fs;tp vz;: 4
,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mJ mikjpahd khh;f;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ vg;gb nghUe;Jk;?.

gjpy;:
,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;bUf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy; - cyfk; KOtjpYk; ,];yhj;jpw;F Mjuthf ,j;jid Nfhbf;fzf;fhdth;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;f khl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ rpy khw;W kjj;jth;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf vLj;J itf;Fk; nghJthd Fw;wr;rhl;L. ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fky;y. khwhf ,];yhk; ,aw;ifahfNt mwpTG+h;tkhd khh;f;fk;. ,];yhk; fhuzfhhpaq;fSld; gpur;idfSf;F jPh;T toq;ff;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjhy;jhd; cyfpy; tpiuthf NtW}d;wpaJ vd;gij ehd; NkYk; vLj;J itf;f NghFk; tpguq;fs; %yk; ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

1. ,];yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;

,];yhk; vd;w thh;j;ij "]yhk;" vd;w mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. "]yhk;" vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ]yhk; vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F xUtUila tpUg;gk; midj;ijAk; ,iwtDf;fhfNt tpUk;GtJ vd;w kw;nwhU nghUSk; cz;L. ,t;thW ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; vd;gJ mikjpahd khh;f;fkhFk;.

2. rpy Ntisfspy; mikjpia epiyehl;l eph;g;ge;jk; mtrpakhfpwJ.

cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU kdpjUk; mikjpiaAk; - ,zf;fj;ijAk; eilKiwg; gLj;j Mjhuthf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. cyfpy; cs;sth;fspy; rpyh; jq;fsJ Rayhgk; fUjp - Fog;gk; tpistpg;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ,J Nghd;w Ntisfspy; - cyfpy; mikjpia epiyehl;l Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNtjhd; mikjpia epiyehl;lTk; - rKjha vjphpfis mlf;fTk; - Fw;wthspfis jz;bf;fTk; fhty;Jiw vd;w mikg;G cyfk; KOtJk; cs;sJ. ,];yhk; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; mNj Ntisapy; vq;nfy;yhk; mepahak; elf;fpd;wNjh - me;j mepahaq;fis vjph;j;J ,];yhkpah;fis Nghuhl typAWj;JfpwJ. mepahaj;ij vjph;j;J Nghuhl Ntz;ba Neuq;fspy; - eph;g;ge;jk; mtrpakhfpwJ. mikjpiaAk; - ePjpiaAk; epiy ehl;l khj;jpuNk eph;g;ge;jpf;fyhk; vd ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; mDkjpaspf;fpwJ.

3. tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X.ypahp (
De Lacy O'Leary) apd; fUj;J.

,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;gJ jtwhd fUj;J vd;gij eP&gpf;f -gpugy tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X'ypahp (
De Lacy O'Leary) vOjpa ",];yhk; fle;J te;j ghij" (Islam At The Cross Road) vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd; 8tJ gf;fj;jpy; mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fUj;J rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fUJfpNwd;.

",];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;w fUj;J kPz;Lk; - kPz;Lk; cyfpw;F njhptpf;fg; gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gJ - tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lf; fl;Lf;fijNaad;wp Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;gij njspthd tuyhW ekf;F Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ."

4. ];ngapd; ehl;by; ,];yhkpa Ml;rp 800 Mz;Lfshf ,Ue;jJ.

];ngapd; ehl;il ,];yhkpah;fs; 800 Mz;Lfshf murhl;rp nra;jdh;. ];ngapd; ehl;L K];ypk;fs; vtUk; - ];ngapd; ehl;by; cs;s khw;W kjj;jtiu ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;F khwr; nrhy;yp ths; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; gpd;dhy; te;j fpwp];jth;fs; rpYitg; Nghh; vd;w ngahpy; ];ngapdpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; midtiuAk; mopj;jdh;. ,d;iwf;F ];ngapdpy; ,iwtid njhOtjw;F miof;fntd xU K];ypk; $l ,y;iy.

5. mNugpah;fspy; 1 NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw fpwp];Jth;fs;.
(Coptic Christians).

fle;j 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fs; Mz;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,ilapy; rpy Mz;Lfs; - gphpl;b\;fhuh;fSk; - rpy Mz;Lfs; gpnuQ;Rfhuh;fSk; muG jPgfw;gj;ij Mz;ldh;. Mdhy; nkhj;;jj;jpy; 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fNs Ml;rp nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; - ,d;W $l - 1NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw fpwp];Jth;fs;. (
Coptic Christians). ,];yhkpah;fs; thisf; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpj;J ,Ue;jhy; - ,d;iwf;F muG jPgfw;gj;jpy; xUth; $l fpwp];Jtuhf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;. midtUk; K];ypk;fhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jpUg;gh;.

6. ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPj kf;fs; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs!.

,e;jpahtpy; ,];yhkpah;fs; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf Ml;rp nra;jdh;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; - K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fis - jq;fsJ Ml;rp gyk; kw;Wk; gil gyk; nfhz;L ,];yhkpah;fshf khw;wpapUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fs;jhd;. ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; z;gJ rjtPj K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs - ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; my;y vd;gjw;F rhl;rpfshth;.

7. ,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;.

,d;iwf;F cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; ,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;jhd; mjpfkhd K];ypk;fis nfhz;Ls;s ehLfs;. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; ,e;NjhNd\pahtpw;Fk; - kNyrpahTf;Fk; nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd?.

8. Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfs;

mNj Nghd;W Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; ,];yhk; Jhpjkhf gutp ,Uf;fpwJ. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfSf;F nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd?.

9. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; eph;g;ge;jk; ,y;iy.

ve;j thshy; ,];yhk; gug;gg;gl;lJ?. mg;gb xU ths; ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhj;ij gug;Gtjw;fhf me;j this ,];yhkpah;fs; gad; gLj;jpapUf;fKbahJ. Vnddpy; fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; mjid njspthfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

(,];yhkpa) khh;f;fj;jpy; (vt;tifahd) eph;g;ge;jKk; ,y;iy: topNfl;bypUe;J Neh;top Kw;wpYk; (gphpe;J) njspthfptpl;lJ. (my;-Fh;Md; 02tJ mj;jpahak; - 256tJ trdk;)

10. mwpthh;e;j nfhs;if vd;Dk; ths;:

mwpthh;e;j nfhs;if vd;gJjhd; mw;j ths;. kdpjh;fspd; vz;zq;fisAk; - cs;sq;fisAk; nfhs;is nfhz;lJ mwpthh;e;j nfhs;if vd;w me;j ths;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 16tJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 125tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.
"(egpNa!) ck; ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; (kf;fis) tpNtfj;JlDk; mofpa cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ePh; miog;gPuhf!. mth;fsplj;jpy; kpf mofpa Kiwapy; ePh; jh;f;fpg;gPuhf!. nka;ahf ck; ,iwtd; mtd; topiatpl;Lj; jtwpath;fisAk; (mtd; topiar; rhh;e;J) Neh;top ngw;wth;fisAk; ed;F mwpthd;."

11. 1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;Ltiu fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; cyf kjq;fspd; tsh;r;rp.

fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; (1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;L tiu) cyfpy; cs;s Kf;fpa kjq;fspd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpa Gs;sptpgj;ij 1986 Mk; Mz;L HPlh;]; il[];l; gj;jpf;ifapd; Mz;L kyuhd "my;kdhf;" gj;jphpf;if ntspapl;bUe;jJ. Nkw;gb Gs;sptpguj;ij cs;slf;fpa fl;Liu "jp g;nsa;d; buj;" vd;w Mq;fpy gj;jphpf;ifapYk; ntspahfpapUe;jJ. cyf kjq;fspy; mjpfkhd tsh;r;rp mile;J Kjyplj;ij gpbj;jpUg;gJ ,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk. mjDila tsh;r;rp fle;j 50 Mz;Lfspy; 235 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ. fpwp];Jt khh;f;fk; 47 rjtPj tsh;r;rp mile;jpUe;jJ. yl;rf; fzf;fhdth;fis ,];yhj;jpy; khw;w Ntz;b ,e;j E}w;whz;by; ve;j Nghh; ele;jJ?.

12. mnkhpf;fhtpYk; - INuhg;ghtpYk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUfpwJ:

,d;W mnkhpf;fhtpy; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. mNj Nghy; INuhg;ghtpYk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. ve;j ths; Nkw;fj;jpah;fis eph;g;ge;jg;gLj;jp kpf mjpf mstpy; ,];yhj;jpy; ,izar; nra;jJ?.

13. lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d;

"xUehs; muGyfj;jpd; ifapy; mZMAjk; nrd;Wr; NrUk; vd;W ftiyg;gLgth;fs; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; mugfj;jpy; gpwe;j md;Nw ,];yhk; vd;w mZFz;L ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;lhfp tpl;lJ vd;gij czuj; jtwptpl;lhh;fs;." vd;W lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhd;dhh;.