caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpy; ,urhaz tpe;ijfs;;..!

caphpdq;fspd; tpisepykhf g+Nfhsk; mike;jpUf;f> mjd; mz;ilf; Nfhs;fspYk;> Jizf; Nfhs;fspYnky;yhk; caphpd; RtNl fhzg;glhky; ntwpr;Nrhbf; fplg;gjw;Ff; fhuznkd;d?

g+Nfhsj;jpy; Njhd;wpa caphpdq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;j %yg; nghUl;fs; ahit?

caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jp;w;F Vw;w tifapy; g+Nfhsj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l ,aw;ifr; #oy;fs; ahit?

Nkw;fz;l tpdhf;fSf;Fj; njspthf tpilaspj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwahk; J}a Fh;MDila caphpay; kw;Wk; thdpay;> tspapay; rhh;e;j trdq;fisAk; mitfis nka;nad ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; etPd tpQ;Qhd cyfpd; mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fisg; gw;wpAk; Kd; fl;Liuapy; fz;Nlhk;. mLj;jgbahf> capuw;wjpypUe;J caphpdk; Njhd;wpa tpaf;fj;jF tpe;ijfs; Kjyhtjhf vq;F> vg;NghJ> vt;thW Muk;gpj;jd vd;gijAk; mt;thW Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Kjy; caphpdk; ahJ vd;gijg; gw;wpAk; RUq;ff; fz;Nlhk;.

jpUf;FHMd; kl;Lkpd;wp Vida kf;fshy; Ntjq;fshf kjpf;fg;gLfpd;w ,ju E}y;fSk; caphpdj; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;J mf;fiu fhl;bAs;sd vd;gijAk; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; mitfNshL ve;j mstpw;F Kuz;gl;L epw;fpd;wd vd;gijAk; ehk; mwpNthk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; Vida Ntjq;fspd; epiy kl;Lkpd;wp ,j;Jiwapy; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l gw;gy tpQ;Qhdpfspd; mwptpay; Nfhl;ghLfSk; ,e;j epiyiaNa re;jpf;f Neh;e;Js;sd.

rhd;whf caphpdj; Njhw;wk; vq;F Muk;gpj;jd vDk; tpdhit vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ,jw;Fhpa tpilahf <u kz;zpypUe;J vypfSk;> gdpj;JspfspypUe;J tpl;by;fSk;> mOfpa khkprj;jpypUe;J <f;fSk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd vdf;$wpdhh; gz;il fpNuf;f tpQ;Qhdpfspy; jiyrpwe;j mwpQUk;> caphpaypd; je;ijnad ,d;wsTk; kjpf;fg;gl;L tUk; mhp];lhl;by;. ,tUila fUj;Jg;gb caphpdq;fs; vt;tpj tiuKiwAkpd;wp Rakhf my;yJ jd;dpr;irahf (Spontaneously) kw;Wk; njhlh;r;rpahf (Continiously) gpwf;fpd;wd vdf; nfhs;syhk;. ,tUila Nfhl;ghl;il Mjhpj;j vgpfpa+u]; (Epicurus) vDk; kw;nwhU mwptpayhsh; GO> jtis Nghd;w caphpdq;fs; kz; my;yj NtW tif cug; nghUl;fspypUe;J (Manure) Njhd;Wtjhf jk; gq;fpw;Ff; $wpdhh;. ,th;fshy; $wg;gl;l ,e;j caphpapy; Nfhl;ghL mgpNah n[dp]p]; (Abinogenesis) my;yJ ];Nghlhdpa]; n[dNu\d; (Spontaneous Generation) vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;Nfhl;ghL 17Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu ek;gg;gl;L te;jJ. mhp];lhl;bypd; caphpay; Nfhl;ghl;ilg;Nghy; gutyhf tuNtw;igg; ngw;w kw;nwhU Nfhl;ghL 'hp];lh;" (Richter) vDk; mwptpayhsuhy; 1865y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tUila Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb njhiytpYs;s Nfhs;fs; g+kpapd; kPJ tpz;fw;fisg; nghoptjhfTk; mt;thW tUk; tpz;fw;fNs g+kpf;F caphpdq;fisf; nfhz;L te;jJ vdTk; $WfpwJ. mhp];lhl;bypd; Nfhl;ghl;ilf; fhl;bYk; tYthd mwptpay; Mjhuq;fs; ,jpy; fhzg;gLtjhff; $wp 'vy;k; N`hy;];" (Helmholtz) kw;Wk; mhpdpa]; (Arrhenius) Nghd;w tpQ;Qhdpfs; ,tuJ Nfhl;ghl;il Mjhpj;jdh;. ,f;Nfhl;ghL 'ghd;]; ghpkpahf; Nfhl;ghL" (Theory of Panspermia) vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;fz;l Nfhl;ghLfspy; vJ nka;ahf ,Ug;gpDk; caphpdq;fspd; cw;gj;jpf; Nfe;jpuq;fshf kz;> gdpj;Jsp> khkprj;jpd; mOfy;> my;yJ NtW Nfhs;fs; vdg; nghUs;gLfpwJ. gz;ilf;fhyk; njhl;L etPd tpQ;Qhd fhyk; 19Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuapyhd mwptpay; Nfhl;ghLfs; caphpdj;jpd; tpisepyj;ijg; gw;wp ,t;thW Ma;e;Jiuf;Fk; NghJ ,itfis vy;yhk; Gwe;js;sptpl;L ,itfspypUe;njy;yhk; khWgl;l kw;nwhU Nfhl;ghl;il ,Njh 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj mwptpay; cyfpw;F fw;Wj; jUfpwJ khkiw Fh;Md;.

