The structure of crystalline materials. Translational symmetry. Bloch?s functions and theorem. Reduction to a Brillouin zone. Chemical bonds. Defects in crystals.

The nearly-free electron model. The tight-binding method. The Green?s function method.Electron energy zones. Effective mass method. Fermi statistics of charge carriers in metals and semiconductors. Electronic specific heat. Electric conductivity. Thermal conductivity. Difusion. Thermoelectric effects.

Mechanical oscilation of atoms in crystals. Lattice dynamics. Phonons. Lattice specific heat. Anharmonicity and thermal expansion. Phonon-phonon interaction. Electron-phonon scatering.

Dielectrical properties of materials. Theory of polarizability. Nonlinear dielectrics (piroelectrics, piesoelectrics, feroelectrics, antiferoelectrics). Magnetic properties of materials (diamagnetics, paramagnetics, feromagnetics, antiferomagnetics). Macroscope structure of magnetics. Superconductivity - phenomenological and BCS theories.

The structureof noncrystalline materials (amorphys materials, liquid crystals, polymers).

Methods of material characterization. The determination of material structure (Roendgen?s difraction). The determination of electronic zonal structure (optic and thermal methods). The determination of chemical bond types (spectroscopic vibrational methods, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nonelastic neutron scatering). The determination of semiconductor transport characteristics (Hall?s method, ciclotronoc resonancy). The determination of dielectrical properties of materials (relative permeability, internal and surface resistance). The determination of magnetic properties of materials (neutron difraction and scatering, NMR, magnetic susceptibility).

Used literature:

1. D. Rakovic - "Fizicke osnove i karakteristike elektrotehnickih materijala" (Physical Characteristics of Electric Materials - in Serbian), Belgrade 1995
2. D.Rakovic, P. Osmokrovic, N. Arsic - "Elektrotehnicki materijali-zbirka zadataka" (Electrical materials-book of problems - in Serbian), Belgrade 1996
3. N.W. Ashcroft, N.D.Mermin - "Solid State Physics", Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, 1976
4. J.M.Ziman, F.R.S. - "Principles of the Theory of Solids", University Press, Cambridge, 1972
5. C. Kittel - "Introduction to Solid State Physics", 7th ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1996
6. M. Pruton - "Introduction to Surface Physics", Claredon Press, Oxford, 1995
7. Masao Doi- "Introduction to Polymer Physics", Claredon Press, Oxford, 1996

Electrons in an ideal crystal. The Hartree-Fock method. Electron in periodic field. Inverse effective mass tensor. Concept of positive holes. The approximation of almost free (weakly bound) electrons. Brillouin zones. Tight binding approximation

Localized electron states in crystals. Wannier functions. Tamm surface states. Exciton (Wannier-Mot). Polarons

Metals, dielectrics and semiconductors. Statistical equilibrium of free electrons in semiconductors and metals. Heat capacity of free electrons. Paramagnetism of gases and conducting electrons. Diamagnetism of atoms and conducting electrons. Cyclotron (diamagnetic) resonance. Metal-semiconductor contact. Properties of p-n junction. Generation and recombination of charge carriers.

Optical phenomena in semiconductors. Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. Interband absortion of light (direct and indirect interband transitions). Polaritons. Faraday's rotation effect. Interband absorption of light in a quantizing magnetic field. Franz-Keldysh effect. Zaner effect.

Used literature:

1. A. Ansel?m- "Vvedenie u teoriyu poluprovodnikov" (Introduction to theory of semiconductors- in English), Nauka, Moskva 1978

Meissner effect. Diamagnetism. London?s equation. Clasiffication of superconductors. Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of superconducting materials. Phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory. Critical magnetic fields. Mixed states and vortex lattice. Flux quantisation. Isotope and Josephson?s effect. Surface superconductivity. Paramagnetic effect. Effect of spin-orbital scatering. Thermal properties. Micro (BCS) theory. Cooper electron pairs. Binding energy. Superconducting materials (classical, HTC, organic).

Metrology and superconductivity (Josephson?s junction, SQUID).

Superconductivity and fullerenes (crystal and electronic structure; critical fields, penetration depth and coherence length; models for fullerene superconductivity; energy gap; isotope effect).

Used literature:

1. D.R.Tilley, J.Tilley-"Superfluidity and Superconductivity", Reinhold Co, New york 1974
2. H.Ehrenreich, F.Spaepen-"Solid State Physics-Advances in Research and Applications", Volume 48 (Fullerenes), Academic Press, INC. 1994