| tpQ;Qhd xspapy; ,];yhk; - mwptpay;. V.Nf.mg;Ju;u`;khd; |
tpz;zLf;Ffs;
NguUsha;
Vf ,iwtdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l khkdpjh; K`k;kJ (]y;) (571 - 634) mwptpf;Fk; J}Jr;
nra;jp mtUf;F Kd;dhy; epiy ehl;lg;gl;l ,g;Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il ,Njh kpf
td;ikahf kWj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
',d;Dk; mtNd ,uitAk;> gfiyAk;> #hpaidAk;> re;jpuidAk; gilj;jhd;. (mit) ahTk; (mitfSf;Fhpa)
kz;lyj;jpy; nry;fpd;wd."(my; - Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 21 ]{uj;Jy; md;gpah - 33tJ trdk;).
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf #hpad;> re;jpud; kl;Lky;y. ahTNk mitfSf;Nf chpa
kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpd;wd vdf; $wp> g+kp efuhky; xNu ,lj;jpy; epiy ngw;Ws;sJ vdf;
$Wk; Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il ,t;trdk; kWf;fpwJ.
g+kp efuhky; xNu ,lj;jpy; epw;fpwJ. ,e;jg+kpiar;
Rw;wpj;jhd; Vida ahTk; efh;fpd;wd vd;gNj Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fUg;nghUs;. Mdhy;
G+kpAk; efh;fpwJ vd;W $Wtjhy; Gtpikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il ngha; vdf; $wptpl;lJ ghpRj;j
Fh;Md;.
,e;j ,lj;jpy; efUk; nghUl;fspd;
ngah;g; gl;bay; #hpaidAk;> re;jpuidAk;jhNd Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. g+kpapd; ngaiuf;
Fwpg;gpltpy;iyNa vd ahUf;NfDk; Iak; vof; $Lk;. g+kpapd; ngah; ,q;F Neubahff;
Fwpg;gplhky; ,Ue;jNj rhyr; rpwe;j fhhpak; vd;gij ehk; NtW jiyg;gpy; fhz;Nghk;
,d;\h my;yh`;. Mdhy; ahTk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fs; g+kpAk; mlq;FfpwJ vd;gjpy;
epiwtilahj cs;sq;fs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy;> mitfSk; epiwtilAk; nghUl;L> ,g;ghpRj;j
trdj;jplk; NkYk; rw;W neUq;FNthk;.
efuf; $baitfspd; ngah;g; gl;baypy;
Kjyhtjhf ghpRj;j Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLtNj ek;ik tpag;gpy;
Mo;j;JfpwJ. mjhtJ jkf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; efuf; $baitfspy; ,uTk; cz;lhk;: gfYk;
cz;lhk;. ,uTk;> gfYk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; efh;fpwJ vd;why; vd;d nghUs;?. ,uT
vd;why; vd;d?. ,uT vd;gJ xspahdJ %b kiwf;fg;gLk; gFjp vdf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. gfy;
vd;why; vd;d?. xspiag; gpujp gypf;Fk; gFjp vdf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. (,e;j tpsf;fNk
rhpahd tpsf;fk; vd;gjpy; cs;s mwptpaiy NtW jiyg;gpy; fhz;Nghk; ,d;\h my;yh`;) ,g;NghJ
,uTk;> gfYk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpwJ vd;why; mjd; nghUs; vd;d?.
xspia %b kiwf;Fk; gFjpAk;> xspia gpujpgypf;Fk; gFjpAk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy;
nry;fpd;wd vd;gJ mjd; nghUs;. xspiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; gFjp> xspia %b kiwf;Fk; gFjp
vd;gjpy; g+kp mlq;fp tpLfpwjh ,y;iyah?. g+kpapd; ve;j xU gFjpAk; xd;W ,uthf
my;yJ gfyfhj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ePq;fs; kWf;f khl;Bh;fs;. MfNt ,uTk;>
gfYk; mitfSila kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpd;wd vd;fpw Fh;Mdila $w;W> rh;t epr;rakhfg;
g+kp> vq;Fk; Xa;jpUf;ftpy;iy: mJ efh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vdf; $wpg; Gtp ikaf;
Nfhl;ghl;ilj; jfh;j;J epw;fpwJ.
,t;thW Mwhk; E}w;whz;by; gpwe;j
khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs;
mwptpj;j ,iwtDila J}Jr; nra;jpapy; g+kpAk; efh;fpwJ vDk; mwptpay; NgUz;ikiag;
gw;wpr; rpwpJk; nghUl;gLj;jhky;> mwpe;Njh> mwpahkNyh mwptpay; cyfk; Gtpikaf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; khatiyf;Fs; rpf;fp> mjw;Nfw;g thdpaiyg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jJ. ,jd;
fhuzkhf 16Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhyk; tiu ,j;Jiwapy; ve;j Kd;Ndw;wKk; fhzhky; ,Ul;Lf;Fs;
cod;wdh;.
,e;j tuyhw;Wg; gpd;ddpapy; 16 - Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa
mwptpay; khNkijfs; $gh; epf;f]; (Coper Nicus 1473 - 1543) kw;Wk; nfg;sh; (Kepler
- 1571 - 1630) MfpNahh; mwptpay; thapyhf GGtpikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il kWj;J> ghpRj;j
Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wf;fpira> g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;w fUj;ij typAWj;jpdh;. te;jJ tpid!. md;W
tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j kjFUkhh;fs;> g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;w fUj;J> jq;fs; Ntj E}Yf;F
Kuzhz fUj;J vdf; $wp me;j mwptpayhsh;fis rh;r; tpyf;F> Ch; tpyf;F> kj tpyf;F vd
gbg;gbahd njhy;iyfisj; je;J mth;fspd; Fuiy mlf;fp tpl;ldh;.
Mdhy; mwpahikf; fhhpUspy; jq;fs;
mwpitj; njhiyj;Jtpl;l kjFUf;fshy; me;j mwptpayhsh;fspd; Fuiyj;jhd; xLf;f
Kbe;jNjad;wp mth;fs; $wpa g+Nfhs
efh;itj; jLf;f Kbatpy;iy. Vnddpy; mth;fspd; me;jf; $w;W ,e;jg; g+kpiag; gilj;J ,jid
efh;j;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gtd; ahNuh> mtDila thh;j;ijfshfpa ghpRj;j Fh;Mdhy; ew;rhd;W
ngw;wpUe;jJ. MfNt g+Nfhsk; epd;W tpltpy;iy. mJ njhlh;e;J efh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ
NkYk; gyKiw #hpaidr; Rw;wp te;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJ jpBnud xypj;jJ kw;nwhU Fuy;.
Rw;wtpy;iy $hpad; g+kpia! Rw;WfpwJ g+kp #hpaid vd;wJ mf;Fuy;. njhiyNehf;fpiar;
rPuikj;J gy mhpa fz;L gpbg;Gfis toq;fpa mwptpay; khNkij fypypNah (Galileo 1564 -
1642) tpd; Fuy;jhd; mJ. ,e;j Kiw kf;fs; nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpf;fj; Jtq;fpa fhuzj;jhy;>
me;j kjFUkhh;fshy; ,tuJ Fuiy xLf;fp tpl ,aytpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,tUila '#hpa
FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wpa (Solar System) fz;L gpbg;Gfs; jq;fsJ Ntj E}Yf;F tpNuhjkhdJ
vd;W $wpf; fpwp];Jt FUkh;fs; ,tiu Nuhk; efuj;jpd; tprhuizf; $lj;Jf;F mioj;jdh;.
mg;NghJ 69 taij epuk;gptpl;l (1633 y;) ,k;Kjpath; gythW kpul;lg;gl;L> ,Wjpahf
kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,tUf;F ,Ue;j ngUk; nry;thf;ifg; Gwf;fzpf;f Kbahj epiyapy; me;j
tprhuiz kd;wk; ,th; nra;j ghgj;jpw;F(?) xU jz;lidia mwptpj;jJ.
iggpspd; rq;fPj E}ypypUe;J Fwpg;gpl;l rpy ghly;fis (Penitential Psalm)
thuj;jpw;F VOKiw tPjk; %d;W tUlj;jpw;F vOj Ntz;Lk; vd cj;jutpl;lJ.
Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwNjh> mijNa ,e;j
mwptpay; Nkij> jd;Dila mwptpay; Ma;tpy; fz;Ltpl;lhh; vd;w Fw;wj;ijj;(?) jtpu>
md;W me;j GNuhfpjf; $l;lk; ,th; kPJ
ve;jj; jtiwAk; fhztpy;iy.
,Wjpahf ,e;j mwptpay; Nkijapd; fz;L gpbg;GfSf;Fg; gpwF> g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;W $Wk;
ghpRj;j Fh;Mdpd; $w;iwr; rpWfr;> rpWf cyfk; xg;Gf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ.
,e;j Ntjj;jpd; Mrphpad; kpfj; J}atd;. mtd; jd;Dila $w;iw epuhfhpg;Nghh; kWj;j
NghjpYk;> ep&gpj;Nj jPUfpwhd;.
khwp khwp tUk; ,uTf;Fk; gfYf;Fk; vd;d fhuzk; vdgjw;Fhpa mwptpay; tpsf;fj;ij ehk;
ngw;W tpl;Nlhk;. ,uitAk;> gfiyAk; Njhw;Wtpg;gjpy; g+kpapd; tbtKk;> mjd; Ra
Row;rpANk fhuzk; vd;gij cyfk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j ,U tp\aq;fisg; gw;wpg;
ghpRj;j Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwJ vdj; Njbdhy;> nka;ahfNt ,e;j mw;Gj Ntjk; ek;ikg;
gpukpf;f itf;fpwJ.
Kjyhtjhf g+kpad; tbtk; vd;d? vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fhpa gjpiyg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
G+kppd; tbtk; cUz;ilahdNj vd;W
Fh;MDf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpNyNa
(fp.K.450-y;) fpNuf;fh;fs; fUj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. mf;fUj;J Kw;fhy mwptpaypd;
Kb#lh kd;dd; mhp];lhl;bypdhYk; mwptpay; hPjpahf mq;fPfhpf;fg; gl;lJ. g+kpapd;
tbtk; cUz;ilahdNj vd;gijf; fhl;l flypy; nry;Yk; fg;giy Ma;T nra;J rhd;W
ngw;whh;fs;.
fg;gy; xd;W flypy; nry;Yk; NghJ Kjyhtjhf mjd; mbj;jsk; kiwAk;. GpwF gbg;gbahf
cly; kiwe;J filrpahf gha;kuk; kiwAk;. ,ijf; $h;e;J ftdpj;jhy; flypy; nrd;W
nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gy; mJ nry;yr; nry;yr; g+kpapd; kPJ fPo; Nehf;fpa xU tisTf;Fs; ,wq;FtJ
Nghd;W Njhd;Wk;. mijg;Nghy ek;ik Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gypd; gha; kuj;jpd;
Edp Kjyhtjhff; flw;gug;gpd; J}uj;jpy; vl;bg; ghh;f;Fk;. gpwF gbg;gbahfg; gha;
kuk; KOikahfj; njhpe;J mjd; gpd; mbj;jsk; njhpatUk;. ,J vijf; fhl;LfpwJ vdpy;>
te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gy; g+kpapd; kPJs;s fPo; Nehf;fpa tisT xd;wpypUe;J Vwp
tUtijg;Nghy; Njhw;wkdpj;Jg; g+kpapd; vj;jpirapy; jpUk;gpdhYk; g+kpahdJ fPo;
Nehf;fp tise;jpUf;fpwJ vdf; fhl;LfpwJ.
vj;jpirapy; jpUk;gpdhYk; fPo; Nehf;fp
tise;jpUf;Fk; xU nghUspd; tbtk; cUz;ilahfNt ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ njspT.
MfNt G+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lJ vd;w mwptpaiy mhp];lhl;by; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
g+kpapd; tbtk; cUz;il vdpDk;> g+kp mirahJ xNu ,lj;jpy; epi ngw;wpUf;f> $hpad;
mjid Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gNj mhp];lhl;by; cl;gl midj;J mwptpayhsh;fspd; fUj;jhfg;
gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L tiu epiy ngw;W te;jJ. ,f;fUj;ij Vohk; E}w;whz;by;
EiothapypNyNa kWj;Jiuj;j ghpRj;j Fh;Md;> g+kpad; tbtk; gw;wpa ,th;fspd; Ma;it
Vw;fpwjh my;yJ kWf;fpwjh vdg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
Fh;Md; $WfpwJ:
'thdq;fs;> g+kp Mfpatw;wpd;
xOq;fikg;gpYk; ,uTk;> gfYk; xd;wd; gpd;
xd;whf khwp tUtjpYk;> kf;fSf;F gad; jUtijf; nfhz;L flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gypYk; -
rpe;jpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F Vuhskhd rhd;Wfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd." (my;-Fh;Md; ,uz;lthtJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 164 tJ trdk;.)
,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J tpsq;fg;gLk; gw;gy
mwptpay;fspy; xd;W ekJ tpdhtpw;Fk;
gjpyspf;fpwJ. ,uTk;> gfYk; khwp> khwp tUtj;wF Vw;w tifapy; MfhaKk;> g+kpAk;
xOq;Fw mikf;fg; gl;bUg;gNjhL> flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpj;jhy;
mitfSf;Fhpa rhd;Wfs; fpilf;Fk; vdf; $WfpwJ ,t;trdk;. MfNt flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gyhy;
Kd; itf;fg;gLk; rhd;w vij tpsf;FfpwNjh mij ehk; Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ ghpRj;j
Fh;Md;.
Fh;MDf;F epfh; Fh;MNdad;wp NtW VJ?. mw;Gjk;jhd; epfo;j;JfpwJ ,e;j xg;gw;w jpUkiw!
G+kp efutpy;iy vdf; $wpa mhp];lhl;bypd; $w;iw Vw;gjh kWg;gjh vdf; Nfl;lNghJ
mtUila $w;W jtwhf ,Ug;gjhy; mij td;ikahf kWj;J> g+kp efh;fpwJ vdf; $wpw;W. mNj
rkak; g+kpapd; tbtk; cUz;ilNa vd;w cz;ikia tpsf;Fk; mth;fsJ Ma;it Vw;Wf;
nfhs;syhkh vd;W Nfl;lhy; "rpe;jpf;Fk; kdpjh;fNs! cq;fSf;F mitfspy; rhd;Wfs; cz;L"
vd mij Vw;fr; nrhy;fpwJ!.
,g;gbg;gl;l mw;Gjq;fs; vy;yhk; ,d;W cyfpy; Ntjq;fs; vd;w ngahpy; mwpag;gLk; NtW
ve;j E}ypy; fhz ,aYk;?.
vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ez;gh;fNs! ,e;j ghpRj;j Fh;Midj; jtpu> Ntjq;fs; vd;W cq;fs; Kd;
Xjg;gLk; ve;j E}y;fshtJ mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;gfSf;Nf topfhl;bahfj; jpfo;tijg;
ghh;j;jpUf;fpwPh;fsh?.
topfhl;LtJ xU gf;fk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;!. Fiwe;j gl;rk; mwptpaNyhL NkhjkyhtJ ,Uf;f
Ntz;lhkh vd;w tpdhjhd; cq;fis ,iw kWg;gpy; ,Wfr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;s KbfpwJ. MfNt mwptpaiy jdf;Fr; rhl;rpahf epWj;jpapUg;gNjhL> mjpy; Vw;gLk;
nka;Ak;> ngha;Ak; gphpj;jwptpf;Fk; mjDila topfhfl;bahfNtj; jpfOk; ghpRj;j Fh;Mid
Ma;T nra;Aq;fs;. ePq;fs; cz;ikiaNa fz;lwptPh;fs;.
md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! ,g;NghJ cq;fsplj;jpy; xU tpdh vof;$Lk;. ghpRj;j Fh;Md; $wpathW
xUth; flypy; nry;Yk; fg;giy Ma;T nra;jhy; g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfz;lNj vd;w mwptpay;
rhd;iw mth; fz;lwpthh; vd;gJ cz;ikNa. Mdhy; flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpa Ma;T
Kiw Fh;Md; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dhy;> fpNuf;fh;fsplk; mwpag;gl;l Ma;T KiwjhNd?
Fh;Mid Ma;Tf; fz;NzhL ghh;itapLk; xUth; ,e;j trdj;ijg; ghh;j;jTld; g+kpad; tbtk;
gw;wp fpNuf;fj; jj;jtj;ij Vw;fyhk; vd;W $WtjhfNt tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mg;gbg;
ghh;j;jhy; fpNuf;fh;fs; me;jj; jj;jtj;ijg; gw;wp vJTk; $whky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;>
mijg;gw;wp $Wfpd;w mtrpak; Fh;MDf;Fk; Vw;gl;bUf;fhJ. MfNt me;j epiyapy; g+kp
cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpaiyf; Fh;MdpypUe;J tpsq;f
tha;g;gpUe;jpf;fhjy;yth vd;w tpdhNt me;j tpdhthf ,Uf;Fk;.
fpNuf;fh;fs; Ma;T vd;gJ ntWk; xU 2500
tUlj;jpw;Fl;gl;l tp\ak;. Mdhy; ,e;j ghpRj;j Fh;Md; ,g;Nguz;lj;ij gilg;gjw;F
Kd;$l;bNa ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy;
gjpag;gl;bUe;jJ vd;gNj cz;ik. Mdhy; me;j tp\aj;jpw;Fs; jw;NghJ Eioahky;
thjj;jpw;fhf cq;fs; Iaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tpdhit Vw;W mjw;Fhpa tpdhit fhz;Nghk;.
ez;gh;fNs! flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpa vLj;Jf;fhl;L g+kpapd; tbtk; vd;d vd;gijf;
fz;lwptjw;Fhpa Ma;T Kiwiaf; $Wk; fUtpNa!. Mdhy; Ma;Tf; fz;fshy; ,e;j mw;Gj
Ntjj;ijg; ghh;j;jPh;fshdhy; ,e;j g+kp Nfhs tbtj;ijf; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpay;
jPh;g;igNa jUk; mw;Gjkhd trdq;fisf; fz;L kiyj;Jg; NghtPh;fs;. MfNt cq;fs;
tpdhtpw;Nfw;g fpNuf;fj; jj;Jtk; vOe;jpuhtpbDk; g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd
mwptpf;Fk; NtW trdq;fis Fh;Md; tphpj;NjhJfpwJ.
mhp];lhl;bYf;Fk; (fp.K. 370-286)
gw;gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Ke;jpa fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,iwtDila ey;ybahh;fspy; rpwg;ghd
kdpjh; xUth; ,Ue;jhh;. cyfpd;; kPJ Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; NguuruhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;.
'Jy;-fh;idd;" vd;w ngaUila ,tiug; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg; gl;bUe;j gz;ilfhfy muG tho;
kf;fs; ,iwj;J}juhk; khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fsplk; Jy;fh;idd; mth;fisg; gw;wp
tpguk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. jd;Dila J}jhplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l ,t;tpdhtpw;F ,iwtd;
gjpyspf;fpwhd;:
' NkYk; (egpNa!) ,th;fs; ck;kplk; Jy;fh;idd; gw;wpf; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. ePh;
mth;fsplk; $Wk; ehd; mtiug; gw;wpr; rpy tpguq;fis cq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpNwd;.
jpz;zkhf ehk; mtUf;F g+kpapy; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ij mspj;jpUe;Njhk;. NkYk; mtUf;F
vy;yhtpjkhd rhjdq;fisAk; tha;g;GfisAk; toq;fpapUe;Njhk;. mth;(jhk;) Mw;w Ntz;ba
rpy fhhpaq;fSf;fhf xU gazk;) Gwg;gl;lhh;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
f`;/Gtpd; 83> 84> 85 Mk; trdq;fs;.)
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf> Jy;fh;idd; vDk; jd;Dila ey;ybahUf;F ,iwtd; murhl;rpia
cyfpy; toq;fp> cyfpy; mth; Mw;w Ntz;ba rpy Kf;fpakhd gzpfisAk; mtUf;Ff;
fl;lisapl;L mth; xU neba gazj;ijj; Jtf;Fk;gb nra;jpUf;fpwhd; vdj; njhpa tUfpwJ.
,g;gazj;jpd; eLNt mth; nrd;wilAk; ,lj;ijg; gw;wp njhlh;e;J $WfpwJ Fh;Md;:
"#hpad; m];jkpf;Fk; vy;iyia mth; mile;j NghJ> mJ fUg;G ePhpy; m];jkpg;gij (mth;)
fz;lhh;."
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf> Jy;fh;idd; mth;fSila gazj;ijg; gw;wpr; rpy Kf;fpakhd
jftiyj; jUfpwJ Fh;Md;.
Kjyhtjhf mth; jk;Kila gazj;jpd; eLNt xU fl;lj;jpy; vy;iyf; Nfhl;il mile;J
tpl;lhh; vdj; njhptpf;fpwJ.
mLj;jgbahf me;j vy;yif;NfhL xU ePh;epiyahf ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; mjpYk; #hpad; ePh;
epiyf;Fs; m];jkpg;gijg; Nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; me;j ePh;epiy
fz;Zf;nfl;ba J}uk; tiu tpahgpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; njhpfpwJ. vdNt ,e;j ePh;epiy
xU flyhf ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk; ,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J njhpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
mLj;jgbahf ePh;epiy vy;iyahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;F Kd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l gazk;
tiu jiug; gazkhfNt ,Uf;f KbAk; vdj; njhpfpwJ. Vnddpy; ePh;topg; gazj;jpw;F ePh;
epiyNa vy;iyahf KbahJ. NkYk; Mfha khh;f;fkhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mjw;F jpirfs;
vy;iyahf ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,tUila gazj;jpd; vy;iyahff; Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLtJ '#hpad;
m];jkpf;Fk; vy;iy" vd;gNj. mjhtJ ,tUila gazj;jpw;F Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; mike;j vy;iy
vd;W. MfNt ,th; Nkw;Fj; jpirapYs;s flw;fiuia (mJ vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; ePh; fWg;G
ePuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ekJ jiyg;NghL rk;ge;jg; gltpy;iy) neUq;Fk; tiu> jiu
topg;gazNk Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhh; vd;gJ njspT.
NkYk; ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd tp\aj;ijAk; ,e;j trdk; njhptpf;fpwJ.
mjhtJ ,th; jk;Kila neba gazj;ij Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhh; vd;gJ.
Nkw;F Nehf;fpa ,tUila gazj;jpy; ePh;
epiy vy;iyahf mika> mjw;F NkYk; ,th; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; xd;W ,th;
ePh; khh;f;fkhfNth my;yJ Mfha khh;f;fkhfNthjhd gazk; nra;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fhpa
rhjdq;fSk; tha;g;GfSk; me;j njhd;ikahd
fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jdth? vd;W Nfl;lhy; mjw;Fhpa gjpiyAk; Fh;Md; me;j trdq;fspNyNa $WfpwJ.
mjhtJ:
'NkYk; mtUf;F vy;yhtpjkhd rhjdq;fisAk;> tha;gGfisAk; toq;fpapUe;Njhk;" vd;W.
vdNt ,iwtd; ehbagb gazj;jpw;Fhpa rhjdq;fSk;> tha;g;GfSk; ,th; ngw;wpUe;jhh;
vd;gij ,t;trdk; tpsf;FfpwJ.
Jy;fh;idd; mth;fs; nrd;wile;j me;j ,lj;jpy; ,iwtdpd; cj;juTg;gb nrayhw;w Ntz;ba
fhhpaq;fisr; nra;j gpwF> mth; jk;Kilia gazj;ij kPz;Lk; njhlh;fpwhh;. mijg;
gw;wpj; njhlh;e;J $Wk; Fh;Md; trdq;fisf; ftdpAq;fs;:
'kPz;Lk; mth; Gwg;gl;lhh;. #hpad; cjakhFk; vy;iyia mth; mile;J tpl;lhh;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd;
18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f`;/Gtpd; 89> 90Mk; trdq;fs;.)
vd;d tpe;ij! ,e;jg; gazj;jpy; mtUila vy;iyahf mike;jJ vJNth mJ #hpad; cjakhFk;
vy;iyah?. vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ez;gh;fNs! ,q;F Xjg;gl;l ghpRj;j Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpd;
ghy; nrtp ePl;bf; Nfl;Bh;fsh ,y;iyah?.
#hpad; kiwAk; vy;iyapypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fp ,e;jg; g+kpapd; kPJ neba gazk; nra;J
te;j xUth; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; vy;iyia miltjh?.
mjhtJ Nkw;F Nehf;fp> Nkw;nfy;iyapy; ,Ue;J jiu topahfTk;> ePh; topahfTk; (Jy;fh;idd;
mth;fSila ,uz;lhtJ gazKk; vy;iyf;F cl;gl;lJ vdf; Fh;Md; $Wtjhy; ,g;gazk; ePh;
topg; gazNk vd;gJ njspT) xUth; gazk; nra;J te;jhy; mth; fpof;Fj; jpiria mila
KbAkh?.
KbAkh vd;w Nfs;tpf;Nf ,lkpy;iy!. xUth;
mt;thW Nkw;fpypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; gazk;
nra;J fpof;if mile;Nj tpl;lhh; vdf; Fh;Md; giw rhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Fh;Md; $Wtijg;Nghy;
Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; gazk; nra;j xUth; fpof;if mila Ntz;Lkhapd; ,e;jg; g+kpapd; tbtk;
jl;ilahf> Nkil Nghd;wpUf;Fkh?. my;yJ cUz;ilahf Nfhs tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh?.
gjpy; nrhy;Yq;fs; ez;gh;fNs!
MfNt ,q;F ehk; Ma;Tf;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l
trdq;fs; thapyhfg; g+kp cUz;ilahd Nfhs tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;W ghpRj;j Fh;Md; njs;sj;
njspthf tpsf;fp tpl;lJ.
gz;ilf; fhy fpNuf;fh;fs; g+kp cUz;il
tbtk; nfhz;lNjnad;w mwptpaiyf $whjpUg;gpDk;>
g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;;lNjnad;w mwtpaiyg; ghpRj;j Fh;Md; $wj;jhd; nra;jpUf;Fk;
vd;gjpy; ,jw;F NkYk; cq;fspy; ahUf;Fk; Iak; Vw;gl; tha;g;gpy;iyay;yth?.
g+kp cUz;ilahd Nfhs tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpaiyf; Fh;MdpypUe;J njs;sj; njspthf
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l gbahy;> g+kpapd; Ra Row;rp (jd;idj; jhNd Rw;Wjy;) gw;wpg;
ghpRj;j Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwJ vd;gij mLj;j njhlhpy; fhz;Nghk; ,d;\h my;yh`;..!
cUz;l g+kp..!
%ba ,Ul;Lf;Fs; mah;e;Jw;Fk; g+kpapd; kPJ jd; nrq;fjph;fis thhpapiwj;J fpof;fpy;
Njhd;Wfpwhd; Mjtd;. gpwF nky;y Ch;e;J te;J cr;rpapy; fha;e;J me;jpg; nghOjpy;
Nkw;fpy; kiwfpwhd;. mjd; gpwFk; epw;gjpy;iy ,e;j tpz;Zyh. mLj;j tpbaiyj;
Njhw;Wtpf;f fpof;fpy; Kisf;fpwhd;.
vd;d tpe;ij! Kz;zf khe;jnuy;yhk;
tpz;fz;l ehs; Kjyha; ,d;wsTk; Xatpy;iy ,e;j epfo;r;rpg; Nghf;F. mw;Gjk;jhNd!
ehSk; Xa;tpd;wp ve;ehSk; ,g;g+kpapy; ,uTk;> gfYk; khwp tUtjd; kh;knkd;d?
rpe;jidj; jpwd; nfhz;Nlhhpd; cs;sq;fs; vy;yhk; tpae;J nfhz;bUe;j ,e;j tpdhTf;F
tpil fhzg; GFe;jdh; mwptpayhsh;fs;.
gue;J tphpe;j ,g;Nguz;lj;jpd; el;l eLtpy; el;L itj;jhw;Nghy; g+kp Mlhky;>
mirahky; ,e;j g+kp epiy ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j g+kpiar; #hpad;> re;jpud; kw;Wk;
Vida Nfhs;fs; ahTk; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd. MfNt #hpa FLk;gj;jpd; mr;rhf (AXIS)
mitfspd; ikaj;jpy; g+kp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ vdf; $wpdhh;fs; Muk;gfhy mwptpayhsh;fs;. ,th;fspd;
,e;jf; Nfhl;ghL 'Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghL" (Earth
Centre Theory)
vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
vt;tsT ghJfhg;ghd Nfhl;ghL
ghh;j;jPh;fsh? fhyq;fhykhfr; #hpad; fpof;fpy; Njhd;wp Nkw;fpy; kiwtijf; fz;L
te;j kf;fs; nka;ahfNt #hpad; g+kpiar;
Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;w vz;zj;jpy;
,U;jikahy; ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il vt;tpj tpkh;rdj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; jwhky; mg;gbNa Vw;wdh;.
mwptpaypd; midj;Jj; JiwfisAk; njhl;Lg; ghh;j;jtUk;> Kw;fhy mwptpay; cyfpy; Kb#lh
kd;ddhf Nghw;wg;gl;ltUkhd jpUthsh; mhp];lhl;by; (Aristotle)
jhd; ,e;j Gtpapay; Nfhl;ghl;il mwptpayhf Vw;fr; nra;jth;. MtUila fhyj;jpypUe;J
etPd mwptpaypd; Eiothapyhfpa 16 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu mwptpay; cyfpy; mhp];lhl;bypd;
$w;W vJNth> mJNt Ntj thf;fhf Vw;fg;gl;L te;jJ. Mdhy;..! ,g;Nguz;lj;jpw;Nfhh;
NguUsha; Vf ,iwtdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l khkdpjh; K`k;kJ (]y;) (571 - 634)
mwptpf;Fk; J}Jr; nra;jp mtUf;F Kd;dhy; epiy ehl;lg;gl;l ,g;Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il
,Njh kpf td;ikahf kWj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
',d;Dk; mtNd ,uitAk;> gfiyAk;> #hpaidAk;> re;jpuidAk; gilj;jhd;. (mit) ahTk; (mitfSf;Fhpa)
kz;lyj;jpy; nry;fpd;wd."(my; - Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 21 ]{uj;Jy; md;gpah - 33tJ trdk;).
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf #hpad;> re;jpud; kl;Lky;y. ahTNk mitfSf;Nf chpa
kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpd;wd vdf; $wp> g+kp efuhky; xNu ,lj;jpy; epiy ngw;Ws;sJ vdf;
$Wk; Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il ,t;trdk; kWf;fpwJ.
g+kp efuhky; xNu ,lj;jpy; epw;fpwJ. ,e;jg+kpiar;
Rw;wpj;jhd; Vida ahTk; efh;fpd;wd vd;gNj Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fUg;nghUs;. Mdhy;
G+kpAk; efh;fpwJ vd;W $Wtjhy; Gtpikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il ngha; vdf; $wptpl;lJ ghpRj;j
Fh;Md;.
,e;j ,lj;jpy;
efUk; nghUl;fspd; ngah;g; gl;bay; #hpaidAk;> re;jpuidAk;jhNd Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
g+kpapd; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iyNa vd ahUf;NfDk; Iak; vof; $Lk;. g+kpapd; ngah; ,q;F
Neubahff; Fwpg;gplhky; ,Ue;jNj rhyr; rpwe;j fhhpak; vd;gij ehk; NtW jiyg;gpy;
fhz;Nghk; ,d;\h my;yh`;. Mdhy; ahTk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fs; g+kpAk; mlq;FfpwJ vd;gjpy;
epiwtilahj cs;sq;fs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy;> mitfSk; epiwtilAk; nghUl;L> ,g;ghpRj;j
trdj;jplk; NkYk; rw;W neUq;FNthk;.
efuf; $baitfspd; ngah;g; gl;baypy;
Kjyhtjhf ghpRj;j Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLtNj
ek;ik tpag;gpy; Mo;j;JfpwJ. mjhtJ jkf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; efuf; $baitfspy; ,uTk;
cz;lhk;: gfYk; cz;lhk;. ,uTk;> gfYk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; efh;fpwJ vd;why;
vd;d nghUs;?. ,uT vd;why; vd;d?. ,uT vd;gJ xspahdJ %b kiwf;fg;gLk; gFjp vdf;
nfhs;fpNwhk;. gfy; vd;why; vd;d?. xspiag; gpujp gypf;Fk; gFjp vdf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
(,e;j tpsf;fNk rhpahd tpsf;fk; vd;gjpy; cs;s mwptpaiy NtW jiyg;gpy; fhz;Nghk;
,d;\h my;yh`;) ,g;NghJ ,uTk;> gfYk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpwJ vd;why;
mjd; nghUs; vd;d?.
xspia %b kiwf;Fk; gFjpAk;> xspia gpujpgypf;Fk; gFjpAk; mitfSf;Fhpa kz;lyq;fspy;
nry;fpd;wd vd;gJ mjd; nghUs;. xspiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; gFjp> xspia %b kiwf;Fk; gFjp
vd;gjpy; g+kp mlq;fp tpLfpwjh ,y;iyah?. g+kpapd; ve;j xU gFjpAk; xd;W ,uthf
my;yJ gfyfhj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ePq;fs; kWf;f khl;Bh;fs;. MfNt ,uTk;>
gfYk; mitfSila kz;lyq;fspy; nry;fpd;wd vd;fpw Fh;Mdila $w;W> rh;t epr;rakhfg;
g+kp> vq;Fk; Xa;jpUf;ftpy;iy: mJ efh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vdf; $wpg; Gtp ikaf;
Nfhl;ghl;ilj; jfh;j;J epw;fpwJ.
,t;thW Mwhk; E}w;whz;by; gpwe;j
khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j ,iwtDila J}Jr; nra;jpapy; g+kpAk;
efh;fpwJ vDk; mwptpay; NgUz;ikiag; gw;wpr; rpwpJk; nghUl;gLj;jhky;> mwpe;Njh>
mwpahkNyh mwptpay; cyfk; Gtpikaf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; khatiyf;Fs; rpf;fp> mjw;Nfw;g
thdpaiyg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf 16Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhyk;
tiu ,j;Jiwapy; ve;j Kd;Ndw;wKk; fhzhky; ,Ul;Lf;Fs; cod;wdh;.
,e;j tuyhw;Wg; gpd;ddpapy; 16 - Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa
mwptpay; khNkijfs; $gh; epf;f]; (Coper
Nicus 1473 - 1543)
kw;Wk; nfg;sh; (Kepler
- 1571 - 1630)
MfpNahh; mwptpay; thapyhf Gtpikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il kWj;J> ghpRj;j Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wf;fpira>
g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;w fUj;ij typAWj;jpdh;. te;jJ tpid!. md;W tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j
kjFUkhh;fs;> g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;w fUj;J> jq;fs; Ntj E}Yf;F Kuzhz fUj;J vdf; $wp
me;j mwptpayhsh;fis rh;r; tpyf;F> Ch; tpyf;F> kj tpyf;F vd gbg;gbahd njhy;iyfisj;
je;J mth;fspd; Fuiy mlf;fp tpl;ldh;.
Mdhy; mwpahikf; fhhpUspy; jq;fs;
mwpitj; njhiyj;Jtpl;l kjFUf;fshy; me;j mwptpayhsh;fspd; Fuiyj;jhd; xLf;f
Kbe;jNjad;wp
mth;fs; $wpa g+Nfhs efh;itj; jLf;f Kbatpy;iy. Vnddpy; mth;fspd; me;jf; $w;W ,e;jg;
g+kpiag; gilj;J ,jid efh;j;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gtd; ahNuh> mtDila thh;j;ijfshfpa
ghpRj;j Fh;Mdhy; ew;rhd;W ngw;wpUe;jJ. MfNt g+Nfhsk; epd;W tpltpy;iy. mJ
njhlh;e;J efh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ NkYk; gyKiw #hpaidr; Rw;wp te;J nfhz;bUe;j
NghJ jpBnud xypj;jJ kw;nwhU Fuy;.
Rw;wtpy;iy $hpad; g+kpia! Rw;WfpwJ g+kp #hpaid vd;wJ mf;Fuy;. njhiyNehf;fpiar;
rPuikj;J gy mhpa fz;L gpbg;Gfis toq;fpa mwptpay; khNkij fypypNah (Galileo
1564 - 1642)
tpd; Fuy;jhd; mJ. ,e;j Kiw kf;fs; nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpf;fj; Jtq;fpa fhuzj;jhy;> me;j
kjFUkhh;fshy; ,tuJ Fuiy xLf;fp tpl ,aytpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,tUila '#hpa FLk;gj;ijg;
gw;wpa (Solar
System) fz;L
gpbg;Gfs; jq;fsJ Ntj E}Yf;F tpNuhjkhdJ vd;W $wpf; fpwp];Jt FUkh;fs; ,tiu Nuhk;
efuj;jpd; tprhuizf; $lj;Jf;F mioj;jdh;. mg;NghJ 69 taij epuk;gptpl;l (1633 y;) ,k;Kjpath;
gythW kpul;lg;gl;L> ,Wjpahf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,tUf;F ,Ue;j ngUk; nry;thf;ifg;
Gwf;fzpf;f Kbahj epiyapy; me;j tprhuiz kd;wk; ,th; nra;j ghgj;jpw;F(?) xU
jz;lidia mwptpj;jJ.
iggpspd; rq;fPj E}ypypUe;J Fwpg;gpl;l rpy ghly;fis (Penitential
Psalm)
thuj;jpw;F VOKiw tPjk; %d;W tUlj;jpw;F vOj Ntz;Lk; vd cj;jutpl;lJ.
Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwNjh> mijNa ,e;j
mwptpay; Nkij> jd;Dila mwptpay; Ma;tpy; fz;Ltpl;lhh; vd;w Fw;wj;ijj;(?)
jtpu> md;W me;j GNuhfpjf; $l;lk; ,th; kPJ ve;jj; jtiwAk; fhztpy;iy.
,Wjpahf ,e;j mwptpay; Nkijapd; fz;L gpbg;GfSf;Fg; gpwF> g+kp efh;fpwJ vd;W $Wk;
ghpRj;j Fh;Mdpd; $w;iwr; rpWfr;> rpWf cyfk; xg;Gf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ.
,e;j Ntjj;jpd; Mrphpad; kpfj; J}atd;. mtd; jd;Dila $w;iw epuhfhpg;Nghh; kWj;j
NghjpYk;> ep&gpj;Nj jPUfpwhd;.
khwp khwp tUk; ,uTf;Fk; gfYf;Fk; vd;d fhuzk; vdgjw;Fhpa mwptpay; tpsf;fj;ij ehk;
ngw;W tpl;Nlhk;. ,uitAk;> gfiyAk; Njhw;Wtpg;gjpy; g+kpapd; tbtKk;> mjd; Ra
Row;rpANk fhuzk; vd;gij cyfk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j ,U tp\aq;fisg; gw;wpg;
ghpRj;j Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwJ vdj; Njbdhy;> nka;ahfNt ,e;j mw;Gj Ntjk; ek;ikg;
gpukpf;f itf;fpwJ.
Kjyhtjhf g+kpad; tbtk; vd;d? vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fhpa gjpiyg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
G+kppd; tbtk; cUz;ilahdNj vd;W
Fh;MDf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpNyNa
(fp.K.450-y;) fpNuf;fh;fs; fUj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. mf;fUj;J Kw;fhy mwptpaypd;
Kb#lh kd;dd; mhp];lhl;bypdhYk; mwptpay; hPjpahf mq;fPfhpf;fg; gl;lJ. g+kpapd;
tbtk; cUz;ilahdNj vd;gijf; fhl;l flypy; nry;Yk; fg;giy Ma;T nra;J rhd;W
ngw;whh;fs;.
fg;gy; xd;W flypy; nry;Yk; NghJ Kjyhtjhf mjd; mbj;jsk; kiwAk;. GpwF gbg;gbahf
cly; kiwe;J filrpahf gha;kuk; kiwAk;. ,ijf; $h;e;J ftdpj;jhy; flypy; nrd;W
nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gy; mJ nry;yr; nry;yr; g+kpapd; kPJ fPo; Nehf;fpa xU tisTf;Fs; ,wq;FtJ
Nghd;W Njhd;Wk;. mijg;Nghy ek;ik Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gypd; gha; kuj;jpd;
Edp Kjyhtjhff; flw;gug;gpd; J}uj;jpy; vl;bg; ghh;f;Fk;. gpwF gbg;gbahfg; gha;
kuk; KOikahfj; njhpe;J mjd; gpd; mbj;jsk; njhpatUk;. ,J vijf; fhl;LfpwJ vdpy;>
te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gy; g+kpapd; kPJs;s fPo; Nehf;fpa tisT xd;wpypUe;J Vwp
tUtijg;Nghy; Njhw;wkdpj;Jg; g+kpapd; vj;jpirapy; jpUk;gpdhYk; g+kpahdJ fPo;
Nehf;fp tise;jpUf;fpwJ vdf; fhl;LfpwJ.
vj;jpirapy; jpUk;gpdhYk; fPo; Nehf;fp
tise;jpUf;Fk; xU nghUspd; tbtk; cUz;ilahfNt ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gJ njspT. MfNt G+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lJ vd;w mwptpaiy mhp];lhl;by; Vw;Wf;
nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
g+kpapd; tbtk; cUz;il vdpDk;> g+kp mirahJ xNu ,lj;jpy; epi ngw;wpUf;f> $hpad;
mjid Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gNj mhp];lhl;by; cl;gl midj;J mwptpayhsh;fspd; fUj;jhfg;
gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L tiu epiy ngw;W te;jJ. ,f;fUj;ij Vohk; E}w;whz;by;
EiothapypNyNa kWj;Jiuj;j ghpRj;j Fh;Md;> g+kpad; tbtk; gw;wpa ,th;fspd; Ma;it
Vw;fpwjh my;yJ kWf;fpwjh vdg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
Fh;Md; $WfpwJ:
'thdq;fs;> g+kp Mfpatw;wpd;
xOq;fikg;gpYk; ,uTk;> gfYk; xd;wd;
gpd; xd;whf khwp tUtjpYk;> kf;fSf;F gad; jUtijf; nfhz;L flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gypYk;
- rpe;jpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F Vuhskhd rhd;Wfs; ,UUf;fpd;wd." (my;-Fh;Md; ,uz;lthtJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 164 tJ trdk;.)