jpUkiw $WfpwJ:

'epr;rakhf thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; ,ize;jpUe;jd vd;gijAk; mtw;iw ehNk gphpj;Njhk; vd;gijAk;> capUs;s xt;nthd;iwAk; ehk; ePhpypUe;J gilj;Njhk; vd;gijAk; (,e;jf; Fh;Md; ekJ thh;j;ijfs; ,y;iy vdf;$wp) epuhfhpg;gth;fs; ghh;f;ftpy;iyah? (,itfis vy;yhk; Muha;e;J ghh;j;j gpd;Gk;) mth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tpy;iyah?." (my; - Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 21 ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah - tpd; 30tJ trdk;).

vt;tsT mw;Gjkhd trdk;! ,JTk;> ,ijg;Nghd;W Vida trdq;fSk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l rhuhiu - mjhtJ vij ek;Gtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ mwptpay; Mjhuk; ngw;Ws;sjh vd tpdTk; mstpw;F mwptpay; tsh;r;rpAk;> mwptpay; gw;Wk; nfhz;lth;fis - Fwpg;ghfTk;> rpwg;ghfTk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L vOg;gg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpdhf;fs; md;Nwh ,JNghd;w trdq;fs;!

nka;ahfNt Mfhaq;fSk;> g+kpAk; ,ize;jpUe;jd vdTk; gpwF mit tpyfp ,d;iwa epiyia mile;jd vdTk; me;j epfo;r;rpiaj; njhlh;e;J caphpdj; Njhw;wk; cyfpy; eilngw;wd vdTk; mt;thW eilngw;w caphpdj; Njhw;wk; ePhpy;jhk; eilngw;wd vdTk; ek;gf;$ba mwptpay; gw;whsh; ahNuDk; cz;nldpy; mtuhy; ,t;trdj;ij kl;Lk; ,iwtDila thh;j;ijapy;iynad vt;thW Gwf;fzpf;f ,aYk;?. mtUila ek;gpf;iff;F ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; rhd;wspf;fpwJ vdTk; mjd; fhuzkhfNt mth; mij ek;GtjhfTk; $Wthuhapd; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; mwptpaYf;F kl;LNk njhpaf; $ba mwptpay; cz;ikfs; Vohk; E}w;whz;Lf;F (jpUkiwf;F) vg;gbj; njhpe;jpUf;f ,aYk;?.
vdNt vij kWg;gjw;Fk;> Vw;fhkypUg;gjw;Fk; mwptpaiyf; fhuzk; fhl;b mwpthh;e;j thjq;fis Kd; itg;gth;fs; Neh;ikahsh;fshf ,Ue;jhy; jpUkiwapd; ghYk; mwptpaiyr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;! ,q;F kl;Lk; mwptpaiyg; Gwk; js;sp tul;Lr; rpj;jhj;jq;fisg; Ngrp mwptpaiyg; ghobg;gth;fspd; topKiwfis gpd;gw;WtJ KiwahfhJ.

caphpdj;Njhw;wk; vq;F epfo;e;jJ vDk; tpdhtpw;F ePh; epiyNa cappdj; Njhw;wj;ij epfo;j;jpaJ vDk; gjpiyNa jpUkiw Fh;Md; ekf;F toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

mg;gbg; ghh;j;jhy; hp\;lh; kw;Wk; mhp];lhl;by; Nghd;w mwptpay; mwpQh;fs; Njhw;Wtpj;j Nfhl;ghLfspd; epiy vd;d? tof;fk;Nghy; mf;Nfhl;ghLfisAk; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; tpQ;Qhdpfspd; jtwhd Nfhl;ghLfs; vdf;$wp Gwk; js;sptpl;lhh;fs;.

hp\;lhpd; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; nghUj;jtiu mth; $wpathW nka;ahfNt tpz;fw;fspy; caphpdq;fs; ,Ug;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;$l mit g+kpf;F capUld; tu ,ayhJ. Vnddpy; tpz;ntspapy; mit re;jpf;f Ntz;ba kpFjpahd ntg;gKk; fjph;tP;r;Rj; njhy;iyfSk; (Radiation Hazards) me;j caphpdq;fisf; nfhd;W tpLk;. ,J kl;Lkpd;wp tpz;ntsp Ma;Tfspy; Vw;gl;l Kd;Ndwq;fs; thapyhf tpz;fw;fs; tpOfpd;w Vida Nfhs;fs; Jizf; Nfhs;fs; vjpYk; cahpdq;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gJk; ,tUila Nfhl;ghl;il kWg;gjw;F tpQ;Qhdpfsplk; NghJkhd Mjhukha; mikfpwJ.

mhp];lhl;bypd; Nfhl;ghl;il Nrhjidfspd; tpisthff; fpilj;j KbTfspd; thapyhf tpQ;Qhdpfs; jtnwd ep&gpj;Js;shh;fs;. gpuhd;]p];Nfh hPb (Fransisco Redi) vDk; ,j;jhypa ehl;L ,aw;gpay; tpQ;Qhdp ,we;j kPd;fisf; nfhz;L -1668 y; xU Nrhjid elj;jpdhh;. ,th; ,we;j kPd;fis %d;W FLitfspy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. ,itfspy; xU FLitiaj; jpwe;Nj itj;jhh;. kw;nwhU FLitapd; tha;g;gFjpia neUf;fkhfg; gpd;dg;gl;l tiyahYk;> %d;whtJ FLitapd; thia nky;ypa NjhyhYk; (Parchment Paper) fl;bdhh;.

