islamic Republic".  Through long time preparation, the rioters drafted the "The Guiding line of  Islamic Re public", printed posters and pamphlets, selected an administrational body comprised  11 members such as the government committee president Abdimit,  the vice president, the military minister and the foreign minister.  On December  31, 1954, Abdimit gathered more than 300 deceived public from Karakash, Hotan and Lop counties, and attacked the labor reforming camp of Karakash county, killing  on spot one of our commanders, one sergeant and 7 soldiers , looting some weapons and a car, and then he attempted to attack the Hotan county  down town.  At the same time, the rioters sent people to Niye, Kaghilik and Yaken counties and Kashgar city to stir up bigger riots.  Worth a mention is the fact that during the mere 1.5 years elapsed  between this incident and the Lop counter revolutionary riot of May 4,1956,  eight counts of counter -revolutionary riots of same nature broke out  in Hotan area. Five of them were exposed and stopped before it started.  In addition, plots for riot s were uncovered in several places such as Yengisar county, Maralveshi county,  Turpan and Ghulja. Throughout all those riots, the same slogans were used:  " Allah order us to fight for religion", "Communists robbed Muslim land, food, minerals and other property"
 
 Activities by exerting his influence as a  religious leader.
He developed followers in the villages of Karakash county, and used the religious gatherings to force followers to  proclaim their allegiance to  him by making vows by holding the Quran, and then he encouraged , deceived and threatened the public to take part in the riot.  Other than the small number counter-revolutionary backbones, more than a thousand  general public were also forced to take part in the riots in Hotan, Karakash and Lop counties. Most of  them participated blindly.
For example, at the beginning of 1956, the 127 people who got involved in the Lop three district riot tied up our district cadres.  At that time, one retired soldier took a kitchen knife and arrived to the scene to explain  the truth to the mass.
After understanding the truth, not only did they surrender their weapon, but also released the tied cadres.  In addition,  they confessed that they were deceived.  They also captured the backbone riot ers, and returned the robbed rifles and food intact.  The escaped ones quickl y came back to turn themselves in.  Hotan counter-evolutionary riots easy come easy go, by the time one is quenched a new one emerges.  This is one of the characteristics of Hotan riots.  While summarizing the experience after  the crushing of the riot, we noticed that  Hotan riot was a result of an attack by the reactionaries at the vulnerable chain of our work. The vulnerable chain in our work  was reflected at that we had not done enough religious work, united front work and public education work, there were also some shortcomings  and characteristics in policy implementation (for example, the labor reform division has problem in implementing Party’s policy, especially the ethnic policy and religious freedom policy.  More examples such as, improper restriction of interactions between people, severe control of the small businesses  in some places created tension in village bazaars and caused public dissatisfaction). Reactionaries used these weak links in our w(ork espe?)cially the weakness in  religious work, to attack us.  At the same time, we also noticed that the riot in Hotan were also related to Hotan’s closeness to the border and its social connection with the history of  the Imin gr oup who escaped to abroad.
Hotan counter-revolutionary riot was an well-organized and premeditated act with a clear agenda, it was an act of ethnic separatists.  It caused serious damages: killed or wounded some cadres and mass, interrupted production, damaged the social order.  For a while, the Chinese cadres and their families did not feel secure to work in Xinjiang, creating a bad political influence, which provided a good excuse for imperialists and hostile forces at home and abroad to carry out sabotaging activities.  Of course, the handling of the incident also taught us a good lesson.

(2)  Both the illegal border crossing incidents occurred in Ghulja and Chochek between early April to late May of 1962, in which many people live in the border area illegally crossed the border to Soviet Union, and the Ghulja counterrevolutionary riot of May 29 were long planned subverting acts of Soviet Union.  After the 22nd Meeting of Soviet Communist Party, Soviet authorities used its historical influence and complex ethnic and social relationship in Chochek and Ghulja district to develop illegal Soviet residency and establish intelligence nets through the consulate and  its subordinate organization the Russian Chinese Union. They carried out ideological infiltration using printed materials, radio, letters, mailed  food and clothes to spread their propaganda about a happy life in Soviet Union.  At the same time, they actively played on the ethnic relationship, creating ethnic conflict and setting anti Chinese trend.  Around April 10th, several counts of  illegal border crossings by small number of peoples to Soviet Union occurred in some collective farms of Chochek county along the Sino-Soviet border.  After that, the situation developed rapidly, and spilled  over to other regions, reaching its at the end of May.  On May 29, the people who were waiting for the bus to Korghas in the Ghulja Bus station damaged the station office under the instigation of counter revolutionary element Abdukadir, and forcefully entered the prefecture congress building and prefecture party committee office, damaged office equipments, and took away some government documents and records from the Ghulja division of foreign affairs office.  They took away some weapons from the People’s  Armed  Police, and injured several party officials and armed police.  During the riot,  the rioters loudly chanted the  reactionary slogans: " Xinjiang belongs to  us, Chinese occupied our land, down with the Communist Party, destroy Chinese". After the suppression of the riot, the small number of reactionaries could not admit their failure, they proclaim: "Chinese killed our people, we have to take revenge!".  Over a period of time, reactionary organizations, posters and leaflets  that aimed at the destruction of ethnic unity and motherland’s integrity continuously emerged in an  attempt  to establish "Uyghuristan".
    Foreign hostile force’s direct involvement in organizing our border  region citizens’ departure, leading up to revolt which later  turned riot,  is this incident’s characteristic.  From January to April 1962,  the vice consul of Soviet consulate in Ghulja went to Chochek many times and met  with more  than 6,000 people, carried out instigation, and openly announced: " Many people in Chochek came from Soviet Union, Soviet Union still regards them as its own citizens and keeps its door open to them".
   In addition, he distributed numerous "Invitations", "birth certificates" and "residency certificates". When a small number of border region citizens crossed the border, they also opened border at Chochek, Korghas, Chaghantokhay and Dorbujun counties.
   They also picked up the arrivals and made arrangements for them.  On May 29,  when rioters entered  the Soviet consulate in a robbed car,  not only  did the consul, vice consul and secretary weapons from them.  When we took measure to suppress the riot, some rioters also entered the consulate, the Soviet consul received them himself again.
     During that incident, more than fifty-six thousand people from Xinjiang were instigated to leave for the Soviet Union, most of whom were ordinary minority folks from the border region.
   There were some government workers and carders among those who left. Under the incitement of our enemies at home and abroad, some people looted national livestock and property and took the booty with them.  More than thirty thousand heads  of cattle alone were lost.  Because so many people left the border, there were more than four hundred thousand-mu land left uncultivated.  These events  had serious negative impacts on our region's social and productive stability  and caused serious economic and political damages as well.  Under the patron age of the Soviet government, those small number of ethnic separatists who fled  to the Soviet Union united with other counter- revolutionary forces and carried out separatist activities against our region.  Through this incidence, we not only saw the Soviet imperialists' true color but also reached a new understanding of the destructiveness of ethnic separatism and local nationalism.
 
