tpQ

tpQ;Qhd xspapy; ,];yhk; - mwptpay;. V.Nf.mg;Ju;u`;khd;

<h;f;Fk; g+kp

gue;J tphpe;J fplf;Fk; ekJ g+kp khdpl cs;sq;fspy; jl;il tbtk; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ mJ vjd; kPJ epiy ngw;wpUf;fpwJ vd;w tpdhTk; voj;jhd; nra;jJ. ,jw;F tpil fhz Kad;w rpy fw;gid fhtpaq;fSk;> rpy Nghijf; fdTfSk; ekJ g+kpia gd;wpapd; %f;fpd; kPj epw;gjhff; fz;ld. NkYk; epy fw;gidfs; ekJ g+kpia xU kPdpd; thypd; kPJ epw;gjhfTk; fz;ld. Mdhy; me;j gd;wpAk;> kPDk; vjd; kPJ epw;fpd;wd vdj; njhlh;e;J tUk; Nfs;tpfs; mth;fspy; ngUk;NghNyhUf;F mg;NghJ Njitg;gltpy;iy.

Ntjid vd;dntd;why; ,e;j ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; $l ,j;jj;Jtq;fs;(?) khdplh;fshfpa ek;kpy; gyuhy; Ntjq;fs; vd;Nw Nghw;wp topglg;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gNjahFk;.

vijAk; mwptpay; Nehf;NfhL Ma;T nra;af; $bath;fs; gz;ilf;fhyk; njhl;Lf; fpNuf;fj;jpy; Njhd;wpdh;. mth;fspy; xUtuhfpa 'Njy];(Thales fp. K. 624 - 545) vDk; mwptpayhshpd; Ma;tpy; ekJ g+Nfhsk; tl;lkhd xU tpy;iyiag; Nghd;wJ (Just Like a Disk) vdf; fz;lhh;. mg;NghJk; me;j tpy;iy vjd;kPJ epw;fpwJ vd;w Nfs;tp vOe;jJ. ,jw;F mth; $wpa gjpy; me;j tpy;iy ePhpy; kpjf;fpwJ vd;gNjahFk;. Mdhy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; te;j mwptpayhsh; n`f;fhba]; - g+kp tpy;iy tbtk; vd;gij Mjhpj;J> Mdhy; me;j tpy;iytbt g+kp jz;zPhpy; kpjf;ftpy;iy vd;whh;. mNj Neuj;jpy; ekJ g+kp Mfhaj;jpy; vt;thW epiy ngw;wpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F mtUf;F tpilAk; njhpatpy;iy. MfNt mthplk; g+kp vjd;kPJ epw;fpwJ vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ mJ ehd;F J}z;fspd; kPJ epw;fpwJ vd 'N[hf;" mbf;f Ntz;ba epiyjhd; mtUf;F Vw;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; mfpyq;fSf;nfy;yhk;> Ngnuhspaha; te;j rj;jpaj; jpUkiwahk; J}a Fh;MDf;F ,g;gbg;gl;l 'N[hf;" mbf;f Ntz;ba epiy vJTk; mtrpaNkapy;iy.

Mfhaq;fSk;> g+kpAk; gilf;fg;gl;bUg;gjpy; ,g;gbg;gl;l J}z;fs; VJk; cz;lh? vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fj; jpUkiw Fh;Md; mspf;Fk; gjpiyg; ghUq;fs;! jpUkiw $WfpwJ:

'mtd; (my;yh`; - [y;) cq;fs; ghh;itapy; glf;$ba J}z;fs; vJTkpd;wp thdq;fisg; gilj;Js;shd;."(my;-Fh;Mdpd; 31tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; Yf;khdpd; 10tJ trdk;).

'cq;fs; ghh;itapy; glf;$ba J}z;fs; vJTkpd;wp my;yh`;jhd; thdq;fis cah;j;jpdhd;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; u/Jtpd; 2tJ trdk;).

,t;tpuz;L trdq;fSk; Mfhaq;fs; vjpYk; fz;fSf;Fg; GyzhFk; J}z;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy vdf; $Wfpd;wd. ,jpypUe;J g+kpf;Fhpa thdj;jpYk; J}z;fs; ,y;iy vdj; njspthfpwJ. vdNt g+kpf;Fhpa thdj;jpYk; J}z;fs; ,y;iy vd;gjhy; g+kp J}z;fspd; Nky; epw;fpwJ vd;w $w;W jtW vd;gNj jpUkiwapd; mwptpg;ghFk;.

,j;jpU trdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; NkYk; xU rpwg;gk;rj;ij ftdpAq;fs;. Mfhaq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;bUg;gjpy; vt;tpj J}z;fSk; ,y;iy vdTk;> vdNt mit vt;tpj gpbkhdKk; ,d;wpj; jhkhfNt epiy epd;W tUfpd;wd vdTk; jpUkiw $wtpy;iy. khwhf fz;fSf;Fg; GyzhFk; J}z;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy vd;Nw $Wfp;wJ. vdNt ,e;j trdq;fs; Mfhaq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;ljpYk; mit cah;e;J epw;gjpYk; fz;fSf;F Gyzhfj VNjh gpizg;G ,Ue;J tUfpwJ vd;gijNa Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,ijNajhd; etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfKk; mwptpay; Mjhuq;fshy; ep&gpj;J epw;fpwJ. (mz;lq;fs; ahTk; mtw;wpYs;s nghUl;fSk; Nguz;lj;jpd; <h;g;ghw;wyhy; - Universal Gravitation - jhd; epiy ngw;W tUtjhfj; njhlh; 4 kw;Wkk; 5y; fz;Nlhk;.)

jpUkiw Fh;Mdhy; kl;Lk; ,e;j mwptpaiy vt;thW ,t;tsT Jy;ypakhff; $w Kbe;jJ?. gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L tiu g+Nfhsk; Mfhaj;jpy; mirtw;wpUf;Fk; xU nghUs; vd;Wk;> vdNt mijj; jhq;fp epw;ff; $ba gUg;nghUs; - mJ ePNuh - J}Nzh - gd;wpNah - kPNdh - vJthapDk; rhp xd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; cyfk; gutyhf ek;gp te;jNghJ> Vohk; E}w;whz;bNyNa ,itfis kWj;J - Mfhaq;fs; ahTk; epiy epd;W tUtjd; rhpahd mwptpaiy jpUkiw Fh;Mdhy; kl;Lk; vt;thW $w Kbe;jJ?. vdNt ,t;Ntjk; nka;ahd ,iwtdpd; thh;j;ijfNsad;wp khdplf; fw;gidapy;iy vd;gij ,J Mjhug;gLj;jtpy;iyah?.

,d;Dkh ,t;Ntjk; khdplr; rpe;jidj; jpwdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vdf; $w KbAk;?. rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?.

rpe;jidj; jpwd; ngw;wth;fNs! mwptpay; mgpkhdpfNs! cq;fs; rpe;jidj; jpwDf;F NkYk; NkYk; tpUe;Njhk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,j;J}a kiwapd; kw;nwhU trdj;ijf; ftdpAq;fs;: jpUkiw $WfpwJ:

'mtd;jhd; (my;yh`; - [y;) cq;fSf;fhf ,e;j g+kpiaj; njhl;byhf Mf;fpdhd;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd; 43tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;J[; [_f;U/g; - d; 10tJ trdk;).

rj;jpaj; jpUkiw jdf;Nf chpa ctkhd cj;jpAld; g+Nfhsj;jpd; ,af;fj;ij vt;tsT njs;sj; njspthf $wp epw;fpwJ ghh;j;jPh;fsh?.