rpy ehl;fspy; FLitapYs;s kPd;fs; mOfj; Jtq;fpd. clNd FLitfisr; Rw;wp <f;fs; gwe;jd. NkYk; rpy ehl;fs; nrd;wgpd; mth; FLitfisr; Nrhjidf;Fl;gLj;jpdhh;. mr;Nrhjidapy; Kjy; FLitapy; cs;s khkprj;jpd; mOfypy; mth; <f;fspd; tsh;GOf;fs; ,Ug;gij fz;lhh;. Mdhy; ,uz;lhtJ FLitapy; mitfis mth; khkprj;jpy; fhztpy;iy. Mdhy; mitfis mth; FLitapd; tha; %lg;gl;l tiyg; gpd;dypy; fz;lhh;. Mdhy; %d;whtJ FLitiag; nghUj;jkl;by; mitfis mth; vq;Fk; fhztpy;iy.

hPbapd; ,r;Nrhjid mhp];lhl;by; $wpathW khkprj;jpd; mOfypy; ,Ue;J <f;fs; cUthFk; vd;gJ jtW vd;gij ep&gpj;jJ. Vnddpy; FLitapy; itf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; mOfj; Jtq;fpaJk; mjd; ehw;wk; ntspg;gl;ljhy; <f;fs; mjd;ghy; <h;f;fg;gl;L Kjy; FLitf;Fs; mit GFe;J khkprj;jpd; kPJ mkh;e;jd. vdNt <f;fs; me;j khkprj;jpy; Kl;ilapl;ljhy;jhk; mitfspd; tsh;GOf;fs; (Maggots) khkprj;jpy; Njhd;wpd. ,uz;lhtJ FLit tiyg;gpd;dyhy; %lg;gl;ljhy; mjw;Fs; GfKbahky; <f;fs; tiyapd; kPJ mkh;e;jd. vdNt mit tiyapd; kPJ Kl;ilapl;ljhy; tiyapd; kPJ tsh; GOf;fs; Njhd;wpd.

Mdhy; %d;whtJ FLitapd; epiyNa NtW. mjpypUe;J mOfypd; ehw;wk; ntspNaw ,ayhjthW Njhyhy; %lg;gl;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy; ehw;wk; ntspg;glTk; ,y;iy. vdNt mf;FLitapd;ghy; <f;fs; <Hf;fg;glNth my;yJ <f;fs; mjd;kPJ mkuNth nra;atpy;iy. vdNt mf;FLitapd; cs;NsNah my;yJ ntspapNyh tsh; GOf;fs; Njhd;wtpy;iy. vdNt hPbapd; Nrhjid mOfpa khkprj;jpypUe;J <f;fs; Njhd;Wk; vd;gij kWj;J <f;fspypUe;Nj <f;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;gij ep&gpj;jJ.

,r;Nrhjidapd; thapyhf caphpdq;fspd; tpisepyj;jpy; xd;whf mOfpa khkprk; nray;gLtjhf $wg;gl;l Nfhl;ghl;il hPb ngha;g;gpj;jNghjpYk;> caphpdq;fspd; tpisepyk; vJ vd;gijg; gw;wp mtuJ Ma;T vijAk; $wtpy;iy. Vnddpy; <f;fspypUe;Nj <f;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;gijj;jhk; mr;Nrhjidf; fhl;Lfpd;wNjad;wp "<f;fs;" vd;Dk; caphpdk; Kjyhtjhf cyfpy; vq;F> vt;thW Njhd;wpd vd;gijg;gw;wp mr;NrhjidapypUe;J ve;j tpguKk; ngw ,ayhJ. Mdhy; ehk; Njbr; nry;Yk; fUg;nghUs; mJNtahFk;.

caphpdq;fs; cyfpy; vq;F Njhd;wpd vDk; tpdhtpw;F mhp];lhl;by; fhl;Lk; kw;nwhU tpisepyk; kz; vd;gjhFk;. vt;thW Njhd;Wfpd;wd vDk; tpdhtpw;F jd;dpr;irahfTk;> njhlh;r;rpahfTk; (jpBh; jpBnud) Njhd;wfpd;wd vd;gjhFk;. ,ij Y}ap gh];lh; (Louis Pasteur) vDk; Ez;Zaphpay; kw;Wk; caph; Ntjpapay; tpQ;Qhdp 1862 y; elj;jpa kw;nwhU Nrhjid %yk; kWf;fpwhh;.

mth; kz;zpy; fpilf;Fk; rpy ,urhaz (Sugar Yeast) Cl;lg; nghUl;fspd; fiuriy (Nutrient Broth) rpy FLitfspy; jahhpj;jhh;. mjd; gpwF mf;fiuriy ed;F nfhjpf;fitj;;jhh;. ePuhtp ntspNaWtjw;fhd ,U KidfSk; tise;j "S" tbtj;jpy; ePz;l Foha; FlitfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