(3) East Turkestan People's Party" (short form ETPP) was established during the Cultural Revolution with the help of Soviet spies. TheETPP took advantage of the chaos to encourage ethnic separatism, destroy ethnic unity, propagate the independence of Xinjiang and instigate armed riots.  It was the biggest counter-revolutionary organization that formed since the liberation of Xinjiang.
    The Eastern Turkestan People's Party was secretly established in February 1963.  Initially, it was called "Uyghurstan People's Party."  But in order to mislead the public, its name was changed to the same name (Eastern Turkestan People's Party) that was used during the Three District Revolution.  In addition, the time of its establishment was falsely alleged to be November 11, 1960 (November 11th of 1944 was the date the  temporary Three District government was established).  This example clearly  indicates that the organizers have already given much premeditated thoug ht to  the facts about it.  The so-called "ETPP" set up "Central Chairmen Committee"  with a few committee members and alternate members.  After the Eastern  Turkestan People's  Party was established, it swiftly developed by takin g  advantage of the chaos of the Cultural Revolution.  In addition to its t hree  direct organizations known as "Youth Organization,"  "Tengritakh Revengers,"  and "Tengritakh Ular," it also established subdivisions in Ghulja, Akhsu ,  Chochek, Borutala, and Urumchi,  one after another from January to April of 1969.  They set about 78  counter-revolutionary grass-root organizations altogether, covering  Xinjiang's 12 prefectures and cities, 22 province level government  organizations with over three hundred members.
    After the Eastern Turkestan People's Party was established, the  members secretly conspired and discussed its counter-revolutionary guiding  principles. The ETPP's central committee and subcommittee drafted articles  such as "The Destiny of the Uyghurs," "Eastern Turkestan  People's Party's Constitution" and "Eastern Turkestan People's Party's  General Principles."  The names and articles might be different from one  another, but they all contained the following common contents:  claim "The  ETPP" is the true party of the people of Eastern Turkestan", "Seize the power  with the help of the Soviet Union and establish an  independent Eastern Turkestan Republic", deliberately distort history and  claim "Xinjiang had been an independent country since the beginning of time,  it has falled to a Chinese colony only in recent years" , "We must completely  liberate the Eastern  Turkestan through armed struggle" etc.
    They slandered Xinjiang's socialist  revolution and revolutionary construction as  "practicing colonial rule. "  Some of them even held the banner of Marxism and Leninism and proposed:  "We  want to establishing an independent country according to the Marxist principle  of self-determination of different peoples"  Some of the constitution even  drew up the "Eastern Turkestan Republic's "national flag" and the "party's emblem", etc. In order to expand their influence, the Eastern Turkestan People's Party  and its grass root organizations printed large quantities of counter-revolutionary newspapers "The Torch", "Wake up", "The Independence", and  articles and pamphlets which advocate independence and attack  Chinese Communist Party.  They also encouraged its members to listen to  Soviet  radios.  ETPP's member Turghun Almas took a vow at that time to "fight f or the  independence of Eastern Turkestan."  He even wrote counter-revolutionary  articles such as: "Our Great Motherland-Eastern Turkestan" and "Our Cruel Sufferings and the Way Out of Them" to viciously attack the Chinese Communist  Party's general and specific policies in Xinjiang and to slander more than  twenty years of accomplishments after the region's liberation. These articles openly spreaded ethnic separatism ideas and advocated Xinjiang's independence.  At the same time, the "ETPP" also plotted to establish its counter-  revolutionary stronghold, and actively  prepared for counter-revolutionary  armed riots.  They organized  to rob banks, department stores, warehouse s, and  grain stores, etc. to raise funds and materials for their activities in  Urumchi, Yili, Karamay, and other places.
    Some of the counter-revolutionary  grass root organizations also  drafted out plans to rob the weapons from the military subdivsions and  people's organizations.  On a dozen occasions, the "ETPP"'s  Yilimmittee, Urumchi Branch, and Altay Bureau also sent their delegations to  Soviet Union and Mongolia Republic to beg for arms and the use of radio  stations for their riots and ask for military advisors.  The Soviet Spy  agency sent a group of fourteen people with spies carrying radio  transmitters, weapons and funds for their activities. These groups arriv ed in  Xinjiang and established communication with the  "ETPP" nine times.  With the order of the "ETPP Central Committee", "ETPP" Southern Xinjiang  division gathered some people who were ignorant of the truth, and after  elaborate plotting, took off  under the command of Ahunov from the town  of  Kashkar and Mekit in two vehicles loaded with large numbers of firearms  in the  evening of August 20, 1969 in an attempt to reach to the Soviet boarder.
    They  planned to establish an counter-revolutionary  stronghold with the support of Soviet Union, and eventually declare the  establishment of Eastern Turkistan Republic.  When the group proceeded t o near  Suhkaz in Atush area on August 21, 1969, they were surrounded and crushe d by  government military forces who arrived soon after the information was  disclosed. As a result, the well-planned counter-revolution military upr ising  was completely crushed.
   The "Eastern Turkistan Party" and its activities emerged by taking  advantage of the chaos of Cultural Revolution. The organization expanded  dramatically in the vast areas within the province. Some of the organizations  came into scene in the name of various civilian groups during that time.  Therefore, its members came from different backgrounds. Some members were  government staffs, some were even managerial staffs of different governmental  departments, some were young students.  For example, the "Tengritagh Revengers", a sub-organization of "Eastern  Turkistan Party", was a counter-revolutionary grass-root organization mainly  formed by middle school students.  At the same time, the "Eastern  Turkistan Party" made great effort on the propaganda among students of middle  schools, colleges, universities in order to expand its members.  "Eastern  Turkistan Party" was a well organized organization with a clear and  sophisticated guiding line. Its plan included expanding the organization ,  publicizing anti-communist government propaganda, establishing counter-  revolutionary strongholds and organizing counter-revolutionary armed revolts,  even threatening and assassination of those who disclose their evil  activities.  All of these shows that they carried out premeditated, well  organized and well guided separatist activities in order to separate Xinjiang  from the motherland to establish an independent "Eastern Turkistan Republic"  with foreign support.  This case was uncovered during the Cultural Revolution,  and most of its major players were captured.  However, its influence was  not  yet completely eliminated due to various interferences.  In recent years , some  of the old "Eastern Turkistan Party" members started their frequent maneuvers  of activating the national separatist movement again.  All of these should  have our immediate attention.
(4) The counter-revolutionary armed riot which took place in the Barin  town  of Aktu County on April 5, 1990 was a well-planned, well-organized and  premeditated violent act of a small number of reactionaries and ethnic  separatists hidden in Barin.  Cloaked in religion, they deceived and forced  some blind-minded public to take part in their plot to destroy  national  unity  and overthrow the government. The riot was a rare and the most serious  incident carried out by the ethnic separatists since the liberation of  Xinjiang.
    In 1989, a small number of separatists led by Zeydin Yusuf had already  started their preparation for the counter-revolutionary riot.  On one hand,  they took advantage of the religious gatherings in Mosques to brainwash  the  followers specially the young ones with religious fanaticism to create  counter-revolutionary public opinion.  On the other hand, they establish ed the  counter-revolutionary organization "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Party" by  secretly comm(unicating?)  with one another.  The goal of the organization was  very obvious. It wanted to  eliminate non believers by promoting Islam,  occupy  the Barin town by armed revolt and establish the "Eastern Turkistan Republic".  To reach this goal, they conducted a series of planning and detailed  preparation, which included expanding the counter-government organization,  discussing and making decision about the armed riot, work sharing, collecting  of monetary support, food supplies and firearms, and organizing combat  training etc.  Because their plot was partially exposed in mid March,199 0,  they were forced to change the initial plan and speed up their long planned  evil activity. The member recruiting activity of the "Eastern Turkistan  Islamic Party"  turned from underground to public, from individual recruiting  to group recruiting, and  from tricking to threatening.  They formed their major military force the  "Islamic Worriers" mainly from young people.  At the same time, they  intensified the propaganda about the armed revolt.  They set up loudspeakers  in Mosque courtyards in the villages of Barin and Turand played cassettes  praising the "Jihad".  A small number of reactionaries set knives on the  ground, and forced people to take vow touching the "Quran" to join the  "Jihad".  They threatened to kill those who betrays Islam.  In the early  morning of April 5, 1990, a group of ruffians gathered nearly 200 people  to  pray in front of the local government building, seeking trouble.  In the  same  afternoon, the ruffians tied up and beaten the police officers who came  to  keep the social order, and took away their weapons.
    Moreover, they trapped our party and administration officials, police officers  and Armed Police officers for over ten hours in the town government courtyard  by madly shooting and throwing grenades at the courtyard, obstructing the  Armed police officers came to aid.  They savagely killed 7 Armed Police  officers.
    Supported by the Central Government, the  Autonomous Region  Party  Committee took decisive measure  and put d  the Barin uprising was a great  victory.  It was a heavy blow to the foreign and internal separatist forces.  It had a great effect on improving the stability of Southern Xinjiang an d  keeping the stability of the whole Autonomous Region.
 However, why did the Barin uprising take place in such a remote  village of Xinjiang?  Why did it happen under current situation?  Some  questions need our further deliberation and recognition.
    The Barin counter-revolutionary riot was not an accidental event.  The  constant battle between defending the state sovereignty and safeguarding  ethnic unity versus splitting national integrity and trampling ethnic un ity  has existed for long time in Xinjiang, it is only becoming more grave an d real  as the international and domestic situations change.  The Barin riot was  a  reflection of this struggle in an extreme pattern.  Actually, the Barin  riot  was not an isolated event, almost at the same time, similar abnormal phenomena  already occurred in other parts of the southern Autonomous region.
    The Barin riot has a obvious characteristic: a small group of separatists  incited religion mania, and, under flag of "Islamic Jihad",  encouraged,  deceived and coerced masses to join the riot.  "The Biography of King  Bograhan", a book published in 1988 by the Kashgar Uyghur Publishing House, is  a typical book that glorifies the "Jihad" history.  It  provided the  rebel faction with an ideological weapon to promote "Jihad", and played  an  extremely detrimental role.  For example, in several private religious schools  in Kashgar, Yeken, Kucha and Aksu area, the reactionary idea  of "Islamic Jihad" had been openly taught among the students, a significant  number of whom later became the backbones of the Barin riot.  In order t o  publicize and organize the so-called "Jihad", Zaiden Yusuff also drafted  "The  Rule of Jihad", and claimed that the "Jihad" is to eliminate the non-believers,  take weapon and attack the non-believers; and that if the Imam command a  person to take part in the "Jihad", he should even women must kill the enemy in order to protect themselves.  He further stressed that the  "Jihad" would be carried out with money, will power, language and fist.  He  said that the ultimate moral character of "Jihad" for a man is to  cut down the enemy but preserve his own life, and that the Heaven belong s to  those who sacrifice their lives for this holy cause.  According to "Jihad  Rules",they planned and set up counter revolutionary armed forces that w ere  organized according to the "Jihad" war pattern as front squads, rear guard  squads each with its own Imam, and carried out intensive military training,  fund raising, food collecting, weapon purchasing and manufacturing. Before the  riot, they forced the public make vow by hand-touching the Quran.  During the  riot, the rioters made vow by holding the "Quran" and stubbornly fought  for  "Jihad".  In particular, they encourage the young people, even teenagers  to  fight for "Jihad".  They  deceived them with lies such as: "Those who die for  Jihad are glorious martyrs, their soul will live happily up in Heaven",  "It is  better to die for Jihad and enter Heaven rather than living " etc.  A mere 14  year old boy who cruelly killed an armed policeman said in a surprisingly  calm and casual manner: "I killed a non-believer".  From this example we  can  see that the reactionary ideology of "Jihad" already caused some people  to  become fanatics.
   Before and after the  Barin incident, the diffusion of religious  fanaticism  and the spread of ethnic separatism coexisted.  It was on these base ground  that the "Islamic Jihad" got revived.  From their riot slogans, one can  quickly come to a conclusion: the anti-Chinese moods are deeply planted  in  this remote tiny village with only 3 Chinese out of nearly 20,000 Uyghur  inhabitants.  In many people's eyes the non-believers are the Chinese, the aim  of  "Jihad" is to purge these Chinese". Zaiden Yusuff and his gang often  fabricated rumors such as "the purpose of the family plan policy of Chinese is  to destroy the Uyghur nation", "A train (with Ch)inese pulls into Urumchi in  every 15 minutes, we have not  enough water and food because they come and occupy our resources".  He  slandered the policy of developing Xinjiang as "colonizing" and used these to  incite ethnic conflict and hatred.  He and his followers openly shouted:  "Down  with the socialism!", "In the past Marxism suppressed religion,  and now  it is  religion's turn to suppress Marxism",  "Unite all the Turk peoples, long  live  the great Eastern Turkistan!" " Take Barin, establish Eastern Turkistan".  They also claimed: "We have support both at home abroad".  Before  the Barin  event, all the slogans used in the  revolts in Urumchi and other places  also  had the same ethnic separatism contents such as "Oppose Chinese" and  "Establish Eastern Turkistan". This shows deepness of the influence of " Pan-Turkism" and "Pan-Islamism" and its detrimental effects in Xinjian g.  The  Barin counter-revolutionary riot had us further recognize that the inter nal  and external separatist forces who support the independence of "Eastern  Turkestan" are the major threat to the stability of Xinjiang.

