ÀÄÛÃÝ
ÏØÛÍÀËÚÝÕÝÌÐÝ ÏÀÑÝÐÅÉ ÓÝÐÝÄÕÝÌÐÝ
Circassian Music &
Musicology
Amjad Jaimoukha
Çûòõàð: Æýìûõúóý Àìäæýäù
[For audio recordings of the songs in this
section, please write to me at <Jaimoukha@gmail.com> and I will send you
the files by e-mail]
Äè àäûãý óýðýäûæü äàõýõýð
ñûêúûùàäàIóýì äåæ, ñýðêIý åçûõýì ÿ ìûõüýíý äûäýð òýðýçó, õóèòó, óýð-ñýðó
çûõýùIûêIûæûðêúûì, ñûò ùõüýêIý æûïIýó ùûòìý, ïàñýðåé óýðýäõýì ÿáçýð çûêúîìðý
êúûùõüýùIîêI äý äè íîáýðåé àäûãýáçýì. Àáû êúèíýìûùIêIý, åçû ïàñýðåé óýðýäõýì õýò
ïñàëúý çàóëðý ÿ ìûõüýíýð êIóýäûæàù, íîáýðåé ùûïñýó àäûãýõýì çûùIýæûð
êúàõýêIêúûì, ïñàëúýùIýõýð êúèõüýðè ÿïIýì òåóâàóý. ÃúýùIýãúóýíêúý, òIý, äý äè
óýðýäûæüõýì ÿ Iûõüý ùIàãúóý äè ëúýõúýíûì èïý êúåæüàïIý çýðûãúóýòûæàð! Àáû èïêú
èòêIý, ñý äè óýðýäûæüõýì ÿ íýõú äàõýó, ÿ íýõú òåëúûäæýó çûáæàíý êúýçûõýõðè ÿ
ïñàëúýõýð àíäæûëûáçýìêIý çûçàäçýêIàù, ùIû õúóðåé ùûïñýó àäðåé ëúýïêúõýì äè
àäûãý óýðýäûæüõýì ÿ ïñàëúý êóóõýð ÿ ïøûíàëúý äàõýõýð ÿëúýäûãúýIýñûí ïàïùIý.
Çýçûõóýõüýñà óýðýäõýð áæûãúýêIý ùèòI íýáëàãúý ìýõúó. ËIýùIûãúóý çûòIóù
óçûIýáýêIûæìý, ìî óýðýäõýì ÿùûù
çûáæàíý äæýãóàêIóýõýìðý óýðýäæûIàêIóýõýìðý ÿ ðåïåðòóàðõýì ÿõýòàò.
Àäûãý óýðýäûæüõýð æàíðêIý –
ëúýïêú-ëúýïêúó æûïIè õúóíóù – êúûïùõüýãúýùIûêIûí õúóíóù (ïñàëúýì ïàïùIý:
Òõüýõýì õóàãúýçà ëúýIóõýðè, Íàðò óýðýäõýðè ïøûíàëúýõýðè, ëIûõúóæüûãúý
êúàãúýëúàãúóý èêIè òõûäýì òåõóà óýðýäõýð, ãúûáçýõýð, òõüýóñûõýõýð, ìýêúóìýøûùIý
óýðýäõýð, Iýõúóý óýðýäõýð, õüýãúóýëIûãúóý óýðýäõýðè ïøûíàëúýõýðè, ùIàïùý
óýðýäõýð, ñýìýðêúýó óýðýäõýð, ãóøûIý óýðýäõýð, àäûãýáçýì òåóõóà óýðýäõýð, íýãúóýùI
Iýäæýðè), àõýð ïñîðè ÑÄûì èòó êúýçûãúýêIûíóù êóýä ìûùIýó. Àáûõýì ÿùûù ùàïõúý
çûùûïëI êúýòõüûíóù.
Ìû êúýêIóýíó ìýêúóàóý óýðýäûð «Ìýêúó
òåçûãúàîðýð íýëúýíûêúîíýøúóãóù...» Áæüýäûãúóõýì ÿ ðåïåðòóàðûì ùûùù. Óýðýäûð
çûãúýçàùIýð Àäûãåé Êúýðàëûãúóýì è Óýðýä ÆûIàêIóý Àíñàìáëûì «Èñëúàìûé».