FLitapYs;s fiury; nfhjpf;f Muk;gpj;jJk; FLitapy; Vw;nfdNt ,Uf;ff;$ba Ez;Zaphpfs; (Micro Organism) nfhy;yg;gLtNjhL mjpypUe;J ntspNaWk; ePuhtpf; FLitapy; Vw;nfdNt jq;fpapUf;Fk; fhw;iwAk; ntspNaw;Wfpd;wJ. Nrhjidahsh; rpy FLitfis ,Nj epiyapy; tpl;Litj;jhh;. rpy FLitfspd; ,izg;Gf; Foha;fspd; ntspg;Gw tisit Fspur; nra;jhh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf mjd; topahf - ntspr; nry;Yk; ePuhtp mlh;j;jp kpFjpahfp mq;NfNa jq;f itf;fg;gl;lJ. FLitfis nfhjpf;f itf;Fk; nraiy epWj;jpa gpwF Vida FLitfSf;Fs; ntspapypUe;J fhw;W FLitf;Fs; Eioe;jJ. Mdhy; ve;j FLitfspd; ,izg;Gf;Foha;fis Fspu itj;jhNuh mitfSf;Fs; xU J}Rj; jLg;ghd; (Dust Trap) cUthf;fg;gl;ljhy; (fiurypd; Mtp Fspuitf;fg;gl;ljhy; cUthd ,Wjpg; nghUs; ,t;thW J}Rj; jLg;ghdhf gad;gl;lJ) FLitapYs;s fiurYld; ntspf;fhw;W njhlh;G nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy.

FLitfis ,e;j epiyapy; rpy ehl;fs; itj;jpUe;j gpwF Nrhjidf;Fl;gLj;jpdhh;. mg;NghJ J}Rj; jLg;ghd; ,y;yhj FLitfspy; Ez;Zaph;fs; cUthfp ,Ug;gijAk; J}Rj; JLg;ghd; mikag; ngw;wpUe;j FLitfs; gy ehl;fs; nrd;w gpwFk; $l mitfspy; Ez;Zaphpfs; cUthfhky; ,Ug;gijAk; fz;lhh;. Mdhy; mNj FLitfspy; J}Rj; jLg;ghid cilj;jNghJ kPz;Lk; mNj fiurypy; Ez;Zaphpfs; cUthtijf; fz;lhh;. ,jpypUe;J FLitfspy; cUthFk; Ez;zpaphpfs; Vw;nfdNt fhw;wpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba Ez;zpaphpfNsad;wp FLitapy; Nrfhpj;j kz;tsg; nghUl;fspy; jd;dpr;irahf cUthd caphpdq;fs; ,y;iy vdj; njhpe;jJ. Y}ap gh];luhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,r;Nrhjidf;Fg; gpwF mhp];lhl;byypd; caph;j;Njhw;w Nfhl;ghl;il mwptpay; cyfk; epue;jukhf epuhfhpj;J tpl;lJ.

gh];lhpd; NrhjidfSk; ehk; Kd;dh; fz;lJ Nghy; caphpdk; vq;F> vt;thW Njhd;WfpwJ vd mhp];lhl;by; $wpdhNuh> mij kWf;fpwNjad;wp caphpdk; vq;F> vt;thW Njhd;wpaJ vDk; tpdhtpw;F mthplk; gjpy; ,y;iy. Vnddpy; mtUila Nrhjid Ez;zpaphpfs; fhw;wpy; Vw;nfdNt ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gijj;jhk; ep&gpj;jJ. Mdhy; ehk; Njbr; nry;Yk; fUg;nghUs; caphpdk; - mJ fhw;wpy; gutpa Ez;zpaphpfshapDk; rhp - cyfpy; vt;thW Njhd;wpd vd;gjhFk;.

g+kpapy; caphpdk; Njhd;wpaJ njhlh;ghf hp\;lh; kw;Wk; mhp];lhl;bypd; Nfhl;ghLfs; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwf;F Kuz;gl;ljhy; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; mwptpay; cyfk; mitfisj; jfh;j;J tpl;lJ. ,e;j epiyapy; caphpdq;fs; ahTk; ePhpypUe;Nj Njhd;wpd; vdf; $Wk; jpUkiwapd; trdj;jpd; epiy vd;d? jpUkiw $Wk; mwptpay; ep&gpf;Fk; tYthd Mjhuq;fs; vJTk; ,Jtiu fz;lwpag; gltpy;iyah?.

caphpdq;fs; ePhpypUe;J Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vdf; fUjf; $ba mwptpayhsh;fs; lhh;tpDf;F Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; $l ,J Fwpj;J kWf;F Kbahj tYthd Mjhuj;ijj; je;J cyfg; Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;ff; $bath; Nrhtpaj; ehl;bd; caph; Ntjpapay; tpQ;Qhdp V. I. xghpd; (A. I. OPARIN). caphpdj; Njhw;wk; (Orgin of Life) vDk; jiyg;gpy; 1924 y; mtUila E}y; ntspalg;gl;lJk; mwptpay; cyfk; gugug;gile;jJ.