   Above, we have analyzed the occurrence, guiding lines and effects of  four  major riots that have occurred at different times since the liberation o f  Xinjiang.  These four events are typical but they reflected only a porti on of  the entire story.  According to statistics, 19 counts of revolts and rio ts  and194 cases of counter-revolutionary separatist activities occurred in  the  whole Autonomous Region in the 30 years between March 1951 and May 1981.
    In  recent years, the related departments had more statistical data. These figures  clearly indicate that since the liberation of Xinjiang, a small number of  anti-party and anti-communism separatists have never stopped their activities  to split the unity of our motherland.  The battle between  defending motherland integrity, safeguarding national unity and splitting  territorial integrity, sabotaging ethnic unity has existed for long time  in  Xinjiang.  With the change in the international an(d dom)estic situations, the  complicity and seriousness of this battle are also intensifying. We should  recognize this trend.  From these incidents,  we also have to concretely  examine the Xinjiang ethnic separatism and its characteristics.
    <1> Because of the historical reason, "Pan-Islamism" and "Pan-Turkism"  have  profound influences in Xinjiang. "Pan-Islamism" and "Pan-Turkism" are  ideologies that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  It  represents the benefits of reactionary Mullahs (Muslim priests) and the  declining feudal aristocrats and landlords.  It advocates removal of class  conflict, and the unification of all Muslims and Turk-language speaking  nations to form an Islam Empire or a Great Turk Empire.  These ideologue s  came into Xinjiang with the foreign imperialist’s invasion into China, and were  readily accepted by the old ethnic separatists such as Mohammed Imin.  It has  gradually evolved into the ethnic separatism theory centered on "Independence  of Eastern Turkistan". The essence of its content are three sentences: " Our  country is Eastern Turkestan, our nationality is Turk, our religion is Islam".  The real purpose of these three slogans is to separate Uyghurs from the  Chinese big Family and break Xinjiang away from China's territory to establish  an independent "Eastern Turkistan".  They advocate to establish a theocratic rule.  This shows their obvious  reactionary nature.
    Since the liberation of Xinjiang, the extremely small number of ethnic  separatists and capitalistic nationalists who fabricate rumors to carry  out  separatism activities are all driven by the "Pan-Turkism" and "Pan-Islamism"  ideologies. Even though they emerge with different faces, different  organizations and different names at different historical stages, all have a  common ground: "Pan-Turkistan" and "Pan-Islamism" are always their spiritual  support, Eastern Turkistan is their ultimate goal. The profound influence of  "Pan-Turkistan" and "Pan-Islamism" is the major ideological source of a  series  of ethnic separatism incide  occurred in Xinjiang region. The  influence of "Pan-Turkism" and "Pan-Islamism" have already formed a relatively  complete concept, a concept of "Independent Eastern Turkistan".  It has  become  the reactionary flag of the ethnic separatism incidents. The main content of  this concept is to deny that China historically has been a multi-national  country, and claim that Uyghur has been historically a different nation  independent of China, and insist that Xinjiang was a independent country  from  the beginning of time.
 
From: TudiH@aol.com
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 23:27:27 EST
To: Uighur-l@taklamakan.org
Subject: TRANSLATED DOCUMENT - PART C
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    From this standing point, they strongly impeded the peaceful liberation of  Xinjiang and entrance of the People's Liberation Army into Xinjiang, viciously  attacked the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership and  work in Xinjiang as  "implementation of colonialism", "invasion" and "plundering" , and claimed " it  is the source of the poverty and backwardness of Uyghur people".  They  encouraged people to oppose communist party  and communist  system.  The y  attacked the ethnic and religion policy of Party, and strongly promoted  ethnic  animosity and religious fanaticism and "Islamic Jihad", openly called for  armed counter revolutionary riot and establishment of an independent "  Eastern  Turkistan Republic" by the support of abroad forces.
    A series of ethnic  separatism incidents that happened since the  peaceful liberation Xinjiang,  the comprehended counter revolutionary organizations such as "Eastern  Turkistan People’s Revolution Party" , "Eastern Turkistan Islamic  Party" and  "Eastern Turkistan Youth Party", and the slogans, leaflets and anonymous  letters that continuously popping up everywhere all strongly advocate  Xinjiang’s independence as "Eastern Turkistan" ,  and seek to split out  Xinjiang from our motherland.  They are all anti-Chinese and discriminate  Chinese, they want to expel the Chinese from Xinjiang.  " Chinese go back to  China" and  " Establish Eastern Turkistan" have become the most  appealing and  universal slogans of all the past separatist activities.  Some main views of  "Pan Islamism" and "Pan Turkism" have generated a deep reaching  influence no  matter in cities or some remote countrysides, no matter among some party  and  administration officials or some  farmers in the countryside or the nomads on  the mountains, especially among young people.  A student in Karakash county  boldly wrote on his homework paper :  "Send back the Chinese, get independence  for Xinjiang"  and gave it to the teacher.  It is obvious that there quite a  few young people have already got poisoned.  Numerous facts have proved lag of independent "Eastern Turkistan" is the characteristic of  the ethnic separatism activities and that the internal and external ethnic  separatist forces who hold the flag of independent "Eastern Turkistan"  are the  main threat to the stability of Xinjiang.
 
   <2>  Using religion to excite religious fanaticism and calling for " Jihad"  have already become the major instrument for the at home and abroad  separatists in the separatist incidents.  The serious smashing and plundering  incident in which the rioters attacked the Autonomous Region Party head  quarter in Urumchi on May 19, 1989  was caused by such measures.  The January  13, 1981 disturbance in Karghilik was also instigated by a small number  of  counter revolutionary elements who took advantage of a Mosque fire.  The  above  examples like the 1954 Hotan counter revolutionary riot, the "Eastern  Turkistan Party" of the cultural revolution period, and specially,  the Baren  event all have reflected this characteristic.  In recent years, some ethnic  separatists have concluded when they have summarized the reasons for the ir  failure that "They have not used religion this weapon".
     We have already noticed that religious activity has already reached to  a  fanatic level in some places in Southern Xinjiang, a small number of ethnic  separatists cloaked in religion are spreading separatism and fighting for  ideological strong holds, grabbing away grass root political power and young  generation, openly interfering with  administration, judicial system and  marriage.  The pressure of illegal and criminal religious activities on  the  village basic level officials and masses is getting higher and higher.
    It has  become a mental opium, mental terror and mental  shackle for people, and  a  mental weapon for the small number of ethnic separatists.  Some praying  places  have been transformed into places for separatism activities.  Some people  might  ask: How this religion mania has started in Xinjiang?  How the internal  and external enemy forces carry out ethnic separatism by utilizing…(?)
     First of all, numerous facts showed that the introduction of the religion  mania by the illegal religious activities is a result of the long term  instigation of abroad enemy forces.  The "Pan Islamism" which aims a t the  strengthening of  Islam calls all  the Muslims of the world to unite and  "rescue and protect Islam" , this has generated a broad and deep reaching  influence in Xinjiang.  Especially after 1962, some international religious  organizations has further enhanced their infiltration activity and influence  in Xinjiang.
    They have used various means to  carry out subversion  activities through religion in Xinjiang.  One way they employed  is  through  various channels bringing large numbers of religious books and tapes, many of  which contain contents that attack the Chinese Communist Party and Communist  System, and spreading "Pan Islamism" and promoting ethnic separatism ; Another  is by directly sending people under different names to Xinjiang by taking  advantage of  reforming and opening policy of our country  to spread religion  and expand religious power under the pretext of  giving religious seminars,  setting up public service organizations etc.  Some of them openly called  for "  the Rescue of Islam",  and claimed that: "In the past, Islam was defended with  lives, it still has to be defended with lives now and in future".  The y called  to fight "to Preserve Islam’s Purity". The other way is by strongly expanding  the influence of abroad religious powers by funding the construction of  new  Mosques and new Religious schools as well as hospitals in Xinjiang. They  also  send invitation to religious figures in Xinjiang for pilgrimages (Haj).
     They  open religious school in some foreign countries,  and by using " free  study in  abroad" as a bail, attract some young  people who went to abroad to vi sit  their relatives or to pilgrimage to stay and study religion.  This way,  they  train a new generation of religious successors, and propagate ethnic  separatism ideology. They urge these young people to "return after study t the same time, they also  extend favor to people who go to Haj or to visit relatives, and then instigate  them.
     In addition, recently, a reactionary religious force is gradually forming  and developing in some  southern Xinjiang regions.  Small number of religious  reactionaries are stirring up religion fanaticism and ethnic hostility very  actively.  They attack the Party’s religious freedom policy,  shout: " Use  religion to suppress Marxism", and openly proclaim: "War on atheism" , and  force public to belief in religion.  They use various means to hurt patriotic  religious figures, attempt to usurp the religious leadership, and cause  some  religious establishments to become stages for counter revolutionary  activities.  In some places in southern Xinjiang (for example the Baren  town),  the outlawed  religious practices such as "Oshne-Zakat" (religious charities)  is coming back and continuously developing.  It regulates  how much free  labor  each follower contributes.
    If they do not  provide free labor they will be asked to pay fine. However, the religious leaders never contribute t heir  own labor.
    Some of them use occasion for  the religious gatherings to  force  public donate money and food.
    Religious interference in law, marriage  and  education occurs  frequently.  In some places, there is freedom only to  believe in Islam, no freedom not  to believe.  Whoever does not go to Mosque  he will be discriminated, isolated and attacked. They implement religious  order by force, force people to fast, force women to wear veil, restrict  watching TV and other normal entertainment, hold private court to convict the  violators, arbitrarily beat them, invade their human rights.  These illegal  religious activities have added a heavy  economic and mental burden on public,  causing  moral degradation in some areas. In some places,  the Islamic law has  replaced the communist law and moral to determine right and wrong and control  people’s conduct.
    The "almighty Allah"  has taken the place of the   communist ideals as the spirit  of Party’s leadership and Party policy for the accomplishments  of communistic modernization and  the improvement in living standards.
    The  religious fanaticism has aroused on this ground.
     Moreover, in recent years, separatists at home and abroad are specially  emphasizing the training of religion successors  and the expanding of  religious influence among young people.  In this aspect, the wide spread  religious schools, specially the private under ground schools played a very  bad role.  According to investigations, in recent years there about ten  thousand talips (religious students) have been educated in religious  (including private religious schools), most of them are young people.  Even  though majority of them obeys law, some of them are quite reactionary.
    There  were 5 religious schools and 150 talips in Karghilik in 1979, but at the  end  of 1989, this number rapidly increased to 33 and 700 respectively.  According  to an incomplete statistic at the end of 1989, there were 665 boarding  religious schools (classes) and 7081 talips in 4 southern Xinjiang  prefectures.  The number of  part time talips who attend evening classes  or  study at Ahun’s houses in the countrysides is difficult to calculate.
    Even  some teachers at public schools openly teach religion in classrooms.  the  seriousness of the problem is that many of the religious schools (specially  the private ones) are controlled by reactionary religious powers. Some counter  revolutionaries who were released after many years of labor reform still  has  not changed  and are spreading separatist ideas under the cover  of religious  teaching among young people in some Karghilik religious schools,  they  advertise "Jihad".  Significant number of people accepted their reactionary  ideals of " fighting for the establishment of Eastern Turkistan Republ ic in  Xinjiang".  The main instigators and backbones of the Baren counter  revolutionary riot all had studied in private religious schools in Karghilik,  Kashgar and Kucha.  This situation worth our deep reflection.
    Just because of the above reasons, obsession with Mosque building, praying  and Haj is gradually getting popular in some places in southern Xinjiang ,  and  spilling over to the whole region.  According statistics, there were 17, 540  Mosques (or praying spots)  at the end of 1989 in the 4 southern Xinjiang  prefectures, a 23% increase from prior to the cultural revolution, a 4.8  fold  increase from before the 3 rd Meeting of the 11th Congress of Party.  Take  Baren county as an example, the number of Mosques increased from the 55  prior  to the cultural revolution to 109.  Besides, all of them were renovated  and  expanded.
    On average, each 33.9 families have one Mosque. Mosques are  becoming more and more numerous and luxurious, increasing the burden of  public.  Moreover, many  religious professionals (Ahun, Molla) who leads  the  services in Mosques have not passed the check up, creating opportunity f or bad  people to mix in, causing the regular religious service goes beyond its  boundaries, or even causing the Mosques become the strongholds of counter  revolutionary activities.  Religious activities are continuously increasing,  Baren town’s farmers have two days of community gatherings every week,  one is  the Thursday Bazaar,  the other is the Friday "Juma" in Mosque.  All  the males  have to pray in Mosque or at home five times a day, bend forward 32 time s,  kiss the ground 64 times, praise Allah 178 times.
    Because of the gradual  growth of religion, some of the region's communists,  members of Communist Youth League, cadres and school students were also  consciously or subconsciously  involved in religious activities. Under such  circumstances, some religious clergies became very active and many people  including cadres followed them.  The communist ideology lost its ground  in  some of the rural areas. As soon as an opportunity occurs, separatists u se the  religion as a tool to agitate people and easily create the mass unrest o r even  counterrevolutionary riot.  After Barin incident, some of the people who  were  deceived and made vow touching  admitted that Nasirdin Yusuf and his  followers were very misterious, if they were not Ahuns, they were Kazi then,  they always carry "Kuran" and read "Kuran" , so we all followed them .
     <3> both internal external enemies are increasingly emphasizing the fight  for younger generation.  They use various methods to spread separatist  ideology among the young people with . A few years ago, Aysa faction at  abroad  announced that they would "change their strategy".  These changes mainly  include "Letting the younger generation take lead in the independent  activities".
    Aysa himself once openly said: "We are getting old, our hope is  on our younger generation" The separatists inside China is echoing and saying  " Only if we educate and guide our younger generation, can we materialize our  wishes" Now we must realize that  such changes in internal and external  separatist's strategy are already affecting the situation in whole Xinjiang  region.  This has now become one of the important characteristics of the  Xinjiang regional separatist movement.
     For example, the leaders of  the Jan13, 1981 unrest in Kaghalik county  were  the students who attended religious schools and very heavily influenced  by  unhealthy religious ideology. The members of the counterrevolutionary  organization "Yalkhun Party" in Payziwat county and the 149 people who  attended "May 27" counterrevolutionary riot were all young people, 63 of  whom  were students from Jia-shi High School, 34 were members of Communist You th  League.  After the crack-down on the "October30" Kashkhar incident we had  undercovered the counterrevolutionary organization "Central Asia Uighurs tan  Youths Spark Party".
    In the prison,  we interrogated 17 members including  the president and the vice president of that party.  We found 15 of those 17  were high school students.  One of them was 15 years old, 4 of them were  16  years old, 5 of them were 17 years old, 4 of them were 18 years old, and  2 of  them were 19 years old. In the Barin incident, most of the leaders were  very  young.  The top positions of the Counterrevolutionary organization  "Eastern Turkistan Party’’ were  held by people ranging from 28 to 2 0 years  old. This is an interesting phenomena.
   In recent years, we often saw and heard in Xinjiang the counterrevolutionary  rumors, slogans, flyers, and letters they say: "Get armed and force the  Chinese out of our country," "Establish East Turkistan  Republic".  These activities are getting stronger.  it has already raise d the  percentage of the young criminals.  According to a study of the 113 incidents  which occurred in the second half of 1988 in Kashkhar, Hotan, Khizilsu and  Aksu districts, where counterrevolutionary slogans, flyers  and letters were discovered and 127 arrests were made as a result, most o f the  cases were conducted by the people under 25 years old.  The youngest one  was  just 12 years old.  Among the121 arrested, 104 of them were middle and  elementary school students, 82.2% of the total.  Some of them were members of  Communist Youth League, members of Red Guard or honor students. This is  another interesting phenomena.
     In the 30 years between 1949 and1979, almost no demonstration was held by  the Xinjiang  minority students in Xinjiang, but after 1980, student  demonstrations broke out one after another. This is a new phenomena.  Uighur  students from 7 university & colleges  including Xinjiang University in Urumchi  demonstrated on December 12, 1985. They were openly against the Central  Government's decision. That incident spreaded a bad influence to some  districts in Xinjiang, Nanjing, Beijing, Shanghai and other palces.  Some of  the students from Xinjiang University got together and organized this we ll  planned and well organized political incident for which the Xinjiang  University became the headquarters.  Before and after that incident, some  pro  separatism posters and flyers with contents such as: " Chinese out of  Xinjiang", "Independent for Xinjiang, long live Xinjiang", "Cut off the  railroad from inner China to Xinjiang"  were discovered in Urumqi and other  districts.  In Jun  another demonstration was organized by a student  association in Xinjiang University.  They used various excuses to urge  students to take part in the demonstration.  Using the "support for the  minority education" as a cover, they attacked Central Communist Party's  minority autonomy policy, damaged the good relationship among the  nationalities.  They used slogans such as "No big Chinese Nationalism",  "No  Chinese population transfer to Xinjiang", and created a very bad influence in  the society. This phenomena requires our accurate research and study, carefully  treatment and high precaution
    The above mentioned three phenomena itself indicate the seriousness  of  the problem. We believe that a high vigilance is necessary against potential  dangers. The old influences of "Pan-Islam" and "Pan-Turkism", the attack  of  religious fanaticism, especially the separatist activities and influence s in  ideological fields, plus the religious teachings in the religious school s and  the wrong ideas spreaded by teachers in all level of public schools (including  high, middle and elementary schools) have heavily poisoned the young people  who have very little social experiences and are not capable to differeciate.  These effects can not be measured by any statistical data.  Clearing up  those  bad social influences requires some time. Therefore, we should never reduce  our alertness.

From: TudiH@aol.com
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 23:51:30 EST
To: Uighur-l@taklamakan.org
Subject: TRANSLATED DOCUMENT - PART D
 TOP
 
     <4>.  From the above description, we have seen that the ethnic  separatists abroad and at home openly held the banner of "promoting  Islam," and "fighting Islamic holy war" as one of the important  characteristics of present-day Xinjiang ethnic separatism activities.  T he  counter-revolutionary riot in Bahren County, from its inception and  development till its eruption, was carried out under the banner of  "Islamic Jihad".  Our enemies at home and abroad use "Islamic Jihad" as  an  ideological weapon against our party and our communist system in order  to  divide the integrity of our motherland.  They gather all separatism under the  banner of "Islamic Jihad" and mislead Muslims into the reactionary path of  "Islamic Jihad". This indicates that they have developed from conducting  ordinary separatist activities to directly using the "Islamic Jihad" banner,  and even launching counter-revolutionary armed riots.
    Ethnic separatist forces are increasingly inclining towards unified  movements.  This is the new trend of present-day Xinjiang ethnic separat ist  movement.  By unified movement we mean not only organizational unity but  also  ideological unity.
    This unity in ideology mainly manifests itself in that  all of the ethnic separatist organizations and ethnic separatists use "Pan-Islamism" and "Pan-Turkism" as their ideological weapon.  Organizational  unity  is apparent in that all reactionary organizations actively establish ties with  each other in an attempt to establish a "united battlefront" to unite  scattered ethnic separatists, so that they can form a political force to  carry  out separatist activities systematically with universal leadership and  planning.  Baren County's "Eastern Turkestan Islamic Party" is an example of  an unified movement.  It was an organization formed by a group of counter-  revolutionaries headed by Zedin Yusup.  It pursued a policy of "long-term  planning, organization expansion, strict discipline and steady growth" along  with the  counter-revolutionary tactic of "uniting all separatist forc(es of Xing?)iang".  The well-planned counter-revolutionary organization with characteric  strict rules and work sharing system was established in the beginning of  1987  and gained vast influence.  This counter-revolutionary organization used  Bahren County as its home base, and vigorously tried to expand to the regions  south of Urumchi.  It has been discovered that ethnic separatists in Urumchi,  Kashgar, Turpan, Maralvesh, Cherchen, Tokkuzak, Yengisher, Yakand,  Kuqa, Yingisar, Tokhsun, Yopurho, Shaya and other localities had joined the  "Eastern Turkestan Islamic Party". They even established subdivisions in  Kashker, Yingisar and other places.  In order to conceal themselves to  preserve forces, they have adopted non-uniform names for their organizations  in order to avoid the entire group being rounded up in one fell swoop if  discovered.  Operational unity shows that when one counter-revolutionary  organization organized one activity, the other organizations would support and  react actively with a common ideological system and common goal.
   Moreover, for a while the forces of national separatists at home and  abroad joined hands with capitalist  liberal tendencies to carry out national  separatist activities, this is another characteristic.  In addition, as  both  the international and domestic climate changes, they have constantly changed  their tactics and slogans to attack our Party's current guiding line and  policy, specifically, our party's reform and open-door policy.  They oft en  make issue over the tapping of Xinjiang's natural resources and strongly  publicize it:  "Xinjiang's gasoline is flowing eastward, the cotton is being  transferred away." "More and more resources are taken out and few is brought  into Xinjiang."  They use allegations like: "China plunders Xinjiang's natural  resources"; " Stop tapping Xinjiang's natural resources," etc. to incite  ethnic  separatism and divide our national unity.
    In Xinjiang, a small number of ethnic separatists and capitalist liberals  have created wrong separatist opinions and c separatist activities.  Moreover, they have made big issue over the "Three Region Revolution".
    In the  fall of 1944, the minority people of Yili, Quqek and Altay regions of  Xinjiang, broke out in an armed struggle against the Chinese Nationalist  government's reactionary rule and the imperialist invading forces to obtain  ethnic  freedom and democracy, because they could not endure the cruel ethnic  oppression and brutal rule of the Nationalist reactionaries.  This struggle  erupted under the influence of the Chinese Communist Party and the inspiration  of the whole country's people's revolutionary struggle and the leadership of  Xinjiang's different ethnic progressive personnels.  It lasted altogether more  than five years, and converged into the powerful torrent of our national  democratic revolution in 1949.  Mao Ze-Dong’s judgment: "Three Region  Revolution is a part of Chinese national democratic revolution" is correct.  The revolution gave a heavy blow to the Guo Ming Dang's rule in Xinjiang  and  tied up its army, contributing greatly to Xinjiang's peaceful liberation.  However, during the early stage of the revolution, because a few feudalistic  religious high class personas took partial control of power, mistakes  of  ethnic separatism and blind opposition to the Chinese public had occurred.  The progressive forces represented by Ahmentjan and others fought firmly  against this erroneous separatist tendency and gradually corrected that  mistake.  The ethnic separatist forces at home and abroad often distort  the  historical truth and claim that the "Three Region revolution" was "an  independence movement", and place it on a par with the Khara Han dynasty  of  the ninth century, the Yakhup Beg's invasion of Kashker in 1865 and the  "Eastern Turkestan Islamic Republic" in Kashker which was manipulated by  the  English imperialists in 1933, and claim that there were four "independence  movements." During the Ghulja riot in 1962, some people  chanted  "The  second  Three District Revolution Started!". The proposal of  redoing the Three District Revolution  after the establishment of People’s Republic of China  is  a matter of different nature, it is not revolution, but anti-revolution,  its  purpose is to split the mother land, sabotage the ethnic unity, and cause  ethnic hatred.  The above mentioned Eastern Turkistan Party during the  Cultural revolution had purposely used  the same name and foundation day  with  the People’s Revolution Party of the Three District Revolution period.  That act  was  obviously provocative in nature.
    During the December 12, 1982 incident,  small number of students demanded to establish a Three District Revolution  Army Foundation memorial day.
    These all explains the same problem.  At  the  same time, they viciously attacked the representatives of the right path ,  said:" where did their goal go, where did the fruit of the struggle fo r  independence of Eastern Turkistan go?".
    The leaflets of the June 15, 1988  Event,  also read: "Remember, Ahmadjan fed them (Chinese)."  In order to  instigate independence, separatism, the separatists at home and abroad  viciously attack the right side of the Three District Revolution, at the  same  time, they strongly praise the wrong side ain the early phase.  This is  the  characteristic of  the Xinjiang Separatist powers in making public opinion in  ideological  field.
 
   Above, we have mainly analyzed the major characteristics of the national  separatism since the liberation of Xinjiang, some of those problems still  are  new trends today, they need to be continuously studied and analyzed.  We  repeatedly emphasize and study the national separatism and its  characteristics, because, as Mao Zedong  had once directed: "Only by thorough  studies and recognition of those characteristics,  can we take a proper  political measure and right  attitude, and will not we  treat head for  headache and treat leg for legache, but solve the problem from a scientific  stand point of view."

    2.  HISTORICAL LESSONS OF ANTISEPARATISM STRUGGLE

   The antiseparatism fight led by Party took place  tens of times on var ious  sc ng.
    On  general, every single fight  has ended with our victory and enemy’s fa ilure.  After every victory, we have never forgotten to summarize the lessons of  the  fight.  Some of  the recognitions are deep reaching because they have come  from the real combat experiences.  Specially, in the recent  years’  antiseparatism struggles,  the Autonomous Region Party Committee has  consistently and repeatedly emphasized that the main threat to the stability  of Xinjiang comes from the national separatism at home and abroad.  By t his  basic stand point of view,  we had a deeper and more practical recogniti on of  every fight’s characteristics, historical links and the nature as well  as the  reason behind it, and focused on the  study of the long term antiseparatism  measures.  These all shows that we stand  in a more initiative and more  self  conscious position.
    "The lessons of history worth attention".
    While studying the summarized the  lessons of the past battles, we have found that other than the concrete  situation and lessons connected to the concrete incident’s characteristics,  many other lessons are common, they worth our attention when we victoriously  unfold the antiseparatism struggle.  There are mainly a few aspects need  our  attention:
(1) Continue the education of  Marxism ethnic theory and Party’s  ethnic policy among the officials and mass of every nationality , gradually  establish correct ethnic view, increase the power of recognizing and resisting  various capitalistic nationalistic ideas and the wave of ethnic separatism  ideology.  This is a task of a far reaching importance, it is a measure  that  has  strategic meaning in fighting against ethnic separatism.
 In the past  separatism movements, other than the small number of backbone elements,  there  were also a significant number of deceived public involvement, especially in  some remote rural areas and normadic settlements.
 The recent situation  also  indicates that there is a decreasing trend in the age structure of the  people  involved in separatism.  There are more the backbone of the counter-revolutionary  organizations.  There are multiple reasons behind this phenomena.  One of the most important reason is young people have no established Marxist Ethnic  view,  therefore lack the ability to recognize and resist.  Young people will be the  main players of the future ethnic relationship, we should start education from  the childhood in order to secure a dependable ground work.
(2) . Take great  effort to materialize Mao Zedong’s guidelines: "In Xinjiang,  economic task  has to be given number one priority".  The agriculture, animal husbandry and  industry have to be more developed year by year, economy has to be more  prosperous year by year, people’s living standard has to be improved year by  year.  We need gradually create a strong material base against separatism.  Needless to say, the existence of national separatist forces is a reality, but  occurrence of the separatist events depends on certain environment and  conditions, including international and domestic atmospheres. Development of  the economy and further improvement of the living conditions of all  nationalities can strengthen the centripetal force and the attracting force  among the people of all nationalities. This will improve the ethnic unity  and  the integrity of the  motherland. On the other hand, If our economy does  not  improve or gets worse, it can cause various social problems, and these  problems can be used by the national separatists for their purposes.  This kind of consequences have been mentioned many times in our reviews  and  analysis of the national separatist events in the past. Therefore, developing  our economy in earnest and helping all nationalities prosper together is  our  fundamental task in the field of ethnic affairs in the new era. These are also  basic conditions for us to fight against the ethnic separatists.
(3) we  need  to firmly trust and rely on the cadres and mass of all nationalities and  form  a strong force in the fight against ethnic separatists. The cadres and t he  mass of all nationalities are (the m?)ain force in the fight against the  separatists. We have mentioned and emphasized this point when we summarized  our experiences in all fights against the national separatists in the past. We  believe that we must establish this kind of viewpoints in our fight. If  we  always start from this basic thought, we can keep firm control of our fight  and have clear battle strategy, we can unite largest number of cadres an d  common people and help to form a strong media, a good atmosphere and  environment in our fight. Only then we can correctly analyze the situation  when we fight back and have a firm belief on winning the fight against the national separatists.
(4) we must strengthen the leadership of the party in  the fight against the separatists. The Chinese communist party is the nucleus  force in uniting all nationalities and defending our national integrity.  It is  also the leadership center for successfully engaging in the fight against the  national separatists. Our fight against the separatists is a political fight,  and it is the reflection of the class struggle. All the past fights have  proven that strengthening the party's leadership and forming a united front of  cadres and common people of all nationalities around the party's leaders hip  can not only effectively resist national separatists and minimize their  working space, but also expose the activities of the national separatist s in  the open as soon as any separatist event happens and stop them at the early  stage, minimizing any damages to us.

     The experience in the four parts mentioned above have been stated by our  leaders in their theoretical articles at various times and various occasions.  In the following sections, we will further review our experiences in fighting  against the national separatists from a different angle.
1)  In Xinjiang, being firm on national integrity and fighting national  separatists is a long term task. For this, we must keep a clear vision.  We  cannot forget the hard reality that national separatists engaged in activities  harming the unit(y of n)?ationalities and integrity of our motherland.
    Ethnic separatism is the main threat to the stability in Xinjiang, an d it  is the most important instability factor in Xinjiang and the main form o f  class struggle in our region. To make this scientific conclusion a common  thought of all the cadres and the common people and to make it a grass-root  realization, we still need to do a great deal of work. On July 1990, the  Xinjiang autonomous region communist party committee held its third congress's  15th extended meeting to summarize the experiences and lessons in the  anti-  revolutionary events in the Baren township. The most important lesson  identified in this event was that for a long time, (the leaders of) our  autonomous region did not have a unified vision that national separatism  is  the main danger for Xinjiang, and we did not have a unified guiding thought on  fighting ethnic separatism. Thus, the task of fighting ethnic separatism  had  not been carried out in a top-to-bottom fashion. This lesson is very  important, and  we still need to pay full attention today. When the activities of the  national separatists are frequent and rampant, our alertness is high  and our thoughts are united. But when the political situation appears  calm or there is no big trouble, some of our comrades become relaxed.  In fact, after the Baren event, although the strength of the  national separatists was greatly reduced, they never stopped their  activities. In the international stage, after the great changes in  eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union, hostile western  forces headed by the U.S. collectively focused their aims  for destruction to China. Under the name of protecting human rights  and by using ethnic relations and religions, they encouraged disunity  of nationalities and supported and assisted the activities of the  national separatists. The national separatists residing in central and  western Asia are joining forces. On December 12-14, 1992, Overseas  national separatists headed by Eisa Yusuf Alpketin held the so-call(ed)  "Eastern Turkistan National Congress". On this meeting, they  decided their goal is to achieve an independent "Eastern  Turkistan". They chose "Eastern Turkistan" as the name of the  country and the blue flag with white crest and star as the  national flag. They elected honorary president, president, vice  president and vice premier. The meeting stated they "appeal to  the United Nations, international human rights organizations and  Islamic organizations to put pressure on China for human rights  violations in Xinjiang". They declared they would closely  work with the anti-China democratic organizations and unite  with the Tibetan and Inner Mongolian forces so that the Xinjiang  problem will be internationalized.

From: TudiH@aol.com
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 1998 23:59:23 EST
To: Uighur-l@taklamakan.org
Subject: TRANSLATED DOCUMENT - PART E
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     In the last few years, the separatist movement in Uighur  autonomous region has had ups and downs for a long time. In 1992 alone,  there were 68 Counter Revolutionary cases including 57 cases with  national separatist nature.  In southern part of Xinjiang, a new kind of  social phenomenon occurred: some independent pedlars were openly selling  old National Separatist's Isa Yusuf's portraits, selling the three books  by Turghun Almas and his pictures. There were also people wearing hats  and ties printed with the flag of East Turkistan. Some were selling  audio tapes which advocates the history in 1941-1945. In Kashgar and  Kotan, there were a lot of private hotels and shops named as "Crescent  Hotel" or "Crescent Grocery Store". All these clearly bear political  tendencies and should not be overlooked. These acts were related to the  national separatist movement in southern Xinjiang this year. Since the  beginning of this year, the activities of nationalist separatists in  several places in Kashgar region has had a clear sign of increase. They  have  planned, stole and secretly transferred large amount of weapons, explosives,  and conducted bombing and terrorist activities. They sent anonymous  threatening letters, distributed counter-reactionary leaflets, spread  rumors against Chinese people, insulted the Party's policies and spread  counter-reactionary speeches against socialist system.  These kind of  activities are getting stronger and stronger, the separatism spread is  getting wider and wider. They have very strong eliciting and destruction  power. These phenomenon has already caught the close attention of Party  Central Committee and Autonomous Region's Party Committee, "This is the  new counter-attack of national separatist force."
    At present, although nobody denies the damage of the  Nationalist Separatism to the unity of our motherland and the unity of  different nationalities, there are still some cadres and masses  lack the clear understanding of the concept that national separatist is  the (an?)ger of stability of Xinjiang.  This can definitely affect  the ideological unity among people, and also affect implementation of the  antiseparatism struggle at grass root levels.  On this problem, we  think there are three different partial view:
1.  The purpose  of stressing national separatism as the main danger of Xinjiang's  stability is to protect the unity of motherland, strengthen the unity of  nationalities, oppose subversion and penetration of separatism, safeguard  the social and political stability of our country, it is the important  agenda of doing a good job in Xinjiang. Therefore, when arranging the  specific jobs in different time, autonomous region party committee  member might not able to point out the importance of opposing  nationalist separatists in every speech. Some comrades often start to  suspect: Is that mean we no longer emphasize opposing the national  separatists?  Clearly, in order to truly educate majority of carders(cadres?) and  masses understand the importance of this point, we need to do a lot of  work.  To judge whether we have a high and unified understanding of  reactionary essence of national separatism, and the long term nature  and complicity of the antiseparatism struggle, we have to look at our action  to see if every level party committee members and leading  carders are truly emphasize the importance of against national  separatism as the directing principle in their work and correctly handle  the relationship between social stability and economic development,  and  make  the overall  strategic plan for  the antiseparatism struggle by  combining work experience from different time and different battle  front, from political, ideological and cultural fields.
2.  2. Saying national  separatism is the main threat to Xinjiang's stability doesn't  necessarily mean national separatism has already put Xinjiang into  danger and crises, it means among all the elements that  could affect the stability of Xinjiang, national and international  separatist are the real and main danger. Therefore, w correctly  estimate the situation in the struggle against ethnic separatism.  "We can  neither exaggerate nor underestimate this force (i.e. national  separatists), at the same time, we simply can not weaken our defense and  become careless." (* probably a quote from a high level leader.) If we  overestimate the strength and activities of national separatists, we  might fall into panic, and cause the army courage be shaken when facing  the  attacks of the national  separatists, our major goal of economic construction might be shaken and  get disturbed.  We will fall into a state of extreme nervousness and  became suspect of everything and mistakenly label problems of  non-religious and non-national separatist nature as national separatist  action and create confusion in our front.  We have sufficient reason to  set up our full confidence in the victory over national separatism  because: "Even in the old days when China was a poor and weak country,  the separatist action supported by Imperialism could not succeed. Now  our great country is getting stronger and stronger, separatists is  definitely gong to fail."  (* probably a quote from a high lever  leader.).  On the other hand, it also harmful if we underestimate the  strength and influence of national separatism and consider it as  'naughtiness of a few kids which can not make big wave'. This kind of  idea will only open the door for numbness and costs us golden chances of  unfolding the struggle. On this struggle, our carders of  every level have to be highly vigilant and alert. We can't afford to  have a tiny bit of indecisiveness and doubt in this big issue that related to  the existence of our regime!  At a time when the national separatism has  already  developed to such a stage to dare to try to overthrow the people’s political  power by violence, if you still close our eyes to the reality, and don't  pay  enough attention to what you see and hear, then it is not a question of  lack of understanding, but it is a question of your political standing!
3.  Some co(mrades?)s mistakenly think that the considering the separatism  as the main threat to Xinjiang's stability is a bit too sharp and  stimulant, they even say: " In the past, when we didn't mention the  importance of ethnic unity and opposing national separatism, everything  was fine.  Now, we talk about the ethnic unity every year, but we are ha ve  problem every year." This is apparently a wrong concept because no  matter whether you stimulate or not, national separatist forces are  always the same, they always want destruction.  It is exactly like Comrade  Mao  Zedong pointed out: "To these people, it is not the question of stimulation  or no stimulation. Since they are reactionaries,  they are the same no matter  whether you stimulate  them or not.  We need to draw a clear line between  reactionaries and revolutionaries, expose the schemes and intrigues of  reactionaries to arouse the awareness of revolutionaries, and boost our  combat spirit and destroy enemy courage. Only then, we can isolate  reactionaries and win the every battle with them, or replace them"
 
  2). In order to win the victory in the struggle against ethnic  separatism, we need to implement stable long term ethnic policy and  religion policy. "If the policy is not consistent, if it sometimes say t his,  sometimes say that, it will be harmful to ethnic unity, social  stability and development of our nation." (* probably a quote from a  high level leader.)
    Our party's ethnic and religious policies are the product of  combining Marxist ethnic theory with the Chinese ethnic  problem reality.  These policies are widely accepted and supported by  masses. If we correctly implement party's ethnic and religious  policies, the ethnic unity and the unity of our motherland will  definitely be promoted, the separatist activities of ethnic  separatists will be effectively controlled. Otherwise, any diverge from  fully implementation of party's nationality and religious policies would  result in the separatists to jump out and carry out subvertion and cre(?) is in our  region.
     The largest setback in our ethnic tasks occurred during the Cultural  Revolution. "We committed a serious of mistakes by exaggerating the Class  Struggle  and hurted a lot of minority carders and masses. In our work, we didn't  show enough respect to the Autonomic power of minority nationalities." ( *  probably a quote from a high level leader.)  Furthermore, because of serious  disturbances caused by Lin Biao and "The Gang of Four", the unity among  different nationalities was seriously  damage.  As a result, the relationship among nationalities remained  extremely tense during and long after the Cultural Revolution.
     After crushed "The Gang of Four", our party has made great effort  to  solve the existing problems in nationality relations in order to  eliminate harmful elements to the unity of nationalities.  The problem  of "East Turkistan Party" during the Cultural Revolution and some other  national separatist events occurred after the Cultural Revolution are al l  related to the setback mentioned above.  In August of 1980, Autonomous  Regional Party Committee held so called Three Level Carders’ Conference,  the conference made a wrong estimation on nationality relations in  Xinjiang and decided to transfer large number of Han carders back to  China proper. This decision not only caused Han carder's uneasiness to  work in Xinjiang, but also caused serious ideological confusion among  minority carders. It severely damaged the unity of nationalities.  This  can be listed as another setback of Xinjiang nationality issue after the  liberation of China.  Next year (1981), we experienced "Payziwat Counter  Revolutionary Armed Revolt" on May 27, and "Kashgar Event" on October 30  in which a small number of bad people took advantage of an unfair  criminal case and organized to bit up Han carders and masses. These even ts  continue to cause Han carder's uneasiness to settle down in Xinjiang,  some of them even start to suspect and to question party's national  minority autonomy policies. implementing party's ethnic policies  in resent years. "We had made some mistakes in implementing party's  ethnic policies, ignored broad and thorough education on  party's ethnic policy and ethnic unity, and failed to properly solve  some ethnic issues. It had created an opportunity for our enemies both a t  home  and abroad to cause troubles." (* probably a quote from a high level  leader.)
      "In some areas, ethnic problems and religious problems often  interweaved, if we fail to properly resolve religious problems,  it often harms the ethnic relations or even cause conflict among  nationalities."  We had a deep reaching lesson in implementing party's  religious  policies. During the Cultural Revolution, counter revolutionary gang led  by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing used force to resolve religious  issues, as a result, the  underground and  scattered religious activities continued to develop.  A small number of  counter revolutionary  activists and ethnic separatist forces grabbed the opportunity to organize  criminal activities and separatism under the cover of religion.  They used the slogan of  "Promoting Islam" to instigate and promote  religious fanaticism.  Since the party's "3rd Meeting of the  Eleventh Congress", we have done a lot of work in implementing party's  religious faith policies and received good result. But, we have bear on  mind  that there are still a lot of serious religious problems. We have already  pointed out that there are many different elements causing religious  problems.  Checking our own performance, firstly, we were  not fully aware of the seriousness and complicity of religious  issue, we have not truly put the religious issue to the top agenda of every  level party committee and treat it as a priority. Particularly, we  have not been able to consider Xinjiang's religious issue from standing  point  of anti-infiltration, anti-subversion and anti-peaceful transformation ( to capitalism) strategy.  Secondly, we have not been effective in prohibiting the illegal religious  activities. y  administrate religious affairs, how to educate majority of young  people to free themselves from the restrains of religion, how to  effectively fight against the reactionary religious powers.  Thirdly, our  propaganda education among the party members and officials about the Marx-Leninism atheist ideology  is not strong enough, such education basically  doesn’t exist in the grass root level countrysides.
    The small number of minority reactionaries and the ethnic separatists are  taking advantage of our failures and mistakes in fully implementing party's  policies.  They are strongly instigating religious  fanaticism,  and carrying out their evil plot of separatism under the cover of  religion, forcing us to pay high price.
    Therefore, we believe that the continuously and fully implementing  of  party's ethnic and  religious policies and resolving the existing problems according to  reality is still an important mission for every level party committees i n the  struggle against ethnic separatism.
 
   3). National separatism activities have to be stopped at the early phase  when it is still in the 'embryonic stage, we can not let it  grow and spread.  We have to do whatever it takes to eliminate national separatist  activities in their embryonic stage, this is one of our important  experiences from the antiseparatism struggle.  Among the ethnic separatism  events took place in Xinjiang since the liberation, we have  discovered  and  crushed many  before the plot took effect. Thus, we gave heavy blows to the  swollen arrogance of class enemies, and reduced their influence and prevented  the potential damage.  At the same time, we have also saved a number of deceived masses.  In order  to achieve this, at one hand, we have to rely on  justice organization's work, we do not want to dwell on this topic here.
    But  at the other hand and more importantly, every level party committees have to  keep a high degree of alertness and sensitivity,  and rely on the patriotism  of the masses of all nationalities to protect ethnic u separatists have nowhere to  hide.  During our research on the history of antiseparatism since the liberation of  Xinjiang, we have seen a lot of cases where Communist Party  members, grass root level officials and masses informed us of the separatist  activities taking the risk of losing their life. These examples are very  touching.  At the same time, we have also noticed the cases where our  alertness was not high enough and did not crush the already exposed head  at  the very beginning, consequently causing big damages.

From: TudiH@aol.com
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 1998 00:01:28 EST
To: Uighur-l@taklamakan.org
Subject: TRANSLATED DOCUMENT-END

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     The Hotan counter revolutionary riot that happened in the end of 1954  had  reflected to some extent our low political alertness and the existence of  the serious ideological problem of quickly low estimating the enemy.  Before  the riot, the rioters had concentrated in a place 3 kilometers from the  Hotan  county downtown, moreover, they held several  planning meetings and convened  a day in a village where our Town and village officials lived.  Surprisingly,  nobody reported to us, we did not  notice anything.
    Before the riot, the  prefecture committee had received an enemy  trend report from Karakash county.
    However, it was not given due attention,  and only a general arrangement was made for  handling a general public disturbance. When summarizing the lessons of t he  1981 "5/27" Paiziwat counter revolutionary armed uprising, Kashgar Prefecture  committee also noticed that before the event some  people in Paiziwat mistakenly believed that Paiziwat was very remote and  nothing happened in long period of time, therefore they had not pay attention  to some serious social problems (include Religion fanaticism and signs  sabotaged ethnic unity). The occurrence of Baren  counter-revolutionary armed uprising taught us the heaviest lesson on this  problem.  This town was named "Progressive Town" and honored by higher level  authorities  many times since 1984 for  achievements on 15 different  areas (include getting rid off poverty, increase in agricultural product ion,  progress in education, and youth and women's tasks)  It was also named " Ethnic  Unity Model  Town" by Aktu county in April 1984 .  However, under the award certificates  and honor flags were hidden the wave of excessive activities of ethnic  separatism, religion fanaticism and anti-Chinese  moods.  Why did not we notice the rioter's preparation activity which  lasted for as long as two years?  The reason the Baren armed counter  revolutionary uprising took place could not be separated from the  big  international atmosphere and small domestic atmosphere, but judging from  the  most importantly  our recognition of the seriousness of ethnic  separatism was not sufficient.  In recent years, our effort in preventing  public disruption and stopping counter revolutionary riots has been mainly  focused on big cities, small villages have been ignored.  In addition, t here  were a lot of problems in  establishing grass root level Party organizations and political  authority in villages, and in the construction of the village ideological  bases  and thoroughly implementing the religion policy of Party in its integrity, and  managing the religious activities and worshipping  places.  therefore, even though the symptom of the coming riot was very  obvious, it did not catch enough attention of the concerned Party leader s and  Political authorities.  We missed the opportunity to prevent the  riot on time.  Because of the ideological numbness and bureaucracy, the  matter  was resulted in a serious consequences.
    Actively engaging in prevention is  the important measure in unfolding the  anti-ethnic separatism struggle.  Autonomous Region Party Committee has  recently issued a decree commanding not to leave 3, implement 1i , which  means  First,  do not leave any room for the enemies to carry out criminal activity, do  well  the management tasks at Mosques, Bazaars, Hotels and Border entrances.  Secondly, do not leave hot spot, actively and properly solve the hot spot  problems; third, do not leave room for excuses.  At the same time, emphasize  implementation, specially of the basic level tasks.  These measures  are positive and initiative.  They are the application and expansion of  the  experience from the anti-ethnic separatism struggle led by our Party under new  struggle conditions.  In prevention works, we have to pay special attention to  proper handling of the ethnic disputes on time.  Handling ethnic dispute s is a  long term task.  Ethnic disputes mainly reflects the conflict within people,  therefore, we have to  apply  democratic methods such as persuading, educating, guiding, criticism and  self  criticism.  When resolving (?)ic dispute, officials of every nationality have  to  stand on the Party guiding lines and  be respectful to Party's policy, closely  cooperate and do well the public service together.  We have to be truthful to  facts, and analyze specific problems specifically, do not attribute ever y  problem to ethnic problem.  We have to handle ethnic problems on time an d  decisively.
    If not handled promptly even a small problem might aggravate  the conflict, or even be utilized by small number of bad people to sabot age  ethnic unity.  We have to pay special attention to some accidents that  easily cause ethnic conflicts, such as  farm land and grassland disputes, school admissions, employment and some  hot  spots in economical life.  We should never be careless and rush when  dealing with these problems.
4. We should take decisive measure in every area, and  cut off the connection  between the  separatists at home and abroad. When we are analyzing the characteristic s of  the separatism activities in our region, we have clearly seen that most  of the  small  and big ethnic separatism incidents have international background.  Some  incidents occurred by the support and provocation of the abroad enemy  forces.  (for example, the Eastern Turkistan Party of the cultural  revolution period, and the Ghulja and Chochek incident  in 1962), some w ere  resulted from the infiltration and influencing of the abroad  ethnic separatism forces by various means.  The ethnic separatism activities,  which are characterized by terrorism and explosions, that having been taking  place in some parts of Southern Xinjiang since this year also have obvious  international background.  We have to be  extremely alert about the separatists plot to make bigger unrest and  make Xinjiang problem international by further unifying the abroad and at  home  separatist  forces.  This is the agenda of the abroad anti-China enemy forces.  Predictably, the abroad separatist forces  will employ new measures to further speed up their infiltration and subversion  activities in Xinjiang, we should ful(ly?) estimate the complicity of  this struggle.  We have to strengthen the anti-infiltration and  anti-sabotaging struggle at the  borders.  Under the new situation, we should make extra effort to  disconnect the link between the separatist forces at home and abroad.  A s the  opening to outside world getting wider, the economic and cultural exchange  between our  country and the neighboring countries are continuously increasing, this  in  turn also  inevitably creating some difficulty for the controlling of the borders.
    In  order to  thoroughly smash the infiltration and sabotaging conspiracy of the  abroad  separatists, we should at one hand eliminate potential symptoms at home,  at  the other  hand unfold the anti-foreign infiltration struggle,  thus, establish a  perfect  infiltration prevention net.  We have to focus our effort on fighting  against  personnel infiltration, weapon infiltration, propaganda material infiltration  and drug infiltration.  Especially, we have to make greatest  effort to  prevent abroad enemy  forces from carrying out infiltration and sabotaging activity by using  religion.  In the religious  exchange activities with outside, we have to follow the rule of "me first,  only  if  it useful to me" , we should not allow ourselves to be controlled by foreign  religious forces.  We  do not allow any foreign religion groups or persons to interfere with our  countries religious affair and build praying places and spread religion.
    The Custom officials have to strictly check the religious  books, journals, tapes and other propaganda materials.  If the materials  contain  counter-revolutionary contents, they have to be confiscated.  During the  exchange and cooperation activities with foreigners, every  department on every front dealing with foreign religious groups and its  subdivisions or individuals should not permit conditions such as preaching,  establishment of religious organizations, building churches to be attached to  the cooperation project.  During the summarization of  the historical lessons from the fight against  separat(ists?)  to handle  the live separatist  events and how to handle the post-event works.  Some aspects need our  attention.  For example, we can not lose control when facing an actual ethnic  separatist scene, we have to analyze the situation calmly, and define the  incident correctly, and then handle the  situation by correct rules.  In  1981,  i10/30i  incident took place in Kashgar City.  The  beginning phase of that incident  was a conflict within people,  but later phase had the characteristic of a conflict between enemy and u s.  Faced with that kind of situation, we resorted to political resolving, public  persuasion, propaganda education. The guideline in handling that incident  was  to resolve the problem by depending on minority cadres supported by Chinese  cadres.  Reality  proved that that guideline was right.  It helped to isolate and strike t he  small number of  bad people who caused the most trouble and seriously hurt  people, and the counter revolutionary elements.  It helped to differentiate  the  small number of bad people and counter revolutionary elements from the b road  minority public.  In the 1985, some minority students demonstrated on streets.  In handling that incident, the Autonomous Region Party committee applied  the  experience of i10/30i incident, and achieved very  good result by employing persuasion, social work and intensive ideological and  political education policy.  It has to be pointed out that, the measure  taken  against an individual separatist activity is determined by the nature of  that  specific  incident.  Some incidents has obvious counter revolutionary character from the  beginning, even carries the sign of violence.  For this kind of activities a  prompt military suppression and political dissolution measure have  to be taken to quickly destroy it.  The recent several incidents took place in  some places in Southern Xinjiang had some new characteristics, the Autonomous  Region took a measure of confrontation, suppression, preemptive strike a nd  elimination of  symptoms.  This correct policy is currently being implemented in every field,  guiding us to achieve the victory of this war.
 
   Above, we have mainly studied the ethnic separatism and its several  characteristics based on the major facts from the ethnic separatism activities  since the liberation of Xinjiang, and briefly analyzed and summarized the  historical lessons from the anti-separatism struggle led by Party.  We should  say this research topic has a great level of difficulty.
    Just because  it is  difficult, we should stand more firmly by the principle of finding the truth  from the facts, and respecting the history and facts.  This the principle we  have consistently followed during this research.  What we have done is calmly  and realistically analyzing the large amounts of historical data, proposing  some thinking guidance.  We have done this in the hope that it will help  people understand the nature of ethnic separatism, and help to elicit their  alertness to the danger of ethnic separatism, provide reference to the r elated  leaders and departments in studying and arranging counter-measures against  ethnic separatsim.  This is also the purpose of our work.
 
Research group counsil:  Fu Wen
 
Host:  Kou Qing ping

    Group leader:  Zhang Yumo  Materials collection and organization:  Liu Jianghai,
    Li Sha

    August, 1993

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