,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J tpsq;fg;gLk; gw;gy
mwptpay;fspy; xd;W ekJ tpdhtpw;Fk;
gjpyspf;fpwJ. ,uTk;> gfYk; khwp> khwp tUtj;wF Vw;w tifapy; MfhaKk;> g+kpAk;
xOq;Fw mikf;fg; gl;bUg;gNjhL> flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpj;jhy;
mitfSf;Fhpa rhd;Wfs; fpilf;Fk; vdf; $WfpwJ ,t;trdk;. MfNt flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gyhy;
Kd; itf;fg;gLk; rhd;w vij tpsf;FfpwNjh mij ehk; Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ ghpRj;j
Fh;Md;.
Fh;MDf;F epfh; Fh;MNdad;wp NtW VJ?. mw;Gjk;jhd; epfo;j;JfpwJ ,e;j xg;gw;w jpUkiw!
G+kp efutpy;iy vdf; $wpa mhp];lhl;bypd; $w;iw Vw;gjh kWg;gjh vdf; Nfl;lNghJ
mtUila $w;W jtwhf ,Ug;gjhy; mij td;ikahf kWj;J> g+kp efh;fpwJ vdf; $wpw;W. mNj
rkak; g+kpapd; tbtk; cUz;ilNa vd;w cz;ikia tpsf;Fk; mth;fsJ Ma;it Vw;Wf;
nfhs;syhkh vd;W Nfl;lhy; "rpe;jpf;Fk; kdpjh;fNs! cq;fSf;F mitfspy; rhd;Wfs; cz;L"
vd mij Vw;fr; nrhy;fpwJ!.
,g;gbg;gl;l mw;Gjq;fs; vy;yhk; ,d;W cyfpy; Ntjq;fs; vd;w ngahpy; mwpag;gLk; NtW
ve;j E}ypy; fhz ,aYk;?.
vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ez;gh;fNs! ,e;j ghpRj;j Fh;Midj; jtpu> Ntjq;fs; vd;W cq;fs; Kd;
Xjg;gLk; ve;j E}y;fshtJ mwptpay; fz;L gpbg;gfSf;Nf topfhl;bahfj; jpfo;tijg;
ghh;j;jpUf;fpwPh;fsh?.
topfhl;LtJ xU gf;fk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;!. Fiwe;j gl;rk; mwptpaNyhL NkhjkyhtJ ,Uf;f
Ntz;lhkh vd;w tpdhjhd; cq;fis ,iw kWg;gpy; ,Wfr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;s KbfpwJ. MfNt mwptpaiy jdf;Fr; rhl;rpahf epWj;jpapUg;gNjhL> mjpy; Vw;gLk;
nka;Ak;> ngha;Ak; gphpj;jwptpf;Fk; mjDila topfhfl;bahfNtj; jpfOk; ghpRj;j Fh;Mid
Ma;T nra;Aq;fs;. ePq;fs; cz;ikiaNa fz;lwptPh;fs;.
md;ghh;e;j ez;gh;fNs! ,g;NghJ cq;fsplj;jpy; xU tpdh vof;$Lk;. ghpRj;j Fh;Md; $wpathW
xUth; flypy; nry;Yk; fg;giy Ma;T nra;jhy; g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfz;lNj vd;w mwptpay;
rhd;iw mth; fz;lwpthh; vd;gJ cz;ikNa. Mdhy; flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpa Ma;T
Kiw Fh;Md; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dhy;> fpNuf;fh;fsplk; mwpag;gl;l Ma;T KiwjhNd?
Fh;Mid Ma;Tf; fz;NzhL ghh;itapLk; xUth; ,e;j trdj;ijg; ghh;j;jTld; g+kpad; tbtk;
gw;wp fpNuf;fj; jj;jtj;ij Vw;fyhk; vd;W $WtjhfNt tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mg;gbg;
ghh;j;jhy; fpNuf;fh;fs; me;jj; jj;jtj;ijg; gw;wp vJTk; $whky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;>
mijg;gw;wp $Wfpd;w mtrpak; Fh;MDf;Fk; Vw;gl;bUf;fhJ. MfNt me;j epiyapy; g+kp
cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpaiyf; Fh;MdpypUe;J tpsq;f
tha;g;gpUe;jpf;fhjy;yth vd;w tpdhNt me;j tpdhthf ,Uf;Fk;.
fpNuf;fh;fs; Ma;T vd;gJ ntWk; xU 2500
tUlj;jpw;Fl;gl;l tp\ak;. Mdhy; ,e;j ghpRj;j Fh;Md; ,g;Nguz;lj;ij gilg;gjw;F
Kd;$l;bNa ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy;
gjpag;gl;bUe;jJ vd;gNj cz;ik. Mdhy; me;j tp\aj;jpw;Fs; jw;NghJ Eioahky;
thjj;jpw;fhf cq;fs; Iaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tpdhit Vw;W mjw;Fhpa tpdhit fhz;Nghk;.
ez;gh;fNs! flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gy; gw;wpa vLj;Jf;fhl;L g+kpapd; tbtk; vd;d vd;gijf;
fz;lwptjw;Fhpa Ma;T Kiwiaf; $Wk; fUtpNa!. Mdhy; Ma;Tf; fz;fshy; ,e;j mw;Gj
Ntjj;ijg; ghh;j;jPh;fshdhy; ,e;j g+kp Nfhs tbtj;ijf; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpay;
jPh;g;igNa jUk; mw;Gjkhd trdq;fisf; fz;L kiyj;Jg; NghtPh;fs;. MfNt cq;fs;
tpdhtpw;Nfw;g fpNuf;fj; jj;Jtk; vOe;jpuhtpbDk; g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd
mwptpf;Fk; NtW trdq;fis Fh;Md; tphpj;NjhJfpwJ.
mhp];lhl;bYf;Fk; (fp.K. 370-286)
gw;gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Ke;jpa fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,iwtDila ey;ybahh;fspy; rpwg;ghd
kdpjh; xUth; ,Ue;jhh;. cyfpd;; kPJ Ml;rp nrYj;Jk;
NguuruhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. 'Jy;-fh;idd;" vd;w
ngaUila ,tiug; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg; gl;bUe;j gz;ilfhfy muG tho; kf;fs; ,iwj;J}juhk;
khkdpjh; K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fsplk; Jy;fh;idd; mth;fisg; gw;wp tpguk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;.
jd;Dila J}jhplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l ,t;tpdhtpw;F ,iwtd; gjpyspf;fpwhd;:
' NkYk; (egpNa!) ,th;fs; ck;kplk; Jy;fh;idd; gw;wpf; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. ePh;
mth;fsplk; $Wk; ehd; mtiug; gw;wpr; rpy tpguq;fis cq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpNwd;.
jpz;zkhf ehk; mtUf;F g+kpapy; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ij mspj;jpUe;Njhk;. NkYk; mtUf;F
vy;yhtpjkhd rhjdq;fisAk; tha;g;GfisAk; toq;fpapUe;Njhk;. mth;(jhk;) Mw;w Ntz;ba
rpy fhhpaq;fSf;fhf xU gazk;) Gwg;gl;lhh;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
f`;/Gtpd; 83> 84> 85 Mk; trdq;fs;.)
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf> Jy;fh;idd; vDk; jd;Dila ey;ybahUf;F ,iwtd; murhl;rpia
cyfpy; toq;fp> cyfpy; mth; Mw;w Ntz;ba rpy Kf;fpakhd gzpfisAk; mtUf;Ff;
fl;lisapl;L mth; xU neba gazj;ijj; Jtf;Fk;gb nra;jpUf;fpwhd; vdj; njhpa tUfpwJ.
,g;gazj;jpd; eLNt mth; nrd;wilAk; ,lj;ijg; gw;wp njhlh;e;J $WfpwJ Fh;Md;:
"#hpad; m];jkpf;Fk; vy;iyia mth; mile;j NghJ> mJ fUg;G ePhpy; m];jkpg;gij (mth;)
fz;lhh;."
,e;j trdj;jpd; thapyhf> Jy;fh;idd; mth;fSila gazj;ijg; gw;wpr; rpy Kf;fpakhd
jftiyj; jUfpwJ Fh;Md;.
Kjyhtjhf mth; jk;Kila gazj;jpd; eLNt xU fl;lj;jpy; vy;iyf; Nfhl;il mile;J
tpl;lhh; vdj; njhptpf;fpwJ.
mLj;jgbahf me;j vy;yif;NfhL xU ePh;epiyahf ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; mjpYk; #hpad; ePh;
epiyf;Fs; m];jkpg;gijg; Nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; me;j ePh;epiy
fz;Zf;nfl;ba J}uk; tiu tpahgpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; njhpfpwJ. vdNt ,e;j ePh;epiy
xU flyhf ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk; ,e;j trdj;jpypUe;J njhpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
mLj;jgbahf ePh;epiy vy;iyahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;F Kd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l gazk;
tiu jiug; gazkhfNt ,Uf;f KbAk; vdj; njhpfpwJ. Vnddpy; ePh;topg; gazj;jpw;F ePh;
epiyNa vy;iyahf KbahJ. NkYk; Mfha khh;f;fkhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mjw;F jpirfs;
vy;iyahf ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,tUila gazj;jpd; vy;iyahff; Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLtJ '#hpad;
m];jkpf;Fk; vy;iy" vd;gNj. mjhtJ ,tUila gazj;jpw;F Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; mike;j vy;iy
vd;W. MfNt ,th; Nkw;Fj; jpirapYs;s flw;fiuia (mJ vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; ePh; fWg;G
ePuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ekJ jiyg;NghL rk;ge;jg; gltpy;iy) neUq;Fk; tiu> jiu
topg;gazNk Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhh; vd;gJ njspT.
NkYk; ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd tp\aj;ijAk; ,e;j trdk; njhptpf;fpwJ.
mjhtJ ,th; jk;Kila neba gazj;ij Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhh; vd;gJ.
Nkw;F Nehf;fpa ,tUila gazj;jpy; ePh;
epiy vy;iyahf mika> mjw;F NkYk; ,th; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; xd;W ,th;
ePh; khh;f;fkhfNth my;yJ Mfha khh;f;fkhfNthjhd gazk; nra;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fhpa
rhjdq;fSk; tha;g;GfSk; me;j
njhd;ikahd fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jdth? vd;W Nfl;lhy; mjw;Fhpa gjpiyAk; Fh;Md; me;j
trdq;fspNyNa $WfpwJ. mjhtJ:
'NkYk; mtUf;F vy;yhtpjkhd rhjdq;fisAk;> tha;gGfisAk; toq;fpapUe;Njhk;" vd;W.
vdNt ,iwtd; ehbagb gazj;jpw;Fhpa rhjdq;fSk;> tha;g;GfSk; ,th; ngw;wpUe;jhh;
vd;gij ,t;trdk; tpsf;FfpwJ.
Jy;fh;idd; mth;fs; nrd;wile;j me;j ,lj;jpy; ,iwtdpd; cj;juTg;gb nrayhw;w Ntz;ba
fhhpaq;fisr; nra;j gpwF> mth; jk;Kilia gazj;ij kPz;Lk; njhlh;fpwhh;. mijg;
gw;wpj; njhlh;e;J $Wk; Fh;Md; trdq;fisf; ftdpAq;fs;:
'kPz;Lk; mth; Gwg;gl;lhh;. #hpad; cjakhFk; vy;iyia mth; mile;J tpl;lhh;." (my;-Fh;Mdpd;
18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f`;/Gtpd; 89> 90Mk; trdq;fs;.)
vd;d tpe;ij! ,e;jg; gazj;jpy; mtUila vy;iyahf mike;jJ vJNth mJ #hpad; cjakhFk;
vy;iyah?. vq;fpUf;fpwPh;fs; ez;gh;fNs! ,q;F Xjg;gl;l ghpRj;j Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpd;
ghy; nrtp ePl;bf; Nfl;Bh;fsh ,y;iyah?.
#hpad; kiwAk; vy;iyapypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fp ,e;jg; g+kpapd; kPJ neba gazk; nra;J
te;j xUth; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; vy;iyia miltjh?.
mjhtJ Nkw;F Nehf;fp> Nkw;nfy;iyapy; ,Ue;J jiu topahfTk;> ePh; topahfTk; (Jy;fh;idd;
mth;fSila ,uz;lhtJ gazKk; vy;iyf;F cl;gl;lJ vdf; Fh;Md; $Wtjhy; ,g;gazk; ePh;
topg; gazNk vd;gJ njspT) xUth; gazk; nra;J te;jhy; mth; fpof;Fj; jpiria mila
KbAkh?.
KbAkh vd;w Nfs;tpf;Nf ,lkpy;iy!. xUth;
mt;thW Nkw;fpypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fpg;
gazk; nra;J fpof;if mile;Nj tpl;lhh; vdf; Fh;Md; giw rhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Fh;Md; $Wtijg;Nghy; Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; gazk; nra;j xUth; fpof;if mila Ntz;Lkhapd; ,e;jg;
g+kpapd; tbtk; jl;ilahf> Nkil Nghd;wpUf;Fkh?. my;yJ cUz;ilahf Nfhs tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lkh?.
gjpy; nrhy;Yq;fs; ez;gh;fNs!
MfNt ,q;F ehk; Ma;Tf;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l
trdq;fs; thapyhfg; g+kp cUz;ilahd Nfhs tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;W ghpRj;j Fh;Md; njs;sj;
njspthf tpsf;fp tpl;lJ.
gz;ilf; fhy fpNuf;fh;fs; g+kp cUz;il
tbtk; nfhz;lNjnad;w mwptpaiyf
$whjpUg;gpDk;> g+kp cUz;il tbtk; nfhz;;lNjnad;w mwtpaiyg; ghpRj;j Fh;Md; $wj;jhd;
nra;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjpy; ,jw;F NkYk; cq;fspy; ahUf;Fk; Iak; Vw;gl;
tha;g;gpy;iyay;yth?.
g+kp cUz;ilahd Nfhs tbtk; nfhz;lNj vd;w mwptpaiyf; Fh;MdpypUe;J njs;sj; njspthf
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l gbahy;> g+kpapd; Ra Row;rp (jd;idj; jhNd Rw;Wjy;) gw;wpg;
ghpRj;j Fh;Md; vd;d $WfpwJ vd;gij mLj;j njhlhpy; fhz;Nghk; ,d;\h my;yh`;..!