,tUila Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb ,d;W cyfpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w ML> khL> Gyp> GO> vyp> jtis> <> fOF Nghd;w rpw;wpdq;fs; (rpw;wpdq;fs; - Species - vd;git jdpj;jdp caphpd tiffshFk;. NtW tpjj;jpy; $wpdhy; ve;nje;j caphpdq;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; ,dtpUj;jp nra;fpd;wdNth> mitfs; xNu rpw;wpdj;ijr; rhh;e;jitfshFk;. ,itfspy; mhpjhf rpy tpjptpyf;FfSk; cz;L) mhp];lhl;by; $wpdhh;Nghd;W ve;j tiuKiwAkpd;wp jd;dpr;irahf mg;gbag;gbNa cyfpy; Njhd;wptpy;iy. khwhf caphpdk; Njhd;wpa epfo;r;rpahdJ capuw;w nghUl;fspypUe;J gbg;gbahf Kd;Ndwpte;j ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rpapd; tpisNt vdf; $WfpwJ. mt;thW eilngw;w ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; ghpzhkj;jpd; tpisthf cahpdk; vq;F Njhd;wpaJ vDk; tpdhtpw;F mit ePhpy;jhk; Njhd;wpd vdf; $Wfpwhh; Xghpd; vDk; mwptpay; mwpQh;. ,tUila Nfhl;ghL ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; ghpzhkf; Nfhl;ghL (Theory of Chemical Elevation) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

capuw;witfspypUe;J cahpdk; Njhd;WtjhfTk;> me;j epfo;r;rp ePhpy; eilngWtjhfTk; $wpa rj;jpaj; jpUkiwapd; $w;iw ,k;kpAk; gpwyhky; ep&gpf;f te;j XghpDila Nfhl;ghl;by; caphpdj; Njhw;wk; ePhpy; eilngw;wJ vd;gjw;F tYthd Mjhuk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

ehk; trpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j g+kp Muk;gj;jpy; (500 Nfhb tUlq;fSf;F Kd;) ntg;gkhf ,Ue;jjhy; g+kpiar; #oe;jpUe;j tsp kz;lyKk; ntg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt tsp kz;lyg; nghUl;fs; %yf; $Wfshf ,y;yhky; jdpj;jdp mZf;fshfNt ,Ue;jd. g+kp gbg;gbahf Fsph;e;J te;jjhy; tspkz;lyKk; Fspuj; Jtq;fpaJ. vdNt tsp kz;lyg; nghUl;fs; %yf; $Wfshf ,ize;J i`l;u[d;> fhpakpythA> kPNjd;> mNkhdpah> i`l;u[d; raidL (,itfspy; i`l;u[d; raidilj; jtpu Vida Nrh;kq;fs; vt;thW cUthfpwJ vd;gij - caphpdj; Njhw;wk; - vd;fpw njhlhpy; $wpAs;Nshk;. i`l;u[d; - raidL - HCN - vd;gJ i`l;u[d;> fhp> iel;u[d; Mfpa Nrh;kq;fshFk;) Nghd;w ,urhadr; Nrh;kq;fis cUthf;Fk; ghpzhk tpid Muk;gkhfpwJ. caphpdq;fs; cUthtjw;F Nkw;fz;l ,urhazg; nghUl;fs; kpf kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy. vdNt cahpdj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fspd; xUgFjp fhw;wpy; ,Ue;jJ.

kWgf;fk; caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; kw;nwhU gFjp cg;Gf;fs;> jhJg;nghUl;fs;> fhh;igLfs; (SALTS, ROCK MINARALS, CARBIDES) Nghd;witfs; (kz;zpy;) fhzg;gl;lJ. vdNt caphpdk; Njhd;Wk; nghUl;L tpz;zpYk;> kz;zpYk; gutpf; fple;j cap&l;lg; nghUl;fs; Xhplj;jpy; jpus Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;lJ. ,j;Njitia ePh; epiyahy; kl;LNk epiwNtw;w Kbe;jJ.

g+kp Fspuj; Jtq;fpaJk;> fhw;wpy; ,Ue;j ePuhtp ,Wfp ePuhf khwNt g+kpapd; kPJ gyj;j kio nga;a Muk;gpj;jJ. kio ePh; Kd;dh; $wg;gl;l ,urhazg; nghUl;fis tsp kz;lyj;jpypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk; fiuj;njLj;J rKj;jpuj;jpy; nfhz;L te;J Nrh;j;jJ. ,jdhy; g+kpapd; kpf Ke;jpa fly; ePh; cap&l;lg;nghUsha; (Nutrient) cUthfp caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Vw;w tifapy; mikag;ngw;wJ. vdNt capUs;sit ahTk; ePhpypUe;Nj cUthf;fg;gl;ld vdf; $Wk; jpUkiwapd; trdj;ij ep&gpf;Fk; tpjkhf Xghpdhy; $wg;gl;l Nfhl;ghl;il vt;tpj IaKkpd;wp mwptpay; cyfk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ. 

mLj;j fl;l ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; ghpzhkk; tpis ePhpy; eilngWfpwJ. ,jw;F Mw;wy; (Energy) kpfTk; Njitg;gl;lJ. mj;Njitapd; ngUk;gFjp tpz;zpypUe;J ,wq;fpaJ. mg;Nghija tpz;ntsp ,d;W ehk; fhz;gijg;Nghd;w tprhykhd tpz;ntspahf ,y;yhky;> FWfpa gug;gpy; ,Ue;jJ vd Kd; njhlh;fspy; fz;Ls;Nshk;. vdNt #hpaDk; ,ju el;rj;jpuq;fSk;> g+kpf;F neUf;fkhf ,Ue;jNjhL tsp kz;lyk; FWfpa (Reduced Atmosphere) epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. vdNt #hpadpypUe;J rf;jptha;e;j Gw Cjhf;fjph;tPr;ir (mg;NghJ tsp kz;lyj;jpy; XNrhd; mLf;F cUthftpy;iy) G+Nfhsj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa rKj;jpuq;fs; ngw;wd. 

xUGwk; #hpadpypUe;J ,t;thW Mw;wy; ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ> kWgf;fk; kpfg; gyk; tha;e;j kpd;dy;fshy; ngUksT kpd;rhuKk; ePhpy; ,wq;fpaJ. ePhpy; ,wq;fpa ,t;tpU Mw;wy;fSk; mjpy; Vw;nfdNt Nrh;e;jpUe;j ,urhazr; Nrh;kq;fspypUe;J (HCN - CH3- CH4 - CQ2 - Etc.,) vspa mq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fspd; %Yf; $Wfis njhFj;jJ.

(mq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fs; - Organic Compounds - vd;git caphpdq;fspd; clypy; fhzg;gLk; kppf Kf;fpakhd mbg;gil nghUl;fshFk;. ,g;nghUl;fs; ,y;yhky; ve;j caphpdKk; cUthf ,ayhJ. ,itfspy; fhzg;gLk; fhp - I`l;u[d; gpizg;G (Carbon Hydrogen Bonds) xU Ntjpay; rpwg;ghFk;. caphpdj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kw;nwhU Nrh;kk; mdq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fs; (Inorganic Compounds) vd;gitahFk;. ,itfspy; Kd;dh; $wpa gpizg;G fhzg;glhJ).

G+Nfhsj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa rKj;jpuq;fspy; mq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fs; cUthd epfo;r;rpNa caphpdj; Njhw;wj;ij Nehf;fp ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; ghpzhkk; vLj;J itj;j Kjy; fhyb vdr; $Wfpwhh; Xghpd;. Rh;f;fiu> nfhOg;G mkpyq;fs;> gpa+hpd;fs;> ighpkpild;fs;> mkpNdh mkpyq;fs; Nghd;w vspa mq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fNs Kjw;fl;lkhf cUthapd. mjd; gpwF Nkw;fz;l Nrh;kq;fspd; %yf;$Wfshy; epuk;gpa XusT fiuriyg; Nghd;w ntg;gkhd jputkhf mg;Nghija rKj;jpuk; mikag;ngw;wJ vd Xghpdpd; Mjuthsuhd Gfo; ngw;w kw;nwhU mwptpayhsh; `hy;Nld; (J.B.S. Haldane) vd;gth; $Wfpwhh;. vdNt mg;Nghija rKj;jpu ePiu ,th; 'ntg;g Cl;lf; fiury;" (Hot Dilute Soup) vdg; ngahpl;liof;fpwhh;. caphpdj; Njhw;wj;ij Nehf;fpa ,urhazg; nghUl;fspd; mLj;j fl;lk; ,e;j ntg;g Cl;lf; fiurypy; Muk;gkhfpwJ.

fiurypy; cUthf;fg;gl;l vspa mq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fs; mdq;ffr; Nrh;kq;fSld; ,ize;J NkYk; rpf;fyhd (Complex) nghpa mq;ff %yf; $Wfis cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j epfo;r;rpapy; Fwpgpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; mstpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,urhazg; ghpzhkk; mkpNdh mkpyj;jpd; njhFg;ghFk;. mkpNdh mkpyq;fspd; gw;gy tiffs; xd;Wld; xd;wpize;Nj GNuhl;Bd;fs; cUthfpd;wd. GNuhl;Bd;fs; ,y;yhky; caphpdk; ,y;iy vd Kd; fl;Liuapy; fz;Ls;Nshk;. ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; czh;e;j fhuzj;jhy;jhk; Xghpd; $wpa ,aw;ifr; #oy; Nrhjidf; $lj;jpy; cUthf;fp jd;Dila FLitapy; kpy;yh; (Slanley Miller) vDk; mwptpayhsh; mkpNdh mkpyj;ijg; ngw;w nra;jp 1953 y; tpQ;Qhd gj;jphpf;ifapy; (Science - NK - 1953) ntspte;j NghJ XghpDila Nfhl;ghl;il ep&gpf;Fk; rpwe;j rhjidahf mJ mwptpay; cyfpy; Ngrg;gl;lJ.

vspa mq;ffr; Nrh;kkhd mkpNdh mkpyk; cUthdJ caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd fl;lkhf ,Ug;gijg; Nghd;W rpf;fyhd nghpa mq;ff %yf; $Wfshk; GNuhl;Bd;> epA+f;spf; mkpyk; kw;Wk; epa+f;spNah GNuhl;Bd;fs; cUthd fl;lq;fSk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. Vnddpy; caph; tho;f;iff;F Mjhukhf ,Uf;Fk; Mw;wiy caphpdj;jpw;Fs; cUthf;ff;$ba tsh;rpij khw;wj;jpypUe;J (Metabolims) kugpay; (Genitics) tiuapyhd midj;J caphpay; tpe;ijfSf;Fk; ,itfNs fhuzkhFk;.

mkpNdh mkyq;fspd; 20 tiffis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L lgps;a+ /ghf;]; (Sydney W. Fox) vDk; mwptpayhsh; epfo;j;jpa Nrhjidapy; mit GNuhl;Bdpd; mikg;gpy; gpiztijf; fhl;bd.

nky;tpDila (Melvin) Ma;Tf;$l Nrhjidapy; i`l;u[d;> mNkhdpah> kPNjd;> kw;Wk; ePh; Mfpaitfspd; fiury;fspy; fhkhf;fjph; tPr;irr; (Gamma Radiation) nrYj;jtjhy; mkpNdh mkpyk; kl;Lkpd;wp caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpw;Nf ,d;wpaikahj rh;f;fiufs;> gpa+hpd;fs;> ighpkpild;fs; MfpaitAk; ngwg;gl;ld.