The Bzhedugh (Western
Circassian) song ‘Our hired haymaker is blind in one eye…’, which was sung
either before mowing, or after breaking for lunch, is in the repertoire of the
Adigean State Folk Song Ensemble (Yislhamiy):
(1)
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Ìýêúîî îðýä: Ìýêúó òåçûãúàîðýð íýëúýíûêúîíýøúóãóù... 1. Ìýêúó òåçûãúàîðýð
íýëúýíûêúîíýøúóãóù! Æúûó. Óîé, åé, åé, óîé, åé, åé! Åðýäà, óî óîðî, óî, øúàäý! 2. (Ðèðàù) Iîáà,
(óî,) ìýêúîî ìàôýðà! Æúûó. Åé, åé, åé, åé, óî! Óîðèðàùý ãóùýáà, (óî,) ìýêúîî ìàôà! |
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The Mower Song: ‘Our hired
haymaker is blind in one eye…’ 1. Our hired haymaker is blind in one eye! Chorus:
Woy, yey, yey, woy, yey,
yey! Yereda, wo woro, wo, schade![1] 2. (Riyrash)[2]
pray tell, (wo,) blessed mower! Chorus:
Yey, yey, yey, yey, wo! Woriyrashe gwsheba,
(wo,) blessed mower![3] |
Äè æàãúóý çýðûõúóùè, ìû óýðýäûì
èò ïñàëúýõýì «ùàäýðý», «ðèðàùðý», «ãóùýáàðý» ÿ êúèêIûð êIóýäûæàù. Ìûïõóýäýó
Ióýõó ùûò ïýòìè, óýðýäûì è ïøûíàëúý äàõýð äè ïøûíàëúý Ióýõó çûëýæü
ùIýíûãúýëIõýì èõúóìýæàù, äè êúýêIóýíó ùIýáëýõýì ïàïùIý.
Áýðýãúóí Âëàäèìèð
Áýðýãúóí Âëàäèìèð (1939-1998)
àäûãý óýðýäæûIàêIóý öIýðûIóýõóýì ÿ íýõúûùõüýó åïëúûòý õúóíóù. Àáû è ìàêú
ãúóýçýäæý ëúýùãóýðýì óäèõüýõàóý óîäàIóý. Àáû èãúýçýùIàò ïàñýðåé íàðò óýðýä
çûáæàíý, ïñàëúýì ïàïùIý «Àøýìýç è ïøûíàëúý» æûõóèIý óýðýä õüýëýìýò ãóýð.
Ìû êúûêIýëúûêIóýíó óýðýäûì è öIýð «Ñè Ïàêú!». Àð Øàïñûãú àäûãýõýì ÿ ðåïåðòóàðûì ùûùù, óäæ õúóðåé
ÿùIûì äåæ ùûæàIýó ùûòàõýò. Àóý ìû åäçûãúóý ÊúýáýðäåéáçýìêIý êúåIóý.
(2)
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Ñè
Ïàêú! Åæüó. Àðýäà, àðýäà, Àðýäà, ðàäý, àðàäý. Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú, Ïàêúýðè äàõýó ìýóäæûð, ÏõúýâàêúýðèêIóýðè ñè Ïàêú, Ìàñòý ãúýôèéõýð çè Iýïý, Çè Iýïý-ëúàïýð
èêúóãúý, Ïùàùý èêúóãúýðè ñè Ïàêú, Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú. Åæüó. Àðýäà, àðýäà, Àðýäà, ðàäý, àðàäý. Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú, Ïàêúýðè äàõýó ìýóäæûð, IýôðàêIý êIýùIûð ñè Ïàêú, ÌàñòýêIý
ùðèäýðè ñè Ïàêú, Äýíûì õóýèæýðè ñè Ïàêú, Äýíûì õóýIýçýðè ñè Ïàêú, Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú. Åæüó. Àðýäà, àðýäà, Àðýäà, ðàäý, àðàäý. Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú, Ïàêúýðè äàõýó ìýóäæûð, Ìàñòý ïýãúýïëúûð ñè Ïàêú, Äûùý ïûæüèäýðè ñè Ïàêú, Íýæüãúóö óòIýðýçðè ñè Ïàêú, Äàõýó äýùIûíðè
ñè Ïàêú, Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú. Åæüó. Àðýäà, àðýäà, Àðýäà, ðàäý, àðàäý. Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú, Ïàêúýðè äàõýó ìýóäæûð, Ïàêúýðè óäæûì ÿõûõüýì, Êúîóäæõý ïýëúýóý-ïëIàõýó, Ïàêúýðè óäæûì õýêIûæìý, Êúîóäæõý êúýùýóý-ïëIàõýó, Àðàäý ñè Ïàêú. Åæüó. Àðýäà, àðýäà. |
My Pug-Nosed
One! Chorus: Areda, areda, Areda, rade, arada. Arade my Paq, The pug-nosed one dances so