g+Nfhsj;jpd; ,af;fj;ij ,k;kpAk; gpioapd;wpg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L kdpjh;fshfpa ehk; ekJ g+Nfhsj;ij xU '

uq;f uhl;bzj;Jld;" xg;gpl;L $wpdhy; mjpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy. (G+Nfhsk; rw;Nw xU ePs; tl;lkhd ghijapy; ,aq;FfpwJ. Mdhy; uq;fuhl;bzk; Jy;ypakhf tl;l tbtj;jpy; ,aq;FfpwJ. vdNt g+Nfhsj;ij uq;fuhl;bzj;Jld; xg;gpLtjpy; xU rpW gpio Vw;gl;lhYk;> ctkhdk; vd;w tifapy; mg;gpio Gwf;fzpf;fj; jf;fNj). mNj Neuj;jpy; g+Nfhsk; mirtw;W epw;Fk; xU nghUs; vd;w fUjg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;> uq;fuhl;bzk; Nghd;w tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fis kf;fs; mwpe;jpuhj epiyapy; g+Nfhsj;ij xU njhl;bYf;F ctikahff; Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJ tpag;gpw;F Nky; tpag;igj; jUfpwJ.

xUth; njhl;biy Ml;Lk;nghOJ> njhl;by; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; mirfpwJ. mirAk; njhl;bypd; Kd; gf;f vy;iyapYk;> gpd; gf;f vyt;iyapYk; tisTfs; Vw;gLk;. vdNt Ml;lg;gLk; njhl;by; Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; tisTg; ghijapy; ,aq;Ftjhy; njhl;bypd; ,af;fk; xU ePs; tl;lg; ghijiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.

g+Nfhsk; jd;Dila ePs; tl;lg; ghijapy; ,aq;Ftijf; Fwpg;gpl ,ijf; fhl;bYk; rpwe;j [duQ;rfkhd Xh; ctkhdk; 7-Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,Ue;jpUf;f KbAkh? vd vz;zpg; ghh;j;jhy; Nkdp rpyph;f;ftpy;iyah?.

g+Nfhsj;jpd; ,af;fj;ij Vohk; E}w;whz;bNyNa xU njhl;bYf;F xg;gpl;Lf; fhl;ba xU E}iy khdplg; gilg;G vdf; $wj; Jzpgth; ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtiu Xh; mwptpay; mgpkhdpahf mwptpay; cyfk; vw;fhJ.

NkYk; ftdpAq;fs;! njhl;bnyhd;iwj; njhq;ftpl Ntd;Lnkd;why; fapW Njit. vdNt njhl;bNyhL xg;gplg;gl g+kpf;Fk; Xh; fapW NjitNa! mg;gbg;gl;l fapW VNjDk; cz;lh? vd mwptpayhsh;fisf; Nfl;lhy; mth;fs; 'Mk;! cz;L!" vd;Nw $Wfpwhh;fs;. #hpaDila <h;g;ghw;wy; vDk; fz;Zf;F Gyzhfhj fapWjhd; #hpadplkpUe;J g+Nfhsk; tpyfpg; Nghfkhy; njhq;f tplg;gl;lij Nghd;W jq;f itj;Js;sJ vd;W $Wfpwhh;fs;.

Mfhaq;fs; ahtw;wpYk; fhzg;gLk; gUg;nghUl;fs; midj;jpYk; ,ijg;Nghd;w <h;g;ghw;wy; nray; gl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;Wk; ,jd; fhuzkhfNt mit ahTk; tpyfpg; Nghfhky; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd vd;Wk; $Wk;NghJ rpyUf;F Xh; Iak; vof;$Lk;. tpz;zfg; gUg; nghUl;fs; midj;jpYk; <h;g;ghw;wy; nray;gLfpwJ vdpy; ekJ g+kpapYk; mg;gbg;gl;l <h;g;ghw;wy; nray;gLfpwJ vd;gNj mjd; nghUs;. Mdhy; g+kpiaj; jtpu Vida> nghUl;fspy; <h;g;ghw;wy; cz;lh? ,y;iyah? vd;gij ehk; Neubahf czu Kbahj NghjpYk; ekJ g+kpapy; mg;gbg;gl;l rf;jp xd;W ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mij ek;khy; czu Kbe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ehk; tho;tNj ,e;j g+kpapy;jhd;. ehk; ,g;NghJ capNuhL ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,we;J Nghd rlyk; xd;W g+kpapy; fple;jhy; mJ fple;j ,lj;jpNyNa fplf;Fk;. ,we;j cly; mirtjpy;iy. vdNt ,we;JNghd cly;fis g+kp <h;g;jhy;jhd; mit g+kpapd; kPJ jq;fp epw;fpd;wd vd ahNuDk; $wpdhy; mJ nka;ahfNth my;yJ ngha;ahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; capUs;s kdpjh;fspd; epiy epiy vd;d?. rlyq;fis <h;f;Fk; g+kp capUs;sitfis <h;f;fhjh?. capUs;sth;fisAk; g+kp <h;f;fpwJ vdpy;> ek;khy; elf;fTk; xlTk;> jhz;lTk;> Fjpf;fTk; KbfpwNj! ,it ahTk; vg;gbr; rhj;jpakhFk;?.

capUs;sitfisAk; g+kp <h;f;fpwJ vdpy; ehk; elf;f> Xl> Fjpf;f> fhy;ifs g+kpapypUe;J J}f;Fk;NghJ ekJ fhy;fis ve;j <h;g;ghw;wYk; ,Oj;Jg; gpbg;gjhf czutpy;iyNa! ,J Vd;?. vdNt g+kpf;F <h;g;ghw;wy; vz;L vd;gJ nka;jhdh?.

mwpthh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! ,e;j tpdhitf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> ,jw;F tpil Njb ,e;j mw;Gjj; jpUkiwapd; gf;fq;fisg; Gul;LNthk;. mJ toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jPh;Tk; tpsf;fKk; tpUg;G> ntWg;gpd;wp cz;ikia Vw;fj; JzpAk; ve;j xU mwptpay; gw;whsiuAk; jd;ghy; <h;j;J tpLk;: ,JNt nka;ahd ,iwNtjk; vdr; nrhy;y itf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. me;j [Pt trdq;fis ghh;f;Fk; Kd; ,q;F vOg;gpa tpdhtpw;Fhpa mwptpay; tpsf;fj;ij Kjyhtjhff; fhz;Nghk;.

capuw;witfis g+kp <h;f;fpwjh? ,y;yiah?. vd;gijg; Ghpw;J nfhs;s Kbahj NghjpYk; capUs;s ek;ik g+kp ek;ik <h;f;ftpy;iy vdf; fUJtJ jtW. capUs;sitfisAk; g+kp <h;f;fNt nra;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; capUs;s ek;khy; ,ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ,ayhjjw;F fhuzj;ij ehk; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ehk; g+kpf;Fhpath;fshfg; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. MfNt ekJ ,aw;gpay; mikg;G (Physical Condition) g+kpf;Nfw;w tifapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf g+kpapd; ,e;j <h;g;ghw;wy; xU ,Otpir Nghd;W ekJ rhjhuz tho;tpay; mirTfspy; czug;glhky; ek;ikg; nghWj;jtiu g+kpapd; xU mutizg;ghfNt czug;gLfpwJ. ehk; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; ekJ Mil Xh; ,jkhd mizg;ghf czug;gLfpwJ. ,Nj Milia xU rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; Nky; itj;jhy; mJ me;j rpl;Lf;FUtpf;F xU mizg;ghf ,Uf;fhJ. me;j rpl;Lf;FUtp g+kpNahL mOj;jg;gLk;. ,Nj epiyjhd; ek;kpy; xUth; tpahoDf;Fr; (Jupiter) nrd;whYk; Vw;gLk;. Vnddpy; mq;F g+kpiaf; fhl;bYk; 2.5 klq;F mjpfkhd <h;g;ghw;wy; nray; gLfpwJ. ,e;j Milapd; gSit xU rpw;nwWk;gpd; kPJ Vw;wpdhy; epiyik NkYk; tpghPjkhFk;. me;j vWk;G g+kpapd; kPJ eRf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j epiyjhd; ek;kpy; xUth; #hpaDf;Fr; nrd;whYk; Vw;gLk;. Vnddpy; mq;F ekJ g+kpiag; Nghd;W 28 klq;F mjpfkhd <h;g;ghw;wy; nray;gLfpwJ.

ehk; ekJ Milia xU ahidapd; kPJ Nghh;j;jpdhy; me;j ahidiag; nghWj;jtiu ,J xU mizg;ghf czug;glhJ. mJ xU njhL czh;thfj;jhd; ahdif;F ,Uf;Fk;. ,Nj epiyjhd; ek;kpy; xUth; epyTf;Fr; nrd;whYk; Vw;gLk;. Vnddpy; mq;Fs;s <h;g;ghw;wy; ekJ g+kpapy; ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk; 6.25 klq;F FiwT.

vdNt g+kpf;Fhpath;fshf> g+kpia xU tPl;ilg; Nghd;W gad;gLj;jf; $bath;fshf (ghh;f;f my;-Fh;Mdpd; 40tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; K/kpd; -d; 64tJ trdk;> 07tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; m/uh/g; - d; 10tJ trdk;) gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ekf;F g+kpapd; ,e;j <h;g;ghw;wy; g+kpapd; Xh; mutizg;ghfNt czug;gLfpwJ.

G+kpapd; ,e;j mutizg;ig ehk; cjhuzq;fs; thapyhf tpsq;fyhk;. je;ij xUth; jk; ike;jdpd; fuj;ijg; gw;wpathW filj; njUtpy; ele;J nry;fpwhh;. filj; njUit Ntbf;if ghh;j;jthW je;ijNahL ike;jd; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; tiu mtDf;Fg; gpur;id vJTkpy;iy. mNj Neuj;jpy; Ntbf;ifg; ghh;hj;jthW mtd; je;ijaplkpUe;J Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpw;F Nky; tpyfpr; nry;y Kad;why; je;ijapd; fuk; clNd mtid ,Oj;Jj; jd;ghy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mg;NghJjhd; je;ijapd; mutizg;gpy; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; kfd; jd; je;ijapd; ,e;j mutizg;ig ,Otpirahf czh;fpwhd;.

xU jhapd; khh;NghL mizf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; NrAk; ,jw;Nfhh; cjhuzkhFk;. jhapd; khh;gpy; fple;jthW xU Fwpg;gpl;l msTf;F mf;Foe;ijahy; kfpo;r;rpNahL nghq;f KbAk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; kfpo;r;rp kpifj;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;FNky; mf;Foe;ij jd; jhapd; khh;gpypUe;J nghq;fpnao epidj;jhy; clNd jhapd; fuk; mf;Foe;ijia NkYk; tYthf mizf;Fk;. mg;NghJjhd; mf;Foe;ij jd; jhapd; mizg;ig xU mOj;Jk; rf;jpahf czUk;.

,t;tpU cjhuzq;fisg; Nghd;Nw g+kpapd; kPJ elkhLk; capUs;sth;fspd; epiyAk; mike;Js;sJ. g+kpapd; kPJ elf;f> Xl> jhz;l> Fjpf;f KaYk; ve;j egiuAk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l J}uk;tiu g+kp mDkjpf;Fk;. mg;NghJ me;j egUf;F g+kp jd;id ,Og;gjhfNth my;yJ me;j ,Otpir jd;id g+kpapd; kPJ mOj;JtjhfNth njhpahJ. Mdhy; mNj kdpjd; xU gj;J kPl;lh; cauj;Jf;Ff; Fjpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh my;yJ jhz;l Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh Kad;why; me;j g+kp mk;kdpjid jd;ghy; ,Oj;J mizj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. ,jpypUe;J g+kpapd; mizg;G ve;j NeuKk; ek;kPJ nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gij ek;khy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

je;ijapd; fuj;jpYs;s ike;jd; je;ijAld; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gij Nghy> jhapd; khh;NghL mizf;fg;gl;l Nra; jhNahL nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gijg; Nghy g+kpNahL mizf;fg;gl;l ehk; g+kpNahL nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

,g;NghJ tpthpf;fg;gl;l tp\aq;fspypUe;J g+kpapd; <h;g;ghw;wy; ,we;Njhh;> capUs;Nshh; vd;w ghFghbd;wp ve;j NeuKk; g+kpapd; mutizg;ghf ek;kPJ nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Nlhk;. ,j;njspthd mbg;gilapy; ghpRj;jj; jpUkiw Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpapd; (Earth's Gravitation) gad;ghl;il vt;tsT ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhf ghuwpag; giu rhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; ghUq;fs;! jpUkiw $WfpwJ:

'capUs;sth;fisSk; ,we;jth;fisAk; mizj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; g+kpia ehk; Mf;ftpy;iyah?. md;wpAk; mjpy; cah;e;j kiyfisAk;> ehk; ehl;bNdhk;: ,dpikahd ePiuAk; Gfl;bNdhk;. (,t;thwhd Mjhuq;fs; cq;fs; Kd; ,Ue;Jk;> ,t;trdq;fs; ek;Kila thh;j;ijfs; ,y;iy vdf; $wp ,jpYs;sitfis) ngha;g;gpg;gth;fSf;F me;j ehspy; (jPh;g;G ehspy;) NfLjhd;!" (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; Kh;]yhj; - d; 25 Kjy; 28Mk; trdk; tiu).

mw;Gjky;yth epfo;j;jp epw;fpwJ ,e;j xg;gw;w thd;kiw! Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpapd; gad;ghl;il ,ijf; fhl;bYk; njspthfTk;> vspikahfTk; ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhfTk; tpsq;f itf;ff;; $ba thh;j;ijfis ek;Kd; vLj;jf; fhl;lf; $batd; ahh;?.

vq;F nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwPh;fs; ez;gh;fNs!. ek;kpy; rpyh; ,ij khdplf; fw;gidnad> mwptpaiy kjpf;ff; $ba xUtuhy; $w KbAkh?. g+Nfhsj;jpd; <h;g;ghw;wiyf; $Wk; trdj;ijr; njhlh;e;J kiyfisAk;> FbePiuAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwNj ,e;j mw;Gjj; jpUkiw! mjd; kh;kk;jhd; vd;d?. tphpit mQ;rp mij cq;fsJ mwptpay; rpe;jidf;Nf tpl;Ltpl;L tp\aj;ijj; njhlh;fpNwd;.

g+kpapd; kPJ gwf;Fk; gwitfs; g+kpAld; jLj;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd vdf; $wpa jpUkiw trdj;ij Kd; fl;Liuapy; Ma;T nra;Njhk;. thdpay; mwptpaypd; mw;Gjkhd NgUz;ikfis Xq;fpa Fuypy; Koq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j trdj;ijAk; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b 'vd;da;ah! csuy;? vy;yhk; rpWgps;isj; jdk;!" vdf; $wpath;fis ehk; fz;Ls;Nshk;. mijg;Nghd;W mg;gwitfis g+kpAld; jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rf;jpahfpa Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpia gw;wpf;$Wk; ,e;j trdj;ijAk; Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b 'g+kp ek;ik mutizf;fpwjh? ,njd;d csuy;? vdf; Nfl;L kiwe;J fplf;Fk; mth;fsJ mwptpay; mgpkhdj;ijAk;> Nkjhtpyhrj;ijAk; NkYk; NkYk; ntspg;gLj;jf; $bath;fs; ahNuDk; cz;lh?.

Vw;W Nghw;w Ntz;baitfis vs;sp eifj;jth;fspd; epiy vg;gb KbTw;wJ vd;gij $Wk; tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfs; ek;Kd; Vuhskhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdNt New;iwa tuyhWfspypUe;J ,d;W ghlk; gapyhjth;fs; ehisa tuyhw;wpd; fopTfshf khWthh;fs; vd;gJ jpz;zk;.

cz;ik vJNth mJ vq;fpUe;J te;jNghjpYk; mij Vw;Nwahf Ntz;Lk; vDk; mstpw;F cz;ikapd;ghy; gw;Ws;sth;fNs! ek;khy; Edpg;Gy; Nka KbahJ. rpe;jpg;gjw;F ek;Kd; tp\aq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdNt ehk; rpe;jpj;jhf Ntz;Lk;.

rpe;jpg;Nghk; ez;gh;fNs! Kd; fl;LiuapYk; ,f;fl;Liuapy; fz;l tp\aq;fis xUth; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; mtUf;F etPd thd; mwptpaypy; vd;ndd;d tp\aq;fs; cs;sd vd;gJ njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?.

Kjyhtjhf mtUf;F g+Nfhsk; Mfhaj;jpy; mirtw;wpUf;Fk; xU nghUsd;W. khwhf fzKk; Xahky; xU ePs; tl;lg;ghijapy; Rod;Nwhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU nghUs; vdj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,uz;lhtjhf> g+Nfhsj;jpd; ,e;jr; RoNyhl;lk; fhuzkhf mjd; kPJ gwf;Fk; gwitfs; tpNdhjkhd ,lg; ngah;r;rpfisAk;> g+kpapypUe;J njhiye;J NghtijAk;> g+kpapd; kPJ Vw;gLk; NkhjiyAk; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gLk; vd;gijAk; mth; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

%d;whtjhf Gtptho; caphpdq;fSf;F ,t;tifahd ,ila+Wfs; Vw;glh tz;zk; jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mwGjkhd rf;jp xd;W mjpy; nray;gLfpwJ vd;Wk; mr;rf;jp g+kpNahL ek;ik mutizj;Jr; nry;yf; $ba 'Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpNa" vd;gJk; mtUf;Fj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ehd;ftjhf> mfpyk; KOtJk; <h;g;Gr; rf;jp nray;gLfpwJ vd;Wk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; mJ fz;Zf;Fg; Gydhfhj xU rf;jpNa vd;Wk; mth; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vz;zpg; ghUq;fs;! ,j;J}aj; jpUkiw ,iwtDila thh;j;ijfs; ,y;iynad;why; - ,J khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; Ra fw;gidNanad;why; - etPd thdpaypd; ,e;j mwptpay; NgUz;ikfs; mtUf;F vg;gbj; njhpe;jd?.

me;j khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; xU khngUk; tpQ;Qhdp. mth; fz;Lgpbj;j cz;ikfisj;Jk;> gpwF te;jth;fs; fhg;gp mbj;jhh;fs; vd;W nrhy;yg; Nghfpwhh;fsh?.

vg;ghLgl;lhtJ ,f;Fh;Mid ngha;g;gpj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w ntwpapy; ,g;gbf;$l ahNuDk; $wpdhYk; tpag;gjw;fpy;iy.

Fh;Md; ,iwNtjkpy;iy! mJ K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fspd; gilg;G vdf; $Wgth;fspy; ahh; mwptpay; rpe;jid ngw;wth;fNsh mth;fs; jq;fsJ $w;iw kWghprPyid nra;a Ntz;ba fhyk; vg;NghNjh te;J tpl;lJ. mf;fhhpaj;ij ePq;fs; nra;ahky; njhlh;e;J mNj FuiyNa xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhy;> cq;fs; $w;wpy; ePq;fs; Neh;ikahdth;fs; vd;W $wTk; nra;jhy;> midj;jpw;Fk; Kd;djhf ePq;fs; xU fhhpak; nra;af; flik gl;bLs;sPh;fs;.

khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fspd; gilg;ghf ePq;fs; vijf; $WfpwPh;fNsh mjpy; fhzg;gLk;> thdpay;> Gtpapay;> caphpay;> Nguz;ltpay; Nghd;w vd;ndd;d Jiwfis gw;wpa mwptpay; cz;ikfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdNth> me;j mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; vitnait mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; te;j tpQ;Qhdpfshy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;ldNth mit ahTk; khkdpjh; K`k;kj;(]y;) mth;fshy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;litfNs md;wp> ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; ek;gpf; nfhz;bUg;gijg; Nghd;W rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpQ;Qhdpfshy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gltpy;iy vdg; gfpuq;fkhfg; ghuwpag; gpuflzk; nra;a Ntz;bath;fshf ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;.

,t;thW ePq;fs; nra;ahjtiu cq;fisg; gw;wp ePq;fs; Neh;ikahsh;fs; vdf; $WtJ eifg;gpw;Fhpa fhhpakhFk;.

,Uk;igg; nghopAk; thdk;!

khdpl rKjhak; Kjyhtjhfg; gad;gLj;jpa cNyhfk; vJ vd;w tpdhtpw;F 'jq;fk;" vd;w tpag;gpw;Fhpa gjpiyj;jhd; ehk; ngWfpNwhk;. Vida cNyhfq;fisg; Nghd;W jq;fk; gpw cNyhf jhJf;fSld; (Minerals) ,ize;J tplhky; Rj;j epiyapy; fpilg;gjhy; mijj; jhJf;fspypUe;J gphpj;njL;g;gJ vspJ. vdNt Kjyhtjhf khdplg; gad;ghl;bw;Fs; jq;fk; FbNawptpl;lJ.

,jw;fLj;jgbahf nrk;Gk;> mjd; $l;Lg; nghUshfpa (Alloy) ntz;fyk; kw;Wk; gpj;jis Mfpait khdplg; gad;ghl;bw;F tUfpd;wd. ,jw;F mLj;j gbahfj;jhd; ,Uk;ig gad;gLj;j kdpjd; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhd;.

jpUkiw ,wq;fpa fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,Uk;gpd; gad;ghL kpff; FWfpa vy;iyf;Fs; mlq;fpapUe;jJ. ntl;L thl;fs;> <l;bfs;> mk;GKidfs;> Nghd;w gz;ilf;fhy kf;fspd; gilf; fUtpfSk;> ntl;Lf; fj;jpfs;> Vh;Kidfs; Nghd;w tpuy;tpl;L vz;zf; $ba tptrhaf; fUtpfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;FNk ,Uk;igg; gad;gLj;j kdpjd; mwpe;jpUe;jhd;.

,g;gbg;gl;l fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;j cyfk; milag;NghFk; ,Uk;gpd; gad;ghl;ilg; gw;wp tpaf;fj;jf;fNjhh; Kd;dwptpg;Gld; ,wq;fp tUfpwJ thd;kiw Fh;Md;. Fh;Md; $WfpwJ:

',Uk;igAk; ehNk ,wf;fpNdhk;. mjpy; kdpjh;fSf;F ngUk; gad;ghLfSk; kpf;f typikAk; cz;L" (my;-Fh;Mdpd; 57tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; `jPj; - d; 25tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjp).

xU fl;il tz;bahtJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mjw;Fr; rf;fug; gl;ilfSk;> ,URfSk; nra;tjw;fhtJ ,Uk;G gad;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; md;iwa mNugpa kf;fspd; nghUl;fisr; Rke;jJ fOijfs;> Fjpiufs;> xl;lfq;fs; Nghd;w tpyq;Ffspd; KJnfYk;ghFk;. Nftyk; xU fl;il tz;b$lf; fhzf; fpilf;fhj fhy fl;lj;jpy; gpwe;J tsh;e;j xU kdpjuhy; ,d;iwa cyfk; mile;jpUf;Fk; ,Uk;G vDk; cNyhfj;jpd; khngUk; gad;ghl;ilAk;> mjdhy; ehk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; tpaj;jF Nguhw;wiyAk; fw;gid nra;J ghh;j;jpUf;f KbAkh?.

md;iwa cyfKk;> ,d;iwa cyfKk; mile;jpUf;Fk; ,Uk;gpd; gad;ghl;ilAk;> typikiaAk; xg;gpl;Lf;fhl;l kiyf;Fk;> kLTf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrk; vdf; $wg;gLk; mynfy;yhk; ekf;Fg; Nghjtpy;iy. ,uz;L fhy fl;lq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghL ,jdpDk; nghpJ!. mg;gbnad;d nghpa gad;ghLk; typikAk; ,e;j mw;g cNyhfj;jhy; ehk; mile;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W ve;j eguhYk; tpdh vOg;g ,ayhj mstpw;F ,e;j mw;g cNyhfk; midj;Jg; gad;ghLfspYk;> typikfspYk; NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth Mjhug;gl;L epw;fpwJ.

rhd;whf ,f;fl;Liuia ilg; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fk;a+l;lhpd; fP Nghh;L> mjid gjpe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; `hh;L b];f;> mJ gjptjw;F Jizahf ,Uf;Fk; fk;a+l;lh;> mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; Mrdk; Nghd;w ve;j xd;WNk ,Uk;gpd; cjtpapd;wp jahhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,f;fl;Liuia ilg; nra;j gpd; - mJ 'my;[d;dj;Jf;fg"; Ngha;r; NrUk;tiu ,jNdhL njhlh;Gila midj;jpYk; ,Uk;G. ,ijg; gbg;gjw;fhf mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; cq;fisr; Rw;wp Nehl;lkpLq;fs;. mitfspd; ve;j xd;wpd; jahhpg;gpyhtJ ,Uk;G Neub %yg;nghUl;fshfNth (Raw Materials) my;yJ mitfisj; jahhpf;Fk; fUtpfshfNth (Tools and Equipments or its Plants) gad;glhky; ngwg;gl;Ls;sdth?.

rikay; fl;Lfspy; $l kz;ghj;jpuq;fs;> kug; ghj;jpuq;fs;> Njhy; JUj;jpfs; Nghd;wit gad;gl;L te;j fhyj;jpy; ,wq;fpa mUshsdpd; thh;j;ijfis ep&gpf;Fk; nghUl;L ,d;iwa ehl;fspy; ekJ rikaw;fl;Lfis myq;fhpf;Fk; nghUl;fs;jhk; vj;jid?. mLg;gpypUe;J Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;btiu midj;jpYNk ,Uk;G FbNawptpltpy;iyah?.

fpzW vd;w ngahpy; Fop Njhz;bf; nfhz;bUe;j (Wells with very shallow depth) flg;ghiufs; JisapLk; ,ae;jpuq;fshf (Rigs) khwpaTld; ghiw Jisj;J> ghjhsk; fz;L> vz;nza; ngw;W ehk; mile;jpUf;Fk; gad;ghLk;> typikAk;jhd; vj;jid? vj;jid?.

Vh;Kidf;F gad;gl;l ,Uk;G> buhf;lh;fshfp> kz;ntl;bfs; Gy;Nlh]h;fshfp> mizf;fl;Lfshfp> kpd;rhuk; ngw;W ehk; mile;jpUf;Fk; gad;ghLfSk;> typikfSk; vt;tsT gpuk;khz;lkhdit?.

xU kpjptz;biaf; $l ngw;wpUf;fhj kdpjh;fisf; fhl;bYk;> #g;gh;rhdpf; tpkhdq;fspy; gwf;Fk; ehk; typik ngw;wth;fs; my;yth?. xU mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ijf; $l fw;gid nra;ahjth;fisf; fhl;bYk;> fk;a+l;lh;fis ifg;igfspy; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ehk; vt;tsT nghpa typikiag; ngw;W tpl;Nlhk;!. GwhtpL J}Jfis elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jth;fisf; fhl;bYk;> nraw;ifj; Jizf; Nfhs;fspd; JizAld; ,izaq;fisAk; (Internet) ,izaq;fspd; Jizahy; tiykidfisAk; (Web Sites) kpd;dQ;ry;fisAk; (e-mail) ngw;wpUf;Fk; ehk; mile;Jtpl;l gad;ghLfisAk; typikfisAk; vz;zpj; njhiyaf; $Lkh?.

,g;gl;baiy ,j;Jld; epWj;jhtpl;lhy; thh;j;ijg; gQ;rKk;> fhfpjg; gQ;rKk; Vw;gLk; mstpw;F ,Uk;gpd; gad;ghLk;> mjdhy; ehk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; typikAk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis vOj Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. vdNt gl;baypLk; Ntiyia thrfh;fsplk; tpl;L tpLNthk;. RUq;ff; $wpdhy; njUNthu Nrhjpldpd; fpspf; $z;LfspypUe;J> gpujkh;fspd;> mjpgh;fspd; ug;gh; ];lhk;Gfs; tiu gad;gl;bUg;gJ ,Uk;G. gl;lhf;fil nrUg;Gj; njhopyhspapd; ve;jpuj;jpypUe;J> lhl;lhf;fspd; njhopw;rhiyfs; tiu midj;Jk; ,Uk;gpdhy; typik ngw;witfNs!.

gilf;fsj;jpYk;> tay;ntspfspYk; kl;LNk gad;glf; $ba ntWk; iff;fUtpahf ,Uk;G gad;gl;L te;j fhyj;jpy; fw;gidf; fz;fshy; $l fw;gpjk; nra;a Kbahj msT ,Uk;gpd; gad;ghLfisAk;> typikfisAk;> Kd;dwptpj;j J}a Fh;MDila trdj;ij ep&gpf;f tuyhw;Wg; NgUz;ikfs; muq;;Nfwpf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; ,ijnay;yhk; tpOq;fptpLk; tifapy; ,jNdhL Nghl;bapl tUfpd;wd mwptpay; ep&gzq;fs;. mwptpay; md;gh;fNs! me;j mw;Gj rhl;rpaj;jpd;ghy; jq;fsJ ftdj;ij xU fzk; jpUg;Gq;fs;!.

ehk; Ma;tpw;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;l mjpaw;Gj trdj;ij kPz;Lk; xUKiw Mokhff; ftdpAq;fs;! mJ ',Uk;igAk; ehNk ,wf;fpNdhk;" vd;W $WfpwJ.

tpag;Gf;F Nky; tpag;ig Mo;j;Jk; trdk; ,J! kioiag; gw;wpf; $wg;gLfpd;w ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; kioia ,iwtd; ,wf;Ftjhff; $Wfpwhd;. kio nka;ahfNt g+kpf;F ,wq;fp tuf; $ba xd;W vd;gJ mwptpay; Ma;T Njitg;glhj tifapy; midtuhYk; ghh;j;J mwpag;gLfpwJ! Mdhy; ,Uk;igAk; mtNd ,wf;fpajhf ,e;j trdj;jpy; $Wfpwhd;! mg;gbahdhy; ,Uk;igAk; Mfhak; nghopfpwjh?. mnjd;d ,Uk;igg; nghopAk; thdkh?.

vq;fs; mjpaw;Gj ,ul;rfNd! ,d;Dk; vd;ndd;d mw;Gjq;fisnay;yhk; cd;J}a trdj;ij ep&gpf;Fk; tifapy; eP epfo;j;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwha;?. ,d;Dk; vd;ndd;d mw;Gjq;fisnay;yhk; cd; jpUtrdq;fspy; eP nfhl;b tij;jpUf;fpwha;?. vq;fs; nrtpfspYk;> fz;fspYk;> ,jaf;fkyq;fspYk; NkYk; NkYk; cd; Ngnuhspahy; epug;Gthahf!.

etPd thdpay; ty;Ydh;fNs! Gtp,urhaztpayhsh;fNs! vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ePq;fs;?. ,Uk;Gk; ,wf;fg;gl;ljhf ,g;Nguz;lj;jpd; Vfhjpgjpahd my;yh`;([y;) $wpa gpwFk; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf ve;j tpQ;QhdpahYk; $l ,e;j mw;gg; NgUz;ikia fz;Lgpbf;f Kbatpy;iyNa! ePq;fs;jhk; etPd cyfpd; tpq;Qhdpfshapw;Nw! cs;sij cs;sgb fhl;Lk; cq;fs; Nrhjidf; $lq;fspy; FLitfspy; ,j;J}a trdj;ij ep&gpg;gjw;Fhpa rhl;rpahf ePq;fs; vijf; fz;Bh;fNsh mjidg; ghuwpag; giwrhw;Wq;fs;!.

,Uk;Gk; ,wf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wpa ,j;J}a trdk; ngha;f;fyg;gw;w mwptpay; NgUz;ikNa vdg; giwrhw;WfpwJ etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; Gtp,urhazj;Jiw (Geo Chemistry)! vg;gb vd;w tpdhtpw;F tpsf;fkspf;f rhl;rp $z;il Nehf;fpg; NgUtifNahL XNlhb tUfpwhh; ekJ gioa ez;gh; 'tpz;fy;" (Meteorite) mth;fs;!.

ekJ Kd;Ndhh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Nghh;f; fUtpfisj; Nrhjidr; rhiyfspy; gFg;gha;T nra;J ghh;j;j tpQ;Qhdpfs; xU tpaf;fj;jF tp\aj;ijf; fz;Zw;whh;fs;. mjhtJ mth;fs; gad;gLj;jpa fUtpfspy; ,Uk;Gld; (Iron) epf;fYk; (Nickel) Nfhghy;Lk; (Gobalt) fye;jpUg;gijf; fz;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; g+kpapy; ,ay;ghff; fpilf;Fk; jhJg; nghUl;fspy; ,Uk;Gld; Nkw;fz;l cNyhfq;fs; fye;jpUg;gjpy;iy. g+kpapy; fpilf;fhj ,g;nghUs; ekJ gz;ilf;fhy kf;fSf;F vg;gbf; fpilj;jJ? Ntw;Wf; fpufq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W nfhs;Kjy; nra;J te;jpUg;ghh;fNsh? mg;gbnay;yhk; ,y;iy. mjw;Fhpa tpil vdf;Fs; ,Uf;fpwJ vdf; $WfpwJ etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; tpz;fy; mwptpay; (Meteoric Astronomy).

tpz;fw;fspd; Njhw;wj;ijr; RUf;fkhfg; ghh;g;Nghk;. Mfhaj;jpYs;s gUg;nghUl;fs; cUthtjw;F Kd; Mfhankq;Fk; xNu J}Rg; glyj;jhy; epuk;gpa Gif kz;lykhf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;Gif kz;lyj;jpd; kpf kpfr; rpwpa Jfs;fs; xd;NwhL xd;W ,ize;J rpWfr; rpWfg; nghpjhfp tpz;zpYs;s el;rj;jpuq;fs; <whf mizj;Jg; gUg; nghUl;fisAk; cUthf;fpd. ,e;j epfo;r;rpg; Nghf;F eilngw;W tUk;nghOJ rpWfr;> rpWfg; nghpjhfp Nfhyp (Pebble) msNthL epd;Wtpl;l nghUl;fSk; cz;L. NtW rpy nghUl;fs; ifasT nghUl;fshf> NkYk; rpy ngUk; ngUk; ghwhq;fy;> Fd;Wfs;> kiyfs; mstpw;Fg; nghpjhfp tpz;zpy; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghUl;fSk; cz;L. ,itfNs tpz;fw;fs; vd;gJ tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; cs;s fUJNfhs;.

xOq;fhd ghijapy; Rod;W tUk; ngUk; ngUk; Nfhs;fs; ntbg;gjhYk;> kpfTk; rpf;fyhd ghijfspy; (Very Complicated Orbit) Rod;WtUk; FWq;Nfhs;fspd; Nkhjy;fspypUe;Jk; tpz;fw;fs; cUthfpd;wd vd;gJ kw;nwhU fUJNfhs;. thy; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; rpijTfspypUe;J ,it cUthfpd;wd vd;gJ NkYk; xU fUJNfhs;. ,k;%d;W fUJNfhs;fSf;Fk; Mjhuq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; ,k;%d;W topKiwfspYk; mit cUthfp tUtjhf kw;Wk; xU fUJNfhs;.

,q;F $wg;gl;l ehd;F fUJNfhs;fspy; vJ cz;ikahapDk; rhp> my;yJ ,itay;yhj Ie;jhtJ xd;Nw fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lhYk; rhp> tpz;fw;fspd; midj;J tiffisAk; g+kp ngWfpwJ vd;gJ kl;Lk; ep&gpf;fg;gl;l cz;ik.

xOq;fhd ghijapd;wp tpz;zpy; rpjwp XLk; rpw;WUtk; nfhz;l tpz;fw;fs; 'gy;Nr\d; jpahpf;Ff;" (Pulsation Theory) fl;Lg;glhky; #hpaid Nehf;fpr; nry;tjhy; mit g+kpf;F tUtjpy;iy vd Kd;dh; fz;Nlhk;. Mdhy; ,k;khjphpr; rpw;WUtk; nfhz;l nghUl;fSk; g+Nfhsk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,jd; tbtikg;gpy; NtW xU epfo;r;rpg; Nghf;F eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

mjhtJ nfhl;ba %l;ilapypUe;J rpjwp XLk; ney;ypf;fha;fisg;Nghy tpz;fw;fspd; mUtpg; gputhfq;fs; kpf eP;z;l Kl;il tbt (Ellips) ghijapy; #hpaidr; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd. mitfspd; ngah;g; gl;baYk;> mitfs; g+kpiaj; jhf;Fk; NjjpfSk; ,j;Jld; ,izj;Js;Nshk;.
1. yahpl;]; Lyrids Vg;uy; 21
2. mf;thhpl;]; Aqarids Nk 06
3. l;uhNfhdpl;]; Draconids [_d; 06> mf;Nlhgh; 10.
4. ngh;]pl;]; Perseids mf;Nlhgh; 10
5. xhpNahdpl;]; Orionids mf;Nlhgh; 18
6. lhhpl;]; Taurids etk;gh; 11
7. Md;l;unkbl;]; Andromedits etk;gh; 14

,tw;wpy; kzw;JspapypUe;J> Nfhyp tiuapyhd rpw;WUtq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sd. ,e;j mUtpg; gputhfk; gy;yhapuk; fp.kP.gUkd; nfhz;lit. ,itfs; jq;fsJ ghijapypUe;J tpyfp g+kpia Nehf;fp tUtjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;j g+kp jhDk; #hpaidr; Rw;wp tuf;$ba Nfhshf ,Ug;gjhy; g+Nfhsj;jpd; #hpa tyk; ,e;j tpz;fw;fspd; ghijapy; FWf;fpLfpwJ. clNd ,e;j g+Nfhsk; xU khngUk; fy;khhpiag; ngWfpwJ. vdNt ,f;fy;khhpapd; thapyhfr; rpw;WUtk; nfhz;l tpz;;fw;fisAk; g+Nfhsk; ng;wW tpLfpwJ.

NgUUtk; nfhz;l tpz;fw;fs; ,g;NghJ ngUthhpahf g+kpapd; kPJ tpOk; epiy ,y;iynad;whYk; rpy kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dhy;tiu njhlh;e;J g+kpapy; tpOe;J nfhz;bUe;jd. vdNt tpz;fw;fs; thapyhf ,Jtiu vz;zw;w ,Uk;G kiofis g+kp ngw;Ws;sJ.

,jw;F rkPgj;jpa cjhuzkhf 1947Mk; tUlk; gpg;uthp khjk; ,uz;lhk; Njjp md;W u\;ahtpd; rpf;Nfhj;Nj mypd;];fpy; (Sikote - Alinsk) tpOe;j fy;iy vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,f;fy;Yk; ,Uk;G tifiar; rhh;e;j tpz;fy;NyahFk;. (tpz;fw;fspy; kw;nwhU tifAk; cz;L. mJ ,Uk;Gf;Fg; gjpy; rpypf;fid (Silicon) nfhz;l tpz;fw;fshFk;.)

,f;fy; g+kpapy; tpOk;nghOJ Vida tpz;fw;fisg; Nghd;W fhw;W kz;lyj;jpy; NkhjpaTld; Jz;L Jz;lhfr; rpjwp tpLfpwJ. rpjwpa Jz;Lfs; kP;z;Lk; fhw;W kz;lyj;jpy; CLUtp tUk;nghOJ xNu xU Jz;ilj; jtpu Vida ahTk; Kw;whf vhpe;J tpLfpwJ. vQ;rpa xU xU Jz;L kl;Lk; g+kpia neUq;fp mjd; kpf typikkpf;f khwh ntg;g epiy kz;lyj;jpy; (06tJ fl;Liuia ghh;f;fTk;) NkhjpaJk; mj;Jz;L rpjWz;L gy Jz;Lfshf g+kpiaj; jhf;fpaJ. ,jdhy; g+kpapd; kPJ 75 mb tpl;lk; nfhz;l 120 gs;sq;fisj; (Craters) Njhw;Wtpj;jJ.

,g;gs;sq;fspy; ftdkhfj; NjbnaLj;jjpy; fpilj;j nghUl;fspy; 4 rjtPjk; epf;fYk;> rpwpjsT Vida cNyhfq;fSk; vQ;rpa ngUk;gFjp ,Ug;ghfTk; ,Ue;jd. vdNt tpz;fw;fs; thapyhf g+kpf;F Vuhskhd ,Uk;G ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJk; ,wf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;W $wp etPd thdtpay; kw;Wk; Gtp ,urhazj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;j mwptpay; NgUz;ikfs; J}a Fh;Md; kpf kpf epr;rakhf khdpl rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;l NtjNk vd ep&gpj;J epw;fpd;wd.

etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; mwptpay; md;gh;fNs! fl;GyZf;F mg;ghw;gl;l ve;j tp\aj;ijAk; ek;g Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;F mwptpay; Mjhuk; cz;lh vdg; gFj;jwpAk; gz;Gila mwpTrhy; Md;Nwhh;fNs! ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh? etPd tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpd; Ma;tfr; Nrhjidf; Flitfspy; kl;LNk fUTw;w Gtp ,urhazj;jpd; ,ufrpaq;fnsy;yhk; njhd;ik kpf;f 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; tho;e;j gbg;gwptpy;yh ghiytd thrpfspd; thapypUe;J [ddnkLj;jpUf;f KbAkh?.

fUTWk; Kd;Nd gpwg;gJ rhj;jpakh?

rhj;jpak; vdf; $wf; $ba ve;j egUk; fPo;g;ghf;fj;jpy; FbapUf;f Ntz;bath;fsy;yth?.

fUTWk; Kd;Ng gpwf;ftpy;iy vd;wpUe;Jk; $l etPd Gtp ,urhazk; fUTWk; Kd;Nd mjd; ,ufrpaq;fs; jpUkiwf; Fh;Mdpy; gpwg;ngLj;jJ vg;gb?. ,jw;F NkYk; ,j;J}a kiwia khdpl rf;jpf;Fl;gl;lJ vdf; $WtJ mwptpaiyAk;> mwptpayhsh;fisAk; ,opj;Jiuf;Fk; nrayhFk; vd;gij ePq;fs; czh;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhkh?. rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh ez;gh;fNs! ePq;fs;?.

G+ fhe;j kz;lyk;!

fz;Zf;F ,ikNghy ,t;itafk; fhf;f> ty;y ,iwtdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ tsp kz;lyf; $iu. fzKk; jg;ghky; #hpadplkpUe;J gha;e;J tUk; Gw Cjhf; fjph;fspypUe;J (,ijg; gw;wpa tpguk; ,d;\h my;yh`; mLj;j fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;) tpz;fy; nghopTfspypUe;J g+Tyifg; ghJfhf;f> Nguz;lg; gilg;ghsspd; mUq;flhl;rq;fspy; xd;wha;> mtdJ GfNohjpg; Ghpa itf;Fk; mw;Gj mj;jhl;rpaha; g+kpf;F ftrkpl;L epw;fpwJ ,e;j mw;Gjf; $iu. jhd; gilj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j mhpa caph;f; ftrj;ijg; gw;wp mtdJ jpUtrdq;fspy; xd;W ,t;thW $WfpwJ:

'thdj;ij ehk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l $iuahf mikj;Njhk;. vdpDk; mth;fs; (epuhfhpg;Nghh;) mjpYs;s mj;jhl;rpfisg; Gwf;fzpf;fpd;whh;fs;." (my;-Fh;Md; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah - 32tJ trdk;).

cs;sij cs;sgb xg;Gf;nfhs;Sk; etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; mwptpay; md;gh;fisg; ngU tpag;Gld; ,j;jpUkiwapd;ghy; ghh;itfisj; jpUg;g itf;Fk; Mokhd mwptpay; cz;ikfisg; giwrhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; trdq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W!.

g+Nfhsj;jpw;Fj;jhd; gpur;idfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. vdNt mg;gpur;idfspypUe;J ghJfhf;f mjw;F xU $iu Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf gyk; kpf;f $iuahf mjw;F tsp k;zlyk; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij ehk; Kd;dh; fz;Nlhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j trdj;jpy; g+Nfhsj;ijg; ghJfhf;f ve;j $iu toq;fg;gl;ljhf jpUkiw $WfpwNjh rhl;rhj; me;j $iuNa xU ghJfhf;fg;gl;l nghUshf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

g+kpiaf; fhf;f te;j $iuf;Nf ghJfhg;Gj; Njitnad;why; ,f;$iuf;Ff; $lg; gpur;idfs; Vw;gLfpd;wdth? gpur;idfs; VJk; ,y;iynad;why; ghJfhg;Gg; gzpAk; Njitapy;iy vd;gjhy; $iuf;F gpur;idfs; cz;L vd;gij ,t;trdk; $WfpwJ. mj;Jld; mg;gpur;idfSf;Fj; jPh;tpd;wp mNj epiyapy; ekJ $iuiatpl;L tplkhy; mjw;Fhpa ghJfhg;Gk;> mjw;fspf;fg;gLfpwJ vdTk; ,t;trdk; $WfpwJ!. mg;gb vd;d gpur;idfis ekJ $iu re;jpf;f Neh;fpwJ?.

xtnthU ehSk; xt;nthU nghOJk; ehk; ekJ $iuiag; ghh;f;fj;jhNd nra;fpNwhk;. ek; fz;fSf;nfy;yhk; njhpahj ,e;j tsp kz;ly ,ufrpak; 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; thoe;jth;fspd; fz;fSf;F kl;Lk; vg;gbj; njhpe;jpUf;f KbAk;? vdNt rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; ,f;$w;W nka;nad;why; mJ xd;Nw ,k;khkiw Fh;Md; khdpl rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;l thh;j;ijfs; vd;gjw;Fg; NghJkhd MjhukhfptpLk;. vdNt ekJ $iuf;Fg; gpur;idfs; cz;L vdf; $wpa jpUkiwapd; $w;iwg; gw;wp mwptpayhsh;fspd; epiy vg;gb ,Ue;jJ vdg; ghh;g;Nghk;.

gyk; kpf;f ekJ $iu gytPdkhd fhw;Wj; Jfs;fshfy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. fhw;W vd;gJ ntw;wplj;ij Nehf;fpg; guTk; ,ay;igf; nfhz;lJ. ekJ fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; filaLf;fhk; Gwntsp kz;lyj;jpw;f;F mg;ghy; ntw;wplk; (Vaccum) fhzg;gLfpwJ. vdNt ntw;wplj;ij Nehf;fpg; guTk; ,ay;gpdhy; fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; filaLf;fhfpa Gwntsp kz;lyk; ghJfhg;gw;W ntw;wplj;ij Nehf;fpg; gutp mz;l ntspapy; rpjwp nry;fpwJ vd;gNj mwptpayhsh;fspd; fUj;jhf ,Ue;jJ.

Mdhy; Ke;ija njhlh;fspy; g+kpf;F <h;g;ghw;wy; vDk; Xh; mhpa rf;jp cz;L vd;Wk; me;j Mw;wypd; thapyhf g+kp jdf;F ntspNa xU Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpy; cs;s nghUl;fisj; jd;ghy; <h;j;Jg; gpbf;fpwJ vd;Wk; jpUkiwapypUe;J tpsf;fk; fz;NlhNk! ,e;j <h;g;ghw;wy; fhw;W kz;lyj;jpy; guTfpwJ vd;gijAk; mNj jpUkiwapypUe;J tpsq;fpNdhNk! vdNt g+Nfhsj;jpd; ,e;j <h;g;ghw;wy; mz;lntspapy; rpjwpr; nry;Yk; fhw;wZf;fisj; jd;ghy; <h;j;J mitfisr; rpjwpg; Nghfhky; jLf;fhjh vdf; Nfl;lhy; tpQ;Qhdpfspd; $w;W tpag;gpy; ek;ik Mo;j;JfpwJ.

fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; filaLf;F #hpadplkpUe;J jq;F jilapd;wp xspf; fjph;fisg; ngWtjhy; ,e;j mLf;fpy; ntg;gk; kpifj;J tpLfpwJ. ntg;gk; kpifg;gjhy; ,J Gtp <h;g;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLk; jd;ikia ,oe;J tpLfpwJ. vdNt Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpahy; ,e;j mLf;if <h;j;Jg; gpbf;f ,ayhj fhuzj;jhy; ,J ghJfhg;gw;W mz;l ntspapy; rpjwpr; nry;fpwJ vdf; $wp te;jdh; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhy tpQ;Qhdpfs;.

ehk; ,q;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l trdk; 'ghJfhf;fg;gl;l $iuapy; cs;s mj;jhl;rpfis epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; Gwf;fzpg;ghh;fs;" vdf; $Wtij fz;Nlhk;. ekJ $iu ghJfhf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W tpQ;Qhdpfs; $w;Wf;$l mj;jhl;rpfis Gwf;fzpf;Fk; eltbf;ifj;jhNdh? jpUkiwapd; ,e;j trdj;ij ep&gpf;Fk; nghUl;L mj;jhl;rpfisg; Gwf;fzpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;Nghhpd; gl;baypy; tpQ;QhdpfSk; ,ize;J tpl;lhh;fsh? mJjhd; ,y;iy! ,e;j trdj;ij nka;g;gpf;Fk; nghUl;L $iuapy; fhzg;gLk; mj;jhl;rpfisg; Gwf;fzpg;gjw;nfd;Nw NtW rpyh; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; tpQ;Qhdpfisg; nghWj;jtiu mth;fs; jq;fs; Ma;Tfspy; vd;d fhz;fpwhh;fNsh mij mg;gbNa $wptpLfpwhh;fs;. mit jpUkiwf;F xj;jpUg;gpDk;> xt;thjpUg;gpDk; rhp. mth;fspd; epiy mt;tsNt.

epw;f! tspkz;lyj;jpd; filaLf;F> ghJfhg;gw;w mz;lntspapy; rpjwp tpLtjhff; $wg;gl;l tpQ;Qhdpfspd; Ke;jpa $w;Nw cz;iknad;why; ekJ tPL (g+kp) vg;gbg;gl;l epiyiar; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vd;gijr; rw;Nw vz;zpg; ghUq;fs;.

Kjyhtjhf tsp kz;lyj;jpd; filaLf;fpd; kPJ jq;F jilapd;wp #hpadpd; xspf; fjph;fs; gha;e;J ntg;gk; kpiff;fr; nra;J me;j mLf;if Kw;whf mz;l ntspspy; rpjwbj;J tpLk;. mjd; gpwF #hpadpd; xspf;fjph;fs; jq;Fjilapd;wp mjw;Ff; fPo; cs;s madp kz;lyj;ijf; jhf;Fk;. mJTk; ntg;gk; kpifj;Jg; Gtp <h;g;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;glhj epiyia mile;J mz;lntspapy; rpjwptpLk;. mjd;gpwF mjw;Ff; fPo; cs;s khwh ntg;g epiy kz;lyj;ijAk;> mjd; gpwF mjw;Ff; fPo; cs;s khWk; ntg;gepiy kz;lyj;ijAk; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf ,Nj tpjj;jpy; mz;l ntspapy; rpjwbj;JtpLk;. Nfhbf;fzf;fhd tUlq;fshfr; #hpaDk;> tspkz;lyKk; ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy; ,e;j epfo;r;rpg; Nghf;fpd; tpisthf xU fhiyg; nghOjpy; tspkz;lyk; Rj;jkhf xopf;fg;gl;l nkhl;il g+kpapy; ehKk; ek;Kld; tsp kz;lyj;jpYs;s mj;jhl;rpfis Gwf;fzpf;Fk; $l;lj;jhUk;..! ]_g;`hdy;yh`;!

md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! rj;jpaj; jpUkiw ekJ $iu ghJfhf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ vdf; $WfpwJ. Mdhy; kWgf;fj;jpy; Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpahy; mf;fhhpaj;ijr; nra;ahj fhuzj;jhy; ekJ $iu ghJfhf;fg;gltpy;iy vd ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhy mwptpay; $WfpwJ. ,g;NghJ rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; $w;Nw nka;nad;why; Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jpahy; nra;a ,ayhj fhhpaj;ijr; nra;J ekJ $iuiag; ghJfhf;f NtnwhU rf;jp ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mj;jpUkiw trdj;jpypUe;J njs;sj; njspthf tpsq;Ffpwjh ,y;iyah?.

Mk;! jpUkiw $wpathW ekJ $iu ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ cz;ikahdhy;> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhy mwptpayhsh;fs; $l mwpe;J nfhs;s ,ayhj Xh; mhpa rf;jp> ,g;Nguz;lj;jpd; ,aw;gpay; mikg;gpy; nray;gl;Nl jPu Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj;jhd; jpUkiw jd; trdj;jpy; $wp epw;fpwJ vd;gJ kpfj; njspthf tpsq;Ffpwjy;yth?

,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehk; kpf Kf;fpakhd kw;nwhU tp\aj;ijAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Ke;jpa njhlh;fspy; ,g;Nguz;lj;jpd; mikg;ig epiy epWj;Jk; nghUl;L nkhj;j Nguz;lKk; <h;g;ghw;wy; vDk; Xh; rf;jpahy; epuk;gpapUf;fpwJ vd;gijj; jpUkiwapypUe;J fz;Nlhk;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ ehk; Ma;T nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; trdk; me;j <h;g;ghw;wYld; NkYk; xU rf;jp nray; gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gjhf mwpTWj;JfpwJ. mg;gbg; ghh;j;jhy; ,g;Nguz;lj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l rf;jpfs; ,Uf;ff; $Lkh? ,jw;Fhpa tpsf;fk; VNjDk; ,j;jpUkiwapypUe;J fpilf;Fkh?

fpilf;fpwJ! ,jw;Ff;$l ,e;j mw;Gjj; jpUkiwapypUe;J njs;sj; njspthfNt tpil fpilf;fpwJ jpUkiw $WfpwJ:

'thdj;ij ehk; rf;jpfisf; nfhz;L mikj;Njhk;. epr;rakhf ehk; (mjw;F) tphpthd Mw;wy; cilatuhNthk;". (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 51 ]_uj;Jj; jhhpahj; - d; 47tJ trdk;).

,e;j trdk; Nguz;lj;jpd; mikg;gpy; cs;s Mw;wiyr; 'rf;jp" vd xUikapy; $whky;> 'rf;jpfs;" vd gd;ikapy; $WfpwJ. mugp nkhopapy; gd;ik vd;gJ ,uz;Lf;Fk; Nkw;gl;litNa! vdNt Nguz;lj;jpd; mikg;gpy; <h;g;ghw;wYld; NkYk; ,uz;L rf;jpfNsh my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;litfNsh kpf epr;rakhfr; nray;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd rj;jpaj; jpUkiw Mzpj;jukhff; $wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. jpUkiwapd; Nkw;fz;l Mjhuq;fspypUe;J ekJ tsp kz;lyf; $iuiag; ghJfhg;gjpy; Gtp<h;g;Gr; rf;jp my;yhj NkYk; xU rf;jp kpf epr;rakhfr; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;gJ Iaj;Jf;fplkpd;wp njspthfpwJ! me;j rf;jp ahJ?. ,Njh $g;gpL J}uj;jpy; 21-Mk; E}w;whz;L fz;rpkpl;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ! ,d;Dkh ekJ tpQ;Qhdpfs; ,ijf; fz;L gpbf;ftpy;iy?

fz;Lgpbj;J tpl;lhh;fs;! fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ,g;nghUs; (rf;jp) ekf;F Kd;Ng mwpKfkhd g+ fhe;j kz;lyNk (Earth's Magnetospere) MFk;.

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