,d;Dk; ,it Nghd;w gw;gy Ma;Tfs; Mq;fhq;F gutyhf eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. mit ahTk; capuw;w nghUl;fspd; (,urhazg; nghUl;fspd;) ghpzhkj;jpypUe;Nj caphpdk; Njhd;wpd vdf; $Wk; XghpDila Nfhl;ghl;bw;F NkYk; tYT+l;Lk; Mjhuq;fshfNt mikfpd;wd.

caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpd; mLj;j fl;lk; kpfTk; jdpr; rpwg;GilajhFk;. ,f;fl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l epfo;r;rpfspd; rpuk rhj;jpaj;ij (RisK) fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tpQ;Qhdpfs; ,jid kpff; ftdkhf(?) (Highly Speculative(?) eilngw;w epfo;r;rpfs; vdf; $Wfpwhh;fs;. (caphpdk; cUthFk; nghUl;L mt;tsT mf;fiuahf ahh; ftdpj;J nray;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gjpy; rpyh; mf;fiw nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gJ ekf;F ngUk; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ).

XghpDila Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb ntg;g Cl;lf; fiurypy; cUthd gy nghpa mq;ff %yf; $Wfs; Nfhe;J Nghd;w girahf khw KaYk;. vdNt GNuhl;Bd;fs; girg; nghUshfTk; (Colloidal Particles) ePh; mjw;Fhpa guTk; ClfkhfTk; (Dispersion Medium) mikAk;. ,g;NghJ GNuhl;Bd;fs; kpd;rhuj;jpw;F tpidGhptijg; Nghd;W ,g;girg; nghUl;fSk; tpidGhpAkhdhy; ePhpd; %yf; $Wfs; girg; nghUspd; Nkw;gug;igr; #oe;J nfhs;Sk;. vjpnujph; kpd;Ndw;wKs;s (Opposite Electrical Charges) girj;Jspfs; xd;Wld; xd;W fye;JtpLkhdhy; mit xd;iwnahd;W rpf;fyhd (Complex) girj;Jspahfg; gbar; nra;Ak;.

ePh; gbe;j rpf;fyhd girj;Jspfs; mjd;gpwF ePhpd; %yf;$Wfshy; jq;fSf;F ntspciwia (Shell) mikj;Jf; nfhz;L guTk; Clfj;jpypUe;J (ePhpypUe;J) jdpikg;gl;L epw;Fk;. jdpikg;gl;L epw;Fk; ,e;j tpNehj epfo;r;rpia (Phenomenon) Nfh\h;Nt\d; (Coacervation) vdTk; jdpikg;gl;l girg;nghUis Nfhrh;Ntl; (Coacervate) vdTk; miof;fpwhh; Xghpd;.

caphpdq;fspd; nry;Yf;Fs; fhzg;gLk; GNuhl;Nlhgpshrk; (Protoplasm) vd;gJ mjd; caph;g;nghUshff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,g;NghJ ,q;F ehk; tpthpj;j Nfhrh;Ntl;Lfs; caph;g;nghUshfpa GNuhl;Nlh gpshrj;jpd; mikg;igNa (Structure) xj;jpUf;Fk; vdf;$Wfpwhh; Xghpd;. mjd;gpwF mit ePhpypUe;Nj jq;fSf;F xU nry; glyj;ij (Cell Membrane) cUthf;fp ePhpy; fye;Js;s GNuhl;Bd;fisNa czthf;fp tsh;r;rpAw;W gpwF jd; cliyNa ,uz;lhfg; gFj;J ,U caph;fshf khwp mjd; gpwF kPz;Lk; tsh;e;J> kPz;Lk; gFj;J ehd;fhf.. gpd;G vl;lhf vdg; ngUfp cyfpy; cahpdj; Njhw;wj;ijj; Jtf;fp itj;jJ. vdNt..

capuw;witfspypUe;Nj caphpdk; Njhd;wpd vdTk;> me;j epfo;r;rp eilngw;wJ ePhpy;jhk; vdTk; 1400 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng caphpdj; Njhw;wj;jpd; rhpahd mwptpaiy cyfpw;fspj;j jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; mwptpaiy Xghpdpd; Nfhl;ghL ,k;kpAk; gpwohky; ep&gpj;J tUfpd;wJ.

Gfoidj;Jk; mk;khkiw je;j ,iwtDf;Nf!

mLj;jgbahf cyfpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; caphpdk; vJ vDk; tpdhtpw;F tUNthk;. Xghpd; $wpathW Nfhrh;Ntl;Lfs; xt;nthd;Wk; jq;fSf;nfd xU nry;glyj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;L caphpay; ,af;fq;fis (cz;L> tsh;e;J> ,dg;ngUf;fkiljy;) Nkw;nfhz;ljhy; xU nry; caphpfNs (Unicellular Organism) cyfpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; caphpdk; vdj; njhpfpwJ.

xU nry; caphpfspy; mkPgh (Ameeba) ghf;Bhpah (Bacteria) itu]; (Virus) Nghd;wit gutyhf mwpag;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; itu];fisg; gw;wp mwpag;glhj fhyj;jpy; (,ij vnyf;l;uhd; Ez;Nzhf;fpahy; kl;LNk ghh;f;f ,aYk;. ,jd; ePsk; xU kpy;yp kPl;lhpd; ,yl;rj;jpy; xU gq;F Kjy; Kg;gJ gq;F tiuahFk;) Kjy; cahpdk; mkPgh vdf; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ itu];fNs Kjypy; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; caphpdk; vd;w $Wfpwhh;fs; tpQ;Qhdpfs;.