well, My Paq
is wearing wooden sabots, She whose fingers make the
needle whistle, Whose hands and feet are in
good measure, My Paq
is a lass in full plenitude, Arade my Paq. Chorus: Areda, areda, Areda, rade, arada. Arade my Paq, The pug-nosed one dances
very nicely, My Paq
is short-elbowed, When my Paq
sews with the needle, My Paq
is enamoured of sewing, My Paq
is a skilful seamstress, Arade my Paq. Chorus: Areda, areda, Areda, rade, arada. Arade my Paq, The pug-nosed one dances so
well, My Paq
heats the tip of the needle, My Paq
does needlework with gold, The hair on my Paq’s temples are curled, A faithful companion is my Paq, Arade my Paq. Chorus: Areda, areda, Areda, rade, arada. Arade my Paq, The pug-nosed one dances
very nicely, When my Paq
joins the wij dancers, The dancers become
animated, And when my Paq leaves the dance, The dancers break into
threes and fours, Arade my Paq. Chorus: Areda, areda. |
(3)
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ØúîðýêI îðýä:[4] Òýïûðàãúîøúû
ïêIýãúóàëà... Òýïûðàãúîøúû ïêIýãúóàëà,[5] Áëàíýóè ÷úýðýìý äýëúîõúóà. ËIûõúóõýð
êîïêúûäæý åôûçû, Äýíýãúó áçûåðè äåëúýøúóà. Äýíýãúî áçûåðè äåëúýøúóà, Îøúîãúóàíýìè ùàãúýõúóà. Îøúîãúóàíýìè ùàãúýõúóà, Çûóñõüàíûì èøûãúýõúóïIà. Çèóñõüàíûì èøûãúýõúóïIýð, Àëàõüý, ãúýõúóíý äàõà. Àëàõü ãúýõúóíý äàõýó, ×úûãýå äàõýðè êúûðîêIà. ×úûãýå äàõýðè êúûðîêIà, Çèáý ãóùý êúèêIýðè êúàëúîøúõüý. Çèáý êúèêIýðè
êúàëúîøúõüà, ßóíàøúõüýðè äûøúàáãúà. ßóíàøúõüýðè äûøúàáãúà, Áãúýíýóè òåëúýðè êúóðèùà. Áãúýíýóè òåëúýðè êúóðèùà, ×ýìèùýó äàôûðè ìûùûõúóà. ×ýìèùýó äàôûðè ìûùûõúóà, Çûäàôûðý êúàëýøúû õúóðàÿ. Çûäàôûðý êúàëýøúû õúóðàÿ, Òûæüûíû õúóðàåðè ùàãúý÷úà. Òûæüûíû õúóðàåðè ùàãúý÷úà, Çûï÷úý íàõüûäæý èìûIà. Çûï÷úý íàõüûäæý èìûIè, Çûïñûíý ÿIýøúû
ìûæúóàêIý. Çûïñûíý ÿIýøúû
ìûæúóàêIà, Ðàùû êúûêIý÷úûðýð
øúîóïñà. Ðàùû êúûêIý÷úûðýð
øúîóïñà, Òèïñý-êóïñýðè óèõüàêIà. Òèïñý-êóïñýðè óèõüàêIà, ÕüàêIýðè
ìàôýøúû êúûòôàêIóà. ÕüàêIýðè
ìàôýøúû êúûòôàêIóà, ÊúûçûôàêIîðè
ùûãúèùà. ÊúûçûôàêIîðè
ùûãúèùà, Ùûãúûôèùûðè çûðûçà. Ùûãúûôèùûðè çûðûçà, Çýðûçèùûøúû ìýòIûãúóà. Çýðûçèùûøúû ìýòIûãúóà, ßòIûãúóàêIýðè ãóõàõúóà. ßòIûãúóàêIýðè ãóõàõúóà, Ãóì õýçãúàõúîðè çèóçà. Ãóì õýçãúàõúîðè çèóçà, Çèóçûãúîðè ôýïñûíêIà! Çèóçûãúîðè ôýïñûíêIà, ÏñûíêIý
îõúóøúû îõúóæüà! ÏñûíêIý
îõúóøúû îõúóæüà, Óõúóæüûíýóè òõüà åIóà! Óõúóæüûíýóè òõüà åIî, Òõüàì ûIóàãúýðè
íàõüûøIóà! Òõüàì ûIóàãúýðè
íàõüûøIóà, Òõüàì èøIóøIýðè IýøIýõà. Òõüàì èøIóøIýðè IýøIýõà, Òõüàì èäàõýðè õúîïñàãúóà. Òõüàì èäàõýðè õúîïñàãúóà, ×ûëý õúîïñàãúîóè òûêúàíà! |
Smallpox Song: Swift White
Horse… The swift white horse, Tears along fleeter than
the deer. The brave ones are
squeezing its thighs,[6] Itself in gilded silk. Itself in gilded silk, They pasture it at the edge
of the heavens. They put it to pasture at
the edge of the heavens, Where the Master’s horse
pasture lies. The Master’s horse pasture
is, By Allah, a lush meadow. By Allah, a lush meadow, Where splendid oak-trees
grow. Fine oak grows there, As well as more clover than
anywhere else. More clover grows there
than anywhere else, His ethereal abode is
roofed with gold. His roof is covered with
gold, The roofing on it – three blades
of grass. The roofing on top is of
three blades of grass, Three of his bovines are
perennial milch-cows. Three of his cows are
permanent milkers, His cow-house is a
magnificent palace. His cow-house a resplendent
palace, Where silver ingots are cast. Silver bullion is founded
there, Where there is but one
entrance. It has but one door, The bottom of its spring –
shingle. The bed of its spring is of
pebbles, The welling water is mead. The welling water is
honey-sweet, Our souls are guests in thy
realm.[7] Our souls are thy guests, The auspicious guest is
coming to us. The propitious guest is
coming to us, Issuing forth from three
beads. He hails from three beads, The three beads issuing
forth disjointed brightness. The three beads issuing
their light in disconcert, They ripen separately. The three beads ripen
separately, Their ripening is such a
joy. Their ripening is a great
joy, A delightful bliss for the
one with disease. A delightful bliss for the
ill, May his disease ease up! May his illness be
mitigated, May thee get better, may
thee recover! May thee get well, may thee
recover, May God predestine it for
thee to heal! May God will it for thee to
recover, What God ordains is so much
better! God’s will cannot be
surpassed, God is so swift in his
beneficence. God is swift in his
beneficence, God is lavish in his mercy. God is so lavish in his
beneficence and mercy, That our village shall
remain an object of envy! |
Õüýíöèãóàùý (Õüýíöýãóàùý) – óýøõûì è ãóàùýó àäûãýõýì ëúûòýó ùûòàõýò –
õóýãúýçà óýðýä çûáæàíý ùûIýù. Øàïñûãúõýì ÿ ðåïåðòóàðûì êúûõýõûó «Õüàíöýãóàùýð
çýòýùýðà...» óýðýäûì êúåääýIóýíóù. Àáû êúûêIýëúûêIóýó Åëý õóýãúýçà óýðýä
äàõè «Î Åëýìý, ñè øúýî íàøúóõúî!» êúýòòûíóù. Ìûðè Øàïñûãú óýðýäù, óýãúó
ùIûíàëúýì êúèóàìý óýøõ êúýçûõü òõüýëúýIóó æàIý. ÓýðýäèòIûð òõüýëúýIó óýðýäõýì è
æàíðûì ùûùù.
Two rain songs are presented. In
the first chant, ‘We are escorting Hantsegwashe…’, the supplication is addressed to the (native Circassian)
Goddess of Rain (Hantsegwashe, in Western
Circassian), whilst in the second, ‘We Yeleme, siy schewe naschwx’we!’
(‘Oh Elijah, my grey-eyed laddie!’),
Saint Elijah (Yele) – personified as a grey-eyed
youth – is invoked. The latter chant accompanied ritual dancing in the
annual rain ceremonies of the Shapsugh held in April supplicating the Deity of
Rain for summer rain.
(4)
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Õüàíöýãóàùýð çýòýùýðà... 1. Õüàíöýãóàùýð çýòýùýðà — Îùõýð êúåùõà! 2. