XN]hd;!

Nky;fhh;j;> Nkhyhf;> uh> Nghg];> mg;NghNyh> rkh\;> fprhy;Nfhl; ahhpy;..gfthd;(?)..

Nkw;fz;l ngah;fshYk;> ,d;Dk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;glhj ngah;fshYk; mq;fpq;nfdhjgb vq;Fk; epiwe;j kf;fs; nts;sj;jhy; mDjpdKk; gf;jp rpuj;ijNahL flTshf(?) topgl;L tugl;l mg;nghUs;jhd; #hpad; vDk; neUg;Gf; NfhskhFk;. ,g;nghUs; kf;fs; vz;zpf; nfhz;bUg;gijg; Nghd;W flTs; ,y;iy. khwhf mJ xU E}W fp.kP. FWf;fsitf; nfhz;l vhpAk; ghiwg;nghUs;jhd; vd fp.K. 434y; $wpa mdf;]hfu]; (Anaxagoras 500-428 B.C.)vDk; mwptpay; rpe;jidahsh; %l ek;gpf;ifahsh;fshy; rpj;jptijf;Fs;shfpa tuyhWfs; ,e;j g+kpapy; epfo;e;j gpd;Dk; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwahk; J}a Fh;Md; %l ek;gpf;ifahsh;fspd; flTisg;(?) gw;wpj; njs;sj; njspthd Fuypy; Xq;fp xypf;fpwJ.

'..#hpaidAk; re;jpuidAk; mtNd gilj;jhd;". (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 21 ]_uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 33tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjp)

'..mitfspy; #hpaid tpsf;fhfTk;> re;jpuid gpufhrkhfTk; Mf;fpapUf;fpwhd;;". (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 71 ]_uj;Je; E}`; - d; 16tJ trdk;)

'..NkYk; #hpaidAk;> re;jpuidAk; mit (jtwhky;) njhlh;e;J ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; tz;zk; (khdplh;fshfpa) cq;fSf;F trg;gLj;jp je;Js;shd;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 14 ]_uj;Jy; ,g;uh`pk; - d; 33tJ trdk;)

Nkw;fz;l trdq;fs; #hpaidg; gilf;fg;gl;l nghUs; vdf; $Wtjhy; #hpad; gilg;ghsd; (flTs;) ,y;iy: mJ xU gilg;gpdNk vdf; $WfpwJ. NkYk; #hpaid tpsf;F vd;W $Wtjhy; mJ Xh; vhpAk; nghUs; vdf; $WfpwJ. mj;Jld; #hpad; jd;Dila ,aw;gpay; tpjpapypUe;J ,k;kpAk; gprfhky; ,af;fg;gLtjhy; ,aw;gpay; tpjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp tsKk; typikAk; ngw;WtUk; kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; jhd; #hpad; trg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sNjad;wpr; #hpaDf;F trg;gl;lth;fshf kdpjh;fs; ,y;iy vdf; $WfpwJ.

Fh;Md; $Wfpd;w #hpad; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,e;j mwptpay; jfty;fs; ahTk; cz;iknad;why; ,jw;Fg; gpwFk; flTSf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; #hpaid itj;Jg; ghh;g;gJ flTis epe;jpf;Fk; nrayhFk;. mj;Jld; jkf;F trg;gl;bUg;gjw;F kl;LNk rf;jp ngw;w xd;iwj; jhNk topgLtJ vd;gJ jk;ikj;jhNk epe;jid nra;Ak; nrayhfTk; mike;J tpLfpwJ.

jk;ikj; jhNk epe;jidapy; js;Sk; xUth; kjpf;fg;gly; rhj;jpakh?

etPd thdpay; tpQ;Qhdk; #hpad; vd;gJ mjw;Fhpa ,aw;gpay; tpjpfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L ,aq;Fk; Xh; vhpAk; Nfhsk; vdf; $Wtij mwpahNjhh; ahUk; ,e;j E}w;whz;by; ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;. gjpd;%d;W ,yl;rj;Jj; njhs;shapuk; fp.kP.tpl;lKk;> g+kpiag; Nghd;W Kg;gJ ,yl;rj;J Kg;gjhapuk; klq;F vilAk; (g+kpapd; vil 5,974,000,000,000,000,000,000 ld;fs;) nfhz;l ,g;nghUspd; cs;Ns ekJ fly; kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; mOj;jj;ijf; fhl;bYk; E}W Nfhb klq;F mOj;jKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. 

,g;gbg;gl;l gLgaq;fukhd mOj;jj;jpd; fPo; #hpaDila clypd; ngUk;gFjpahfpa i`l;u[d; (Hydrogen) mZf;fs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;J `Pypakhf (Heleum) khwp ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf #hpadpd; ikaj;jpy; 1.5 -> 2 Mapuk; Nfhb nrd;bfpNul; ntg;gKk; Gwg;gug;gpd; kPJ Mwhapuk; bfphp ntg;gKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW xU nghUs; kw;nwhU nghUshf ,urhaz khw;wk; mile;J ntg;gj;ij ntspapLk; epfo;r;rp #hpadpy; eilngw;W tUtjhy; ,aw;gpay; mbg;gilapy; #hpad; Xh; vhpAk; nghUs; vd;W $WfpNwhk;.

,g;gbg;gl;l gpuk;khz;lkhd mZ ciyahk; #hpadpypUe;J tpz;nzq;Fk; gha;e;Njhb tUk; mjd; xspf;fjph;fspy; Gw Cjhf; fjph;fs; (Ultra Violet Rays) vd;gJk; xd;W. ,e;j xspf;fjph;fs; kdpjh;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp caphpdq;fs; midj;Jf;FNk ngUk;NfL tpistpf;ff; $baitahFk;. ,f;fjph;fs; Neuhf g+kpia milAkhdhy; ,g;g+yfpd; kPJ kdpjh;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpg; Gw;g+z;Lfs; Kjw;nfhz;L mopf;fg;gl;L caphpd; RtNl ,y;yhj xU Nfhshf ,e;j g+kp Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,e;j g+kpad; kPJ gyNfhb tUlq;fshf mopitj; jUk; ,f;fjph;fshy; vt;tpjg; ghjpg;Gkpd;wp caphpdq;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wd! ,J vg;gb rhj;jpakhapw;W!?.

xUfhy;..'me;Njh ghpjhgk;! ekJ Gw Cjhf; fjph;fs; caphpdq;fSf;Fg; ngUk; NfL tpistpf;ff; $bait. vdNt mf;fjph;fspy; vijAk; ehk; g+kpf;F mDg;gf; $lhJ". vdf; fUjp> #hpad; jhNd jd; mopTf;fjph;fis g+kpf;F mDg;ghky; tpyfpf; nfhz;ljh? mjdhy;jhd; khdplh;fspy; gyh; ,d;dKk; ,jid flTsha; topgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fsh?.

mg;gbnay;yhk; vJTkpy;iy! xU ikf;Nuh nrfz;l; (xU tpdhbapy; Mapuj;jpy; xU gq;F) $l Xa;tpd;wpj; jd; mopTf; fjph;fis ekJ g+kpapd; kPJ thhp thhp ,iwj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ ,e;j neUg;Gf; Nfhsk; vdf; $Wfpwhh;fs; etPd mwptpay; ty;Ydh;fs;. 

md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehk; xU fzkhtJ rpe;jpf;ff; flik gl;Ls;Nshk;. fzKk; jg;ghky; #hpaDila mopTf; fjph;fs; kilAilj;j nts;skha; ek;kPJ nfhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ehNkh gy;yhapuk; tUlq;fshf mjd;fPo; moptpd;wp tho;e;J tUfpNwhk;. cz;ikepiy ,Jntd;why; rpe;jidj; jpwid cyfg; Nguuq;fpy; mlF itf;fhj mwptpay; md;gh;fNs! ePq;fs; $Wq;fs;! ek;kPJ glhjthW jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mjpaw;Gjj; jLg;nghd;W ekf;F Nky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh Ntz;lhkh?

rpe;jidj; jpwk; ngw;wth;fNs! mwpTrhh;> mwptpay; rhh; md;gh;fNs! ek;kPJ gha;e;J tUk; ,e;j mopTf;fjph;fs; ek;kPJ tpoh tz;zk; jLf;Fk; $iunahd;W ekf;F Nky; ,y;yhtpby; ek;khy; ,q;F tho KbAkh? ,jw;F NkYk; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; $w;whk;:

'thdj;ij ehk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l $iuahf mikj;Njhk;. vdpDk; mth;fs; (epuhfhpg;Nghh;) mjpYs;s mj;jhl;rpfisg; Gwf;fzpf;fpd;whh;fs;." (my;-Fh;Md; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah - 32tJ trdk;) vDk; [Pt trdj;ij xUth; kWj;J> g+kpf;Ff; $iu fpilahJ vdf; $wj; Jzpthh;?. mg;gbf; $wpdhy; Fh;Mid kWg;gjhf epidj;Jf; nfhz;L mth; nra;Ak; fhhpaj;jhy; 'mth; gj;Jk; nrhy;thh;;. Nghfl;Lk;" vd mtiuf; fz;L nfhs;shky; mwptpay; cyfk; tpl;LtpLk; vd;gij midtuhYk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. vdNt ,g;gbg;gl;l fhhpaj;ij ve;j mwptpay; thjpAk; nra;aj; Jzpa khl;lhh;.

#hpag; NgUiyapypUe;J XahJ gha;e;J tUk; ,g;Gw Cjhf; fjph;fis vq;fs; kPJ tpoh tz;zk; jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; $iuNa! eP vq;fpUf;fpwha;? nka;ahd cd; gilg;ghsdpd; thh;j;ijfs;jhk; Fh;Md; vd;gjw;F eP toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rhl;rpankq;Nf!?.

,Njh..! XNrhd; (OZONE) vd;gNj ,f;$iuf;F mwptpayhsh;fs; #l;bapUf;Fk; ngah;. caphpdq;fspd; [Ptftrkhfpa ,g;nghUs; ekJ $iuapd; nkhj;j cUtkhfpa fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; xU nky;ypa fPw;W (mLf;F) MFk;. ,g;nghUs; ekf;F kpfTk; mwpKfkhd gpuhz thAtpd; (Oxygen) NtnwhU tbtkhFk;. ,ijr; rw;Wr; RUf;fkhfg; ghh;g;Nghk;.

ve;j xU nghUisAk; Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;bf; nfhz;Nl nrd;why; xU Fwpg;gpl;l epiyapy;; mij ntl;l Kbahj epiyia milAk;. fl;Gyzhfhj ,g;nghUis %yf;$W (Molecule) vdf; $wyhk;. kpf Ez;ikahd ,g;nghUisj; Njitahd Mw;wy; nrYj;jp NkYk; jdpj; jdpg; nghUl;fshf gphpf;fyhk;. ,t;thW gphpAk; me;j kpf> kpf Ez;zpa nghUl;fs; mZ (Atom) vdg;gLk;. (mij NkYk; gphpf;f Vuhskhd Mw;wy; Njit) xU nghUisj; jdpj;jdp mZf;fshfg; gphpj;J mitfisr; Rje;jpukhf tpl;Ltpl;lhy; mitj; njhlh;e;J mZf;fshfNt ,Ue;J tplhJ. mit clNd %yf; $Wfshf ,ize;J tpLk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l %yf; $Wfspd; njhFg;GfNs nghUl;fshFk;.

ekJ gpuhzthA vd;gJk; %yf;$Wfspd; njhFg;NgahFk;. %yf;$Wfs; midj;Jk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l mZf;fspd; njhFjpfshFk;. gpuhzthAitg; nghUj;jtiu mjDila %yf; $wpy; ,uz;L mZf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. rpy fhuzq;fshy; gpuhzthA mjd; %yf; $wpy; %d;W mZf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,t;thW gpuhz thAtpd; %d;W mZf;fs; mjd; %yf; $wpy; ,lk;ngw;why; mjd; gpwF mJ gpuhz thAtpd; Fzj;jpypUe;J khWgl;l nghUshf khWk;. ,JNt XNrhdhFk;. XNrhd; vd;Dk; ,e;j thAg; nghUs;jhd; #hpadpypUe;J tUk; Gw Cjhf; fjph;fisg; g+kpapd; kPJ tpo tplhky; cl;fpufpj;Jg; g+kpf;F $iuahf nray;gl;L tUfpwJ vdf; $wp 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; J}a Fh;Md; nka;ahd ,iwNtjk; vd;gjw;F rhl;rpahf epw;fpd;wd.

,t;thW g+kpf;Ff; ftrkpl;L epw;Fk; $iuiag; gw;wpj;jhd; rj;jpaj; jpUkiw mJ xU ghJfhf;fg;gl;l nghUs; vdf; $WfpwJ. vdNt ekJ $iuahf nray;gLk; XNrhd; glyj;Jf;Fk;> VNjh gpur;id vd;Wk;> mg;gpur;idapypUe;J mJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ vd;Wk; ,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J Kd;Nghy; (Ke;ija fl;Liuapy; fz;lJNghy;) ,g;NghJk; tpsq;FfpwJ. mg;gbahdhy; XNrhDf;Fk; gpur;idAz;lh?.

XNrhDf;Fk; gpur;idAz;L vdf; $Wfpwhh;fs; mwptpayhsh;fs;. XNrhd; vd;gJ gpuhzthAtpd; ,uz;L mZf;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf (O2) mjd; %d;W mZf;fshy; (O3) Md %yf;$W vdf; fz;Nlhk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; %yf;$W (O2) XNrhdhf (O3) khw;wk; milAk; NghJ gpuhz thAitg; Nghd;W (O2) ePbj;J epw;Fk; (Stability) jd;ikia ,oe;J tpiutpy; rpije;J jdpj; jdp mZf;fshf khw;wkile;J kPz;Lk; gpuhzthAthf (O2) XNrhd; (O3) khwptpLfpwJ.

XNrhDila ,e;j FWfpa MAs; fhuzkhf ,ijj; njhlh;e;J cw;gj;jp nra;J nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLfpwJ. ,JNt XNrhd; glyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpur;id vd;W $Wfpwhh;fs; mwptpayhsh;fs;.

gpur;id vd;why; ,/jd;Nwh ngUk; gpur;id! vq;fs; ,with! vd;ndd;d gpur;idfs; vq;fisr; #oe;J epw;fpd;wd! Nfhbf;fzf;fhd tUlq;fsha; caphpdq;fs; tho;e;J tUk; ,g;g+TyFf;Ff; $iuaha; mike;J epw;Fk; xU nghUSf;F ,t;tsT mw;g MAsh? xU fzKk; Xa;tpd;wp eP vq;fs; $iuiag; GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;buhtpby; ehq;fs; ,q;F caph; tho;tJ vq;qdk;? MfNt ehq;fs; ,q;F tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd;gNj $iu ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd eP $wpajw;F epiwthd MjhukhFk;. fuzk; jg;gpdhy; kuzk; vd;w epiyapy;$l Rf Re;jukhf eP vq;fis tho itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapNyNa cd;id kWj;Jiuf;f vg;gbj;jhd; mwpT ,lk; nfhLf;FNkh?

#hpaDila Gw Cjhf; fjph;fis cl;fpufpj;jthW Xahky; rpije;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; XNrhd; glyk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUk; kh;kk;jhd; vd;d?

md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! ,jw;Fhpa tpilahd mz;ikf;fhy mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;Gfisj; njhpe;J nfhz;l xUth; ,j;J}a Fh;Mdpd; gf;fq;fisg; Gul;bdhy; mtiu tpag;gilar; nra;Ak; trdk; xd;iw mth; fz;ZWthh;. Fh;Md; $WfpwJ:

'NkYk; mr;rKk; MirAk; Vw;gLk;gb mtd; cq;fSf;F kpd;diy fhl;LtJk; thdj;jpypUe;J kio nghopar; nra;J mijf; nfhz;L g+kpia mJ ,we;j gpd;dh; caph;g;gpg;gJk; mtd; mj;jhl;rpfspdpd;Wk; cs;sd. epr;rakhf mjpy; rpe;jpj;JzUk; r%fj;jpw;F mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd." (my;-Fh;Md; 30tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jh; &k; - 24tJ trdk;)

,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J ,we;J fplf;Fk; g+kpia caph;g;gpg;gjpy; kio> kpd;dy; vd ,U epfo;r;rpfspd; nray;ghLfs; cs;slq;fpapUg;gjhf ek;khy; fhz KbfpwJ. ePhpd;wp caphpdk; ,y;iy vd;gjhy;> ,jpy; kioapd; nraw;ghL vd;d vd;gij ehk; vspjpy; tpsq;FfpNwhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j trdj;jpy; caph;gpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; kpd;dYk; ,lk;ngWtjhf fhz KbfpwNj? kpd;dYf;Fk; caphpdj;jpw;Fk; vd;d njhlh;G?

kpd;dy; vd;gJ gpujhdkhd xsp (kpd; xsp)> xyp (,bNahir)> kpd;rhuk; vd %d;W $Wfis cs;slf;fpaJ. (,k;%d;W thh;j;ijfisAk; cs;slf;fpa xU thh;j;ijahf ',bg;Gay;" vDk; thh;j;ijia tpQ;Qhdpfs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,g;gbg;gl;l ,e;j kpd;dy; ehk; mr;rg;glTk;> Mirg;glTk; Vw;wJ vdTk; ,e;j trdk; $WfpwJ. kpd;diyg; ghh;j;jTld; ehk; fz;fis %LtJk;> fhJf;Fs; tpuY}d;WtJk; kpd;dyhy; ekf;F mr;rk; vw;gLtjhy;jhd;. vdNt kpd;dy; mr;rg;glj;jf;fJ vd;gij ek;khy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. Mdhy; ,g;gb Mgj;ij tpistpf;ff; $ba ,e;j epfo;r;rpapy; ehk; Mirglj;jf;f tp\ak; vd;d ,Uf;fpd;wJ?.

Mdhy; kpd;dy;> kio> caph;g;gpj;jy; vd ,k;%d;W tp\aq;fisAk; rpe;jpj;JzUk; r%fj;jtUf;F epr;rakhf mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd cj;jputhjk; jUfpwJ xg;gw;w ,iwNtjkhk; khkiw Fh;Md;! vdNt ehk; ,g;NghJ ,itfisg; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;Fk; r%fj;ijj;jhd; mZf Ntz;bAs;sJ.

rj;jpaj;jpUkiwapd; rl;lq;fis mwpe;Njh> mwpahkNyh nray;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mwptpay; rpe;jidahsh;fNs! cq;fSf;Fj;jhd; vt;tsT fz;zpaj;ij ,e;jr; rj;jpaj; jpUkiw toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ! cq;fs; Ma;TfspypUe;J ePq;fs; rpe;jpj;Jzh;e;j tp\aq;fspy; kpd;dYf;Fk;> caph;g;gpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpf;Fk; VNjDk; njhlh;Gz;lh?

VNjDk; njhlh;gh? Vuhskhd njhlh;G cz;L! caphpdq;fis tho itf;Fk; XNrhd; glyj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjpy;$l kpd;dy; gq;Nfw;fpwJ vdf;$wp ek;ik tpag;gpy; Mo;j;Jfpwhh;fs; tpQ;Qhdpfs;!
gpuhz thAtpd; mZf;fs; gpsf;fg;gl;L mit Kk;%d;W mZf;fshf ,ize;jhy;jhd; XNrhd; cw;gj;jpahf KbAk; vd Kd;dh; fz;Nlhk;. ,e;j epfo;r;rp eilngw Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;Fj; Njitahd Mw;wy; ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. XNrhdhy; cl;fpufpf;fg;gLk; #hpaDila Gw Cjhf; fjph;fSf;Nf me;j Mw;wy; cz;L. vdNt XNrhid cw;gj;jp nra;tJ #hpaDila nray;ghLjhd; vd tpQ;Qhdpfs; ek;gp te;jdh;. Mdhy; njhlh;e;J nra;ag;gl;L te;j Ma;Tfs; ,e;j ek;gpf;iff;F Mjhuk; jutpy;iy. XNrhd; glyj;jpDila nrwpT> ,uT (#hpa xsp ngwg;glhj Neuk;)> gfy; (#hpa xsp ngwg;gLk; Neuk;) vd;w tpj;jpahrkpd;wp ghjpf;fgl;L te;jij mth;fSila Ma;Tfspy; fz;ldh;. vdNt #hpar; nray;ghl;Lf;Fk;. XNrhDila ghJfhg;Gf;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F te;j tpQ;QhdpfSf;F XNrhDila cw;gj;jp xU GjpuhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. Ma;Tfs; njhlh;e;J nra;ag;gl;ljd; tpisthf mz;ikapy; ,g;GjpUf;F tpil fpilj;jJ.

xt;nthU ehSk; ekJ g+Nfhsj;jpd; kPJ xl;L nkhj;jkhf 1 NfhbNa 60 yl;rk; ,bg;Gay;fs; cw;gj;jpahfp tsp kz;lyj;jpy; guTfpd;wd. xt;nthU tpdhbapYk; ,g;Gtp gug;gpd; Nky; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 100 Kiw kpd;dy; kpd;Dk;. clNd mt;tsT Kiw ,bNahir Vw;gLk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ve;j xU Neuj;jpYk; ,g;Gtpapd; nkhj;j gug;gpd; Nky; 1800 ,bg;Gay;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,g;gb ,iltplhJ vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,bg;Gay;fspypUe;J cUthFk; mstplw;fhpa Mw;wy;jhd; ekJ XNrhd; glyj;ij XahJ GJg;gpj;Jg; ghJfhj;J tUfpd;wd vdf; $Wfpd;wd mz;ikf;fhy mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;Gfs;.

,b> kpd;dYld; $ba kiof;Fg; gpd; ekJ Rthr ,af;fk; vspjhfp tpLtij czh;fpNwhNk mjw;Ff; fhuzk;$l XNrhd; cw;gj;jpahy; tsp kz;lyk; J}a;ikailtNj vdTk; $Wfpd;wdh; tpQ;Qhdpfs;.

mr;rk; juj;jf;f kpd;dypy; Mirg;glj; jf;f fhhpaq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vdf; $wpa jpUkiwapd; trdj;ij nka;g;gpj;J epw;Fk; mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;Gfisg; ghh;j;jPh;fsh? XNrhid cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ,bg;Gaypd; ntspaPlhfpa kpd;dypy; ehk; Mirg;glj;jf;f fhhpak; cz;lh ,y;iyah?.

XNrhd; ,y;iyNay; g+kpay; capupdk; ,y;iy vdf; $Wk; tpQ;Qhdpfs;> tsp kz;lyj;jpy; XNrhd; cw;gj;jpahd gpwNf caphpdk; Njhd;wpaJ vd mWjpapl;Lf; $Wfpwhh;fs;. caphpdj; Njhw;Wthapy; XNrhDf;F ,t;tsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cz;nldpy; me;j XNrhidNa cUthf;Fk; kpd;dy; caphpdj; Njhw;Wthapd; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fhspay;yth? caph;g;gpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; ePUld; kpd;diyAk; ,izj;Jf; $wg;gl;l jpUkiw trdj;ij nka;ahd ,iwNtjk; vd ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;Gfisg; ghh;j;jPh;fsh?

caph;g;gpf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; kpd;dypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; tpaf;fj;jF fz;Lgpbg;GfSk;> ,j;J}a jpUkiwia khdpl rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;l ,iwNtjk; vd ep&gpf;Fk; nghUl;L muq;NfwpapUf;fpd;wd. ,d;\h my;yh`; mit NtW jiyg;Gfspy;.

md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! g+Nyhf thrpfshfpa ekf;F Mfhak; xU $iuahfTk;> me;jf; $iu ghJfhf;fg;gl;l nghUshfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ vdf; fUj;Jzh;e;j jpUkiw trdj;jpw;Fhpa mwptpay; Mjhuq;fshf ehk; ,Jtiu ghpkhwpf;nfhz;l tp\aq;fis xU fzk; vz;zpg; ghUq;fs;. etPd thdpay; tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; fiu fz;l xUtuhyd;wp> Mfhak; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l $iuahf ,Uf;fpwJ vdf; $wpapUf;f KbAkh? epr;rakhf- kpf- kpf epr;rakhf- KbaNt KbahJ vd;gJjhd; Neh;ikj; jpwDld; gjpy; jUk; xUtuJ $w;whf ,Uf;f KbAk;. mg;gbahdhy; ,d;wpypUe;J 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; mg;gbg;gl;l Xh; mjpra kdpjh;(?) ,g;g+kpapy; vq;NfDk; Njhd;wpapUf;f ,aYk; vd ek;khy; fw;gid nra;J ghh;f;f KbAkh?

Fiwe;j gl;rk; nraw;ifj; Jizf; Nfhs;fs; ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; xUth; ,ijf; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; mth; ,wf;iffSld; gpwe;jtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fpl;lg; ghh;itfisAk;> J}ug;ghh;itfisAk; rhp> J}ug;ghh;itfshf khw;Wk; fz; fz;zhbfisf; $lf; fz;lwpahj fhyj;jpy; ,ij xUth; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; mtUila fz;fspy; NghNy kPl;lh;fs; (Bolometers) gphpypNah kPl;lh;fs; (Pyrheliometers) vyf;l;uhd; Ez;Nzhf;fpfs; (Electron Microscopes) NubNah njhiy Nehf;fpfs; (Radio Telescopes) Nghd;w etPd fUtpfnsy;yhk; Kisj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gbf; $lth xU kdpjh; ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?

epr;rakhf mg;gbnay;yhk; xUth; ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ vd;gJ ekJ gjpyhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,g;gbg;gl;l xU kdpjuhy; kl;LNk 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; $w Kbaf; $ba etPd cyfpd; mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;Gfnsy;yhk; - rj;jpaj; jpUkiwahk; my;-Fh;Mdpy; vg;gb ,lk; ngw;wd?

ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?

fhuz fhhpaq;fNshL ehk; rpe;jpf;fj; jiyg;gl;lhy; ekJ rpe;jid fsQ;rpaq;fspy; ,g;Nguz;lk; xU FUl;lhk;Nghf;F nray; ,y;iy: khwhf ,J xU ghpg+uzkhd jpl;lkpl;l gzpapd; (An absolute frame work) cUtk; vd;gij Iaj;Jf;fplkpd;wp njhpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. vdNt jpl;lkpl;l gzppapd; jpl;lq;fis tFj;jspj;jtd; xUtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd;: mtDila jpl;lNk gzpfis elj;JfpwJ: mg;gbg;gl;ltd; ahNuh mtdplkpUe;Nj ,r;rj;jpaj; jpUkiw toq;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mJ fhyq;fle;j fhhpaq;fisAk; jd;Ds; nfhz;byq;FfpwJ vd ek;khy; kpf kpf vspjhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ!

vdNt ,j;J}a kiwf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; Kw;Wg; Gs;spfis fhw;Gs;spfshf khw;wp NkYk; cq;fSila rpe;jidiaj; njhlUq;fs;! cz;ik vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid Vw;Fk; gz;Gilath;fsy;yth ePq;fs;!.

Gtpafg; Gjph;fs;! 

tpz;zfj;jpd; mLf;Ffspy; xd;whfpa ghy;top kz;lyj;jpy; #hpaidr; Rw;wp Rod;W tUk; g+Nfhsj;jpd; kPjpUe;J fz;Zf;nfl;lhj J}uk; tiu gutpf;fplf;Fk; tpz;zikg;gpd; kh;kq;fis Ma;T nra;fpd;wdh; tpQ;Qhdpfs;. jiyf;F Nky; njd;gLk; ,f;fw;gidf; nfl;lhj NgUUtk; mLf;Ffspd; njhFg;Ng vdf; fz;lwpa mth;fsps; njhiy Nehf;fpfs; Jiz Ghptijg; Nghd;W mth;fsJ fhy;fSf;fbapy; kpjpgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; g+Nfhsj;jpd; mikg;igf; fz;lwpa ve;j xU Nehf;fpAk; mth;fsplk; ,y;iy.

2500 xspahz;Lfs; tpl;lk; nfhz;l tpz;zfj;ij njhiyNehf;fpfspd; $hpa ghh;itg; Gyd;fs; Jisj;Jr; nry;Yk;NghJ ntWk; 12>757 fp.kP.(Gtpf;NfhL topahf) tpl;lk; nfhz;l Gtpafj;ijr; Jisj;Jr; nry;Yk; top mwpahJ jpzwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; tpQ;Qhdpfs;.

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L tpQ;Qhdpfspd; epiy ,t;thwpUf;Fk;NghJ ,jw;Fk; 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;te;j thd;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Gtpapay; gpuflzk; xd;W fPo;fz;lthW $wfpwJ:

'my;yh`; jhd; VO thdq;fisAk;> ,d;Dk; g+kpapypUe;J mtw;iwg; NghyTk; gilj;jhd;". (mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 65 ]_uj;Jj; jyhf;fpd; 12tJ trdj;jpd; Kjy; gFjp).

,e;j thdj;jpy; Mfhak; vt;thW gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjh mijg; Nghd;Nw g+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd; vdf; $Wtjd; thapyhf g+kpapd; mikg;Gf;Fk;> Mfhaj;jpd; mikg;Gf;Fk; xw;Wik cz;L vd;w tpaf;fj;jF jftiyj; jUfpwhd; mtifisg; gilj;j kpf;f Nkyhd ,iwtd;. ,ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L Mfhak; vt;thW gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w tpdhit vOg;gpdhy; 'VO thdq;fisAk;> my;yh`; vt;thW mLf;fLf;Ffsha; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij ,th;fs; ghh;f;ftpy;iyah..?" (my;-Fh;Md; ]_uj;Jy; Ky;F - d; 3tJ trdk;> mj;jpahak; 71 ]_uj;Je; E}`; - d; 15tJ trdk;) vdf; $Wk; trdq;fisAk;> me;j trdq;fis ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;GfisAk; gjpyhf ehk; Kd;dh; fz;Nlhk;. vdNt Mfhaq;fs; ahTk; mLf;Ffspd; njhFg;ghf mike;Js;sJ vdgij ,t;trdq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; ,e;j tpaj;jF Gtpapay; gpuflzj;jpd; epiynad;d? etPd tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpy;$l g+Nfhsj;ij CLUtpg; ghh;f;ff; $ba Nehf;fpfs; VJk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; njhd;ikahd 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Ke;ija fhy fl;lj;jpy; jpUf;Fh;Mdhy; kl;Lk; ,g;Gtpafj;jpd; Gjph;fis vt;thW Ghpaitf;f Kbe;jJ?.

khkdpjh; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j fz;Lgpbg;Gfisj; jhd; mth; jk;Kila E}ypy; (jpUf;Fh;Mdpy;) ,izj;jpUf;fpwhh; vdg; gpjw;wpj; jphpAk; rpy mwpT [Ptp(?)fisg;Nghy; khkdpjhpd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j tpQ;Qhdpfs; ahNuDk; g+kpiag; gpse;J ghh;j;Jf; fz;Lgpbj;j jfty;jhd; ,J vd ahNuDk; $w epidj;jhy; me;j vz;zj;ijAk; jfh;j;njwpaf; $ba NkYNkhh; Gtpapay; gpuflzj;ijAk; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapypUe;J mth; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. khkiw $WfpwJ:

'NkYk; g+kpapy; nrUf;Fld; elf;fhjPh;fs;. (Vnddpy;) g+kpia ck;khy; gpse;Jtpl KbahJ. (NkYk;) kiyapd; ePsj;ij (ahfpYk;) ePh; milaTk; ,ayhJ." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 17 ]_uj;Jy; gdP-,];uhaPy; - d; 37tJ trdk;)

,e;j trdj;jpy; g+kpia ahUk; gpse;J ghh;f;f KbahJ vd;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp mg;gbg;gl;l Kaw;rpfspy; ahNuDk; <Lgl;lhy; kiyapd; ePsj;ijnahj;j xU gpsitf; $l ,e;j g+kpapy; Vw;gLj;jy; rhj;jpakd;W vdj; njs;sj; njspthf giwrhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ J}a Fh;Md;. vdNt g+Nfhsj;ij CLUtpg; ghh;f;Fk; Nehf;fpfSk; ,y;iy vd;gNjhL> g+kpiag; gpse;J ghh;f;fTk; ,ayhjjhfp tpl;lgbahy; jpUkiw $Wk; Gtpapay; mwptpg;G nka;ahfNt khdpl rf;jpfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;lNj vd;gjpy; Iaj;jpw;F ,lkpy;iy my;yth?.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; g+kpiag; gpse;J ghh;f;f KbahJ vdf; $wg;gLk; jpUf;Fh;MDila $w;W> mZFz;Lfs; $l muq;Nfw;wpapUf;Fk; ,e;j ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; Vw;fj;jf;f thh;j;ijfs;jhkh vd;w Iak; rpyUf;F vof;$Lk;. Mdhy; nka;ahfNt ,J mwptpay; Mjhuq;fshy; Vw;fj; jf;f thh;j;ijfs;jhk; vd;gijr; RUf;fkhff; fhz;Nghk;.

mZFz;Lfspd; cjtpahy; g+Nfhsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;igNa rpijf;Fk; Mw;wiy tpQ;Qhd cyfk; ngw;wpUg;gJ vd;dNth cz;ikjhd;. ,Ug;gpDk; g+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sLf;fpypUe;J xNu xU fpuhk; nghUisahtJ jq;fs; Ma;Tf; $lq;fspy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w mth;fsJ Mty; ,d;dKk; epiwNtwtpy;iy.

jpUkiw $wpaijg; Nghd;W g+kp nkhj;jj;ijAk; gpsf;f ,ayhtpbDk;> Fiwe;j gl;rk; xU kiyapd; ePsj;ijnahj;j xU gpsitahtJ ,e;j g+kpapy; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;LkhapDk; gy;yhapuk; kPl;lh; ePsk; nfhz;l epyg;gug;gpy; gy;yhapuk; kPl;lh; Moj;jpw;F epyj;ijj; Njhz;bnaLj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,g;gbg;gl;l xU fw;gid ,e;j etPd tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpy;$l igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdkhdJ vd;gjpy; tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy. vdNt jw;Nghija mth;fsJ NguhtYk;> ngUKaw;rpAk; xU rpy mq;Fy tpl;lKs;s xNunahU JisahtJ Nghl;L> g+kpapd; NkNyhl;lj;ijj; jhz;b mjd; cs;sLf;fpd; Nkw;gug;ig (70 fp.kP;.Moj;ij) mila KbAkh vd;gNjahFk;.

epyj;ij Jisj;jy; (Earth Drilling) vd;gJ mg;gbnahd;Wk; vspjhd fhhpakd;W. Jisf;Fk; gzp ntw;wpfukhf eilngw Ntz;Lkhapd; Jisaplg;gLk; nghUspd; (g+kpapd;) ,ae;jputpay; kw;Wk; ,aw;nghUs; (Mechanical and Physical Properties) jd;ikfs; KOikahf fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt fpl;lj;jl;l Gtpapay; rhh;e;j midj;Jf; fpisfspypUe;Jk; ngw;w mwpthjhuq;fis ,jpy; gad;gLj;jpahf Ntz;Lk;. ,itfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; mg;gbnad;d gpur;id? vd vz;zf; $bath;fs; ahNuDk; ,Ue;jhy; xU Njh;e;j Gtpapay; mwpQhplk;> jw;NghJ Gtpapay; Jiwapy; nkhj;jk; vt;tsT fpisfs; cyfpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;w xNunahU tpdhit kl;Lk; mth; Nfl;fl;Lk;. me;j mwpQuhy; ,jw;F tpilaspf;f ,ayhJ. Gtpapay; Jiwapy; vt;tsT fpisfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vdgijf;$l xU Gtpapay; mwpQuhy; $w ,ayhjNghJ (,f;fl;LiuahsUf;Fk; ,J gw;wpa tphpahd tpguk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,f;fpisfspd; vz;zpf;if 120-Ij; jhz;btpl;ljhf mwptpay; Fwpg;nghd;W njhptpf;fpwJ) mf;fpisfs; midj;jpYk; cs;s mwpthjhuq;fisg; xd;W jpul;b ekf;Fj; Njitahd Jwg;gztpaiy (Drilling Technology) cUthf;fp ntw;wp ngwr; nra;jy;> vt;tsT fbdkhd gzpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ rk;ge;jg;gl;lth;fshy; ed;F Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

JisapLk; gzp epyj;Jld; njhlh;G nfhz;bUg;gij Nghd;W Jis ,Lk; fUtp (Rig)fNshLk; njhlh;G nfhz;Ls;sJ. g+kpia ntl;br; nry;Yk; ntl;Lsp (Drill Bit), ntl;Lspia ,ae;jpuj;Jld; ,izf;Fk; ,izg;Gj; njhFjp (Drill String) Mfpaitfspy; khWjy;fs; nra;a Ntz;ba Njitfs; ,j;Jiwapy; jtph;f;f Kbahjit. vdNt nghwpapay; (Engineering)> cNyhftpay; (Metallurgy) cNyhf ,urhaztpay; (Metal Chemistry) Nghd;w NkYk; gy Jiwfspd; Kd;Ndwq;fspd; gphptpypUe;J Jwg;gztpay; ntw;wpaila KbAk;.

xU thjj;jpw;fhf vjph;fhy mwptpay; cyfk; ,it ahitAk; epiwthfg; ngw;W tpLtjhf itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; ,jpy; fhzg;gLk; kw;nwhU ,lh;g;ghL ,j;Jiwiag; gytPdg;gLj;JfpwJ.

JisQh; (Driller) g+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; epd;wpUf;f> JisahdJ g+kpf;Ff; fPNo fz;kiwthf eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; Jisaplg;gLk; FopahdJ mt;tg;NghJ gw;gy Fopj; njhy;iyfis (Drilling Hazards) Njhw;Wtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,g;gbg;gl;lj; njhy;iyfis xU JisQh; jd; mDgtg;G+Htkhd a+fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Ghpe;Jnfhz;L mjw;Nfw;gr; nrayhw;wp Jisia mjd; ,yf;if milar; nra;J ntw;wp ngwr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gpur;idapd; fhuzkhf JisapLk; gzp vd;gJ xU FUl;lhk; Nghf;Fg; gzp (Drilling is a blind work) vdf;$Wk; mj;Jiwiar; rhh;;e;j nghwpahsh;fspd; gpur;idfis epth;j;jp nra;a ve;j xU top tifAk; tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; ,y;iy.

xU thjj;jpw;fhf kPz;Lk; Fopapy; Vw;gLk; midj;Jj; njhy;iyfisAk; xU JisQh; rhpahf a+fpj;Jg; gzpahw;WtjhfNt itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mg;NghJk; ntl;lg;gl;l nghUl;fis (Cuttings) Fopf;Fs;spypUe;J ntspNaw;wtjpy; fhzg;gLk; gpur;idf;F> ve;j xU jPh;itahtJ fz;lwpa KbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;if ,JtiuapYk; tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

FopapypUe;J ntl;bnaLf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fis ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhff; fhw;wOj;jpfs; (Compressores) NrNww;wpfs; (Mud Pumps) Nghd;w fUtpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; Fopapd; Mok; ntWk; gj;J fpNyh kPl;liuj; jhz;b NkYk; mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk;NghJ mjw;F NkYk; ntl;Lg; nghUl;fis FopapypUe;J ntspNaw;Wk; mstpw;F jpwd; tha;e;j fUtpfis mikj;jy; rhj;jpakw;wjha; tpsq;FfpwJ. JisapLk; fUtpapd; ntl;Lk; jpwid mjpfhpf;f KjyPLfSk;> Kaw;rpfSk; ngUkstpy; Nkw;nfhz;L Ma;T epiyapy; ,Ue;JtUk; mjpetPdf; fUtpfshfpa (Turbo Drill) > g;sh];kh bhpy; (Plasma Drill) Nghd;wit ntw;wpaile;jhYk; ntl;Lg; nghUl;fis ntspNaw;Wtjpy; cs;s rpf;fy; kl;Lk; njhlh;e;J tUfpwJ.

Gtpapay; Ma;Tf;fhf gpuk;khz;lkhd Kiwapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l grpgpf; rKj;jpuj;jpd; 'FthlY" jPTf;fUfpyhd Kjy; Jis 1961 Mk; Mz;L khh;r; khjj;jpy; Jtq;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J (rKj;jpuj;jpw;Ff; fPo; g+kpapd; NkNyhl;bd; gUkd; kpff; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; ,j;Jis rKj;jpuj;jpd; kPjpUe;J epWt jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Jisf;Fk; njhFjp (Drilling Cemit) epWtg;gl;l kpjit vy;yhtifahd vr;rhpf;if Vw;ghLfisAk; kPwpr; rha;e;Jtpl;ljhy;> ,g;gzp ,ilapy; iftplg;gl;lJ). ,d;iwa ehs; tiu cyfpy; Jisf;fgl;LtUk; ve;j xU JisAk; g+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sLf;if mila Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw tpQ;Qhdpfspd; fdit epiwNtw;wtpy;iy.

G+kpiaj; Jisg;gjpy; vjph;g;gLk; ngUk; gpur;idfspy; kpfr; rpytw;iw ,q;F ngaustpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nshk;. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tpguq;fis thrfh;fs; midtUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; vOj Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;nfd jdpnahU E}y; vOj Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. mJ ,f;fl;Liuf;F kpifahd jfty; vdf; fUJNthk;. RUq;fr; nrhy;ypd; etPd tpQ;Qhd Afj;jhy; g+Nfhsj;jpd; NkNyhl;by; (70 fp.kP.Moj;jpw;F) rpy mq;Fyk; tpl;lKs;s xU Jisiaf; $l Vw;gLj;j ,ayhky; ,Ug;gNj kiyapd; ePsj;ijnahj;j xU gpsit g+kpapy; Vw;gLj;j KbahJ vdf; $wpa jpUkiw trdj;ij ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rhl;rpahFk;.

,Jtiu ehk; tpthjpj;j tpguq;fspypUe;J g+kpiag; gpsf;fNth my;yJ mjid CLUtpf; fz;ZwNth ,ayhJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;. ,e;j epiyapy; g+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sikg;igg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ehk; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba topKiwjhk; vd;d?. 

mw;Gj rf;jp nfhz;l ahNuDk; g+kpf;Fs; ,wq;fpr; nrd;W mjd; cs;sikg;igg; glk; gpbj;J kPz;Lk; NkNywp te;J ekf;F tpguk; jUthh;fsh?. ehnshU NkdpAk; nghOnjhU tz;zKkhf ek;ik tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j etPd tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpy; $l ,g;gbg;gl;l fw;gidfs; fyq;fpa rpj;jj;jpd; ntspaPnldf; $wj; Njhd;WfpwJ my;yth?.

Mdhy; ,j;J}a kiwapd; Mrphpadhk;> ahitAk; kpifj;J jd;dpfuw;W epw;Fk; ,iwtd;> jd;dhy; gilf;fg;gl;l ,f;Nfhsig; gw;wpg; giwrhw;Wk; mw;Gjj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. mtd; $Wfpwhd;:
'g+kpf;Fs; nry;fpd;wtw;iwAk; mjpypUe;J ntspNaWfpd;wtw;iwAk; thdj;jpypUe;J ,wq;Fgtw;iwAk;> mjd;ghy; VWfpd;wtw;iwAk; mtd; mwpfpwhd;. mtd; kpf;f md;GilNahd;: kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;." (mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 34tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;J]; ]ghtpd; 02tJ trdk;).

gapd;w tpj;ijfs; ahTk; gad;gLj;jpAk;> g+kpad; NkNyhl;ilf; $lj; Jisf;f ,ayhky; etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfk; jpzwpf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> ,Njh 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; te;j mUs;kiw Fh;Md; g+kpf;Fs; ,wq;fpr; nry;gitfSk;> mjw;Fs;spypUe;J NkNywp tuf; $baitfSk; cz;L; vd;Wk; mitfis ,iwtd; mwpfpwhd; vd;Wk; tpaj;jF jftiyj; je;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

ghpRj;j Fh;Md; tpopj;NjhJk; ,e;j tpaj;jF jfty; nka;nad;why;> g+kpapd; cs;sikg;igg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;F ehk; ,itfisNa gad;gLj;j ,ayhjh? etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpw;F ,jidg; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iyah?.

fpilj;J tpl;ld! g+kpf;Fs; ,wq;ff; $baitfSk;> g+kpapypUe;J NkNywp tuf; $baitfSk; jpUkiw $wpathW nka;ahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. NkYk; g+kpapd; mikg;igg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s mitfs; JizahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vdf; $WfpwJ etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfk;.

jpUkiwapd; $w;Wf;F ,ira> g+kpf;Fs; gazk; nra;fpd;witfspy; ,f;fl;LiuNahL njhlh;Gila xd;iw kl;Lk; ghh;g;Nghk;.

nghUl;fs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W NkhJk; NghJ mjph;Tfs; cUthfpd;wd vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. ,e;j mjph;Tfs; mg;nghUl;fisr; #o;e;jpUf;Fk; Clfq;fs; (epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W Nghd;wit) topahf Nkhjypd; tYtpw;Nfw;g ehw;GwKk; guTfpd;wd. g+kpapy; Vw;gLfpd;w ve;j xU NkhjYk; mitfspd; tYtpw;Nfw;g g+kpf;Fs; fPopwq;fpr; nry;fpd;wd. ,t;thW fPopwq;fpr; nry;fpd;w mjph;Tfs; g+kpf;Fs; xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; vjpubf;fg;gl;L Nky; Nehf;fpAk; tUfpd;wd. rj;jpaj; jpUkiw mz;l ruhruq;fspd; gilg;ghsdhfpa ,iwtdplkpUe;Nj te;Js;sJ vd;gij mwptpay; fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gj;jhd; g+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sikg;igg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;F tpQ;QhdpfSf;Fj; Jiz nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,ijAk; RUf;fkhff; fhz;Nghk;.

g+Nfhsk; vd;gJ jhJf; (Minerals)fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; xU [lg; nghUs; (Matter) MFk;. jhJf;fs; vd;git ,urhazr; Nrh;kq;fs; (Chemical Compounds) MFk;. ,urhazr; Nrh;kq;fs; vd;git jdpkq;fspd; fyitahFk;. jdpkq;fs; vd;git jdpj;jdp nghUl;fshFk;. jdpj;jdp nghUl;fs; vd;git ,Uk;G> jq;fk;> fhp> f;Nshhpd;> nkh;Fhp> Mf;]p[d;> epahd; Nghd;w ,jug; nghUl;fspd; fyg;gpd;wpj; jdpj;jpUf;Fk; gw;gy nghUl;fshFk;. vdNt g+Nfhsk; vd;gNj jdpkq;fspd; fyit vdf; $wyhk;. jdpkq;fs; ahTk; mitfSf;Nf chpa mlh;j;jpAk;> gSTk; nfhz;Ls;sd.

jdpkq;fspd; fyitahd ,e;j g+Nfhsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpy; Jisfis mikj;J mitfspy; ntbfis ntbf;f itj;J mjpypUe;J cUthFk; mjph;Tfs; g+kpf;Fs; ,wq;fpr; nrd;W> jpUk;gTk; vjpubj;J NkNywp tUtij fUtpfspy; ngw;W mit gazk; nra;j Neuj;jpypUe;J> gazk; nra;j Ntfj;ijf; fzf;fpLfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j fzf;fPLfs; mjph;tiyfs; gazk; nra;j Ntfj;jpy; Vw;w ,wf;fq;fis fhl;Lfpd;wd.

jdpkq;fspd; fyitahf fhzg;gLk; g+Nfhsk; mjd; midj;Jg; gFjpfspYk; xNu tpjkhd fyit tpfpjj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mjph;tiyfspd; Ntfj;jpy; Vw;w ,wf;fq;fis fhz ,ayhJ. Vnddpy; fyitapd; tpfpjk; (Ratio) xd;whf ,Ue;jhy; mjd; mlh;j;jpAk;; (Density) xd;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mlh;j;jp xd;whf ,Ue;jhy; NtfKk; xNu khjphpahf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt Ntfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; khWjy;fspypUe;J g+Nfhsk; vd;gJ xNu xU jpz;kg; nghUs; ,y;iynad;Wk;> mJ gw;gy mlh;j;jpfisf; nfhz;l mLf;Ffshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lNj vd;Wk; etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; epy mjph;tiy Ma;Tfs; (Seismic Survey) njspTgLj;jpr; rj;jpaj; jpUkiw nka;ahd ,iwtdpd; thh;j;ijfNs vd;gjw;F rhd;wspf;fpd;wd.

mLf;Ffspd; njhFg;gha; fhzg;gLk; ekJ g+Nfhsj;ijj; jw;NghJ %d;W Kjd;ikj; njhFjpfisAk;> 11 cg njhFjpfisAk; nfhz;l Xh; mikg;ghf mjph;tiy Ma;TfspypUe;J tpQ;Qhdpfs; Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. mitfSs; KjyhtJ Kjd;ikj; njhFjp g+Nfhsj;jpd; NkNyhL |(Crust) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; mjpfgl;rg; gUkd; 70fp.kP. MFk;. ,J tz;ly; (Sedimentary) ,yFg; ghiw (Metamorphic) fbdg; ghiw> (Igneous) vd %d;W cg njhFjpfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jw;fLj;jhw;Nghd;W g+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sLf;F (Mantle) fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J MW cgnjhFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

cs;sLf;fpd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J ,j;njhFjpfs Muk;gkhfpd;wd. Kjy; cgnjhFjp cs;sLf;fpd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J 100 Kjy; 150 fp.kP. Mok;tiuapYk;> ,uz;lhtJ cgnjhFjp mjw;Ff; fPo; 200 fp.kP. Mok; tiuapYk;> %d;whtJ cgnjhFjp mjw;Ff; fPo; 400 fp.kP. Mok; tiuapYk;> ehd;fhtJ cgnjhFjp mjw;Ff; fPo; 800 fp.kP. Mok; tiuapYk;> Ie;jhtJ cgnjhFjp mjw;Ff; fPo; 1200 fp.kP. Mok; tiuapYk;> MwhtJ cg njhFjp mjw;Ff; fPo; 2900 fp.kP. tiuapYk; gutpAs;sJ. ,jw;Ff; fPo; g+Nfhsj;jpd; ikaf;fU (Core) vDk; %d;whtJ Kjd;ikj; njhFjp fhzg;gLfpwJ. mJTk; ,jd; ikag;gFjpapy; jput epiyiaAk;> mjd; ntspg;Gwj;jpy; jpl epiyiaAk; nfhz;l ,U cgnjhFjpfshfg; gphpe;J fplg;gjha; tpQ;Qhdpfs; Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.

xd;wd; kPJ xd;wha; mLf;fg;gl;L fplf;Fk; ,j;njhFg;gpy;> Kjyhk; Kjd;ikj; njhFg;ghfpa g+Nfhsj;jpd; Xl;Lg; gFjpiaj;jhd; ,Jtiu tpQ;Qhdpfs; XusT jpUg;jpfukhf Muha;e;J te;Js;shh;fs;. ,th;fspd; Ma;tpypUe;J g+Nfhsj;jpd; Xl;Lg; gFjp nkhj;jKk; rpW rpW gbtq;fspd; (Formations) vz;zw;w mLf;Ffshy; mike;j njhFg;Ng vd;w cz;ik fz;lwpag;gl;L> mJ rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; $w;W cz;ikNa vd NkYk; ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

g+Nfhsj;jpd; Xl;Lg; gFjpapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; mLf;Ffspy; kz;gbtq;fs; (Soil Formations) fspkz; gbtq;fs; (Clay Formations) kzy; gbtq;fs; (Sand Formations) fspf;fy; kw;Wk; kzw;ghiw gbtq;fs; (Clay Stone and Sand Stone Formations) cjph; gbtq;fs; (Silt Formations) fy;fhpg; gbtq;fs; (Corbanate Formations) kw;Wk; fq;f;NyhkpNul;> [pg;rk;> n\h;l;> lal;Nlhikl; (Conglomerate, gypsum, Chert, Diatomite formations) gbtq;fs; Nghd;wit Xl;Lg; gFjpapd; Nkw;gug;ig xl;ba gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; mLf;Ffspy; Fwpg;gplj; jf;f rpy tiffshFk;. 

Xl;Lg; gFjpapd; fPo;g;gFjpapy; nrh;ngd;ild; (Serpentine) NlhNyikl; (Dolomite) fg;Nuhk;gp Nghiyl; (Gabbroamphipolite) khh;gpd; (Marble) ty;fdpf; ghiwfs; (Volconic Rocks) Nghd;w gbtq;fspd; tiffSk; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fitfshFk;. 

G+Nfhsj;jpd; cs;sLf;Ffs; kw;Wk; ikaf; fU Mfpaitfisg; gw;wpa $Ljy; tpguq;fs; tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; ,y;iynadpDk;> NkNyhl;ilg; gw;wpa Ma;tpypUe;Nj Gtpf; Nfhsk; vd;gJ gw;gy tifahd vz;zw;w gbtq;fspd; mLf;Fj;njhluhy; mikf;fg;gl;lNj vd;w mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;gpd; thapyhfj; jpUkiw Fh;Mid> mwpe;Njh> mwpahkNyh mth;fs; ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

Rpe;jidj; jpwk; kpf;f mwptpay; md;gh;fNs! ,q;qdk; tpQ;Qhdg; NgUyfk; ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xt;nthU mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gk; khkiw Fh;Mid nka;g;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; khe;jUs; rpyh; ,k;khkiwia ngha;g;gpf;f epidg;gJ mwpTilik Mfhjh?.

etPd tpQ;Qhdj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu ,Uz;l fhykha; vz;zg;gLk; 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Ke;jpa fhy fl;lj;jpy; Mfhaq;fisg; Nghd;Nw g+NfhsKk; mLf;Ffspd; njhFg;Ng vd;Wk;> g+Nfhsj;jpd; kPJ kiyapd; ePsj;ijnahj;j xU gpsit ahuhYk; mikf;f ,ayhJ vd;Wk; mNj Neuj;jpy; g+kpf;Fs; ,wq;fpr; nry;yf; $baitfSk;> mjw;Fs;spypUe;J NkNywp tuf; $baitfSk; cz;L vd;Wk; ve;j xU eguhyhtJ fw;gidahfpYk; nra;J ghh;j;jpUf;f KbAkh? mth; xU khngUk; tpQ;QhdpahfNt ,Uf;fl;Lk;.

vdNt mwptpaypd; mgpkhdpfNs! cz;ikfis cz;ikg; gLj;Jtjpy; gpwUf;F ehk; topfhl;bfsha; - rpwe;j Kd;khjphpfsha;j; jpfo Ntz;Lk; vd;w mthtpid ekf;Fs; rpyh; nray;gLj;jhjpUe;jhy; rhpahFkh? rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?.