caphpdq;fspd; cyfpy; itu];fSf;F Xh; jdpr;rpwg;ghd ,lk; cz;L. Vnddpy; caphpdq;fspd; clYf;F kl;LNk mbg;gilahf mike;j nry; vdg;gLk; ,d;wpaikahg; nghUs;> itu];fsplk; KOik ngwtpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,itfis capuw;witfshf xJf;f ,ayhJ. Vnddpy; nry;ypy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpag; nghUshd b.vd;.V. kw;Wk; MH.vd;.V> Nghd;witfspy; VNjDk; xd;iw ,it nfhz;Ls;sd. ,ijg;Nghd;W ,itfspy; fhzg;gLk; kw;nwhU mjprak; vd;dntdpy; capuw;witfs; gbfkhf;fg;gLtijg; Nghd;W ,itfSk; gbfkhFk; jd;ikiag; (Crystallising) ngw;Ws;sd. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; mit kw;nwhU caphpdj;jpd; nry;fspy; EioAk;NghJ caphpdq;fisg; Nghd;W cz;L> tsh;e;J> ,dtpUj;jp nra;fpd;wd.

,t;thW itu];fs; xU gf;fk; capuw;w jd;ikfisAk; kWgf;fk; capUs;s jd;ikiaAk; fhl;b capuw;witf;Fk;> capUs;sitf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlh;ghd xU ghykhf mike;J capuw;witfspypUe;Nj caphpdk; Njhd;wpd vdf; $Wk; rj;jpaj; jpUkiwia ep&gpf;Fk; tYthd rhl;rpakhf> mw;Gjkhd mj;jhl;rpahf jq;fsJ tho;f;ifia mh;g;gzpj;J tUfpd;wd.

md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! itu];fisg; gw;wpa mwptpay; (Virology) $l vt;tsT mw;Gjkhf jpUkiw toq;fpa caphpay; Nfhl;ghl;il ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; ghh;j;jPh;fsh! ,k;khkiwia ,iwNtjk; vd Vw;gjpy; ,d;Dkh jaf;fk; nfhs;tPh;fs;?.

Xh; caph; Ntjpay; Ma;thsdpd; fz;fSf;F Ez;Nzhf;fpapd; $hpa ghh;itfs; itu];fis Xh; caph;thOk; ,urhazg; nghUshf (Living Chemical) fhl;Lk;NghJ mwptpay; Nehf;fpy; cz;ikiaj; NjLk; xU kiwapay; Ma;thsDf;F capuw;wjpypUe;Nj caphpdk; Njhd;wpd vdf; $Wk; jpUkiw trdj;jpd; ,urhaz nkhopngah;g;ghf itu];fspd; cly; fhl;rpaspf;fhjh?

mwptpay; ghh;itapd; Jiz nfhz;Nl jpUf;Fh;Mid kWg;gjhff; $Wk; mwptpay; mgpkhdpfNs! vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ePq;fs;?! ePq;fs; z;Lgpbj;j me;j mwptpay;jhk; vd;d? ve;j mwptpaiy ,e;j xg;gw;w khkiw kWg;gjhff; $WfpwPh;fs;? ehq;fs; mwpAk; nghUl;L ePq;fs; mij ,dk; fhl;l Ntz;lhkh?

Nguz;lj;jpypUe;J> g+Nfhsk; tiu - tpz;kPz;fspypUe;J - Jfs;fs; tiu ahTk; xU jpl;lkpl;L nray;gl;ljd; tpsithfj; Njhd;wpitfNs vd;gJ cq;fs; mwptpay; fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gltpy;iyah?.

rw;W vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;! Fiwe;j gl;rk; caphpdj; Njhw;wpj;jpw;F nghpa mq;ff %yf;$Wfs; cUthdjw;Fg; gpd; caphpdk; Njhd;Wk; tiu eilngw;w caphpay; ghpzhkk; (Biological Elevation) mjw;Fg; gpd;dhy; caphpdq;fs; cUthf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vDk; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; rpe;jpj;J jpl;lkpl;L jpwk;gl nray;gl;l NguwpTk;> Nguhw;wYk; nfhz;l ahNuh xUtd; ,Ue;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd mwptpaiy xg;Gf; nfhs;tjhff; $Wk; cq;fs; mwpTf;Fg; Gyg;gltpy;iyah?

my;yJ Gyg;gl;l gpwFk; ,ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; cyfk; vd;d nrhy;YNkh vd mr;rg;gLfpwPh;fsh? mQ;rhjPh;fs;! ePq;fs; cz;ikapd; gf;fk; ,Ue;jhy; ,Wjp ntw;wp cq;fSf;Nf chpajhFk;. cz;ikiaf; $Wtjw;F Nfhgh; epf;f]_k;> nfg;sUk;> fypypNahTk; ,d;Dk; gpw mwptpayhsh;fSk; cyfpw;F mQ;rtpy;iy. ,Wjp KbT vd;dthapw;W?. md;iwa ehl;fspy; ahh;; mth;fisg; gopj;jhh;fNsh mth;fs;jhk; ,d;iwa cyfhy; gopf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;! MfNt mhj;jkw;w jaf;fq;fis tpl;nlhopj;J> mwptpaNy topfhl;b mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; mUs;kiwahk; jpUf;Fh;Mid Vw;W mh;j;jKs;s tho;f;if;Fj; jahuhFq;fs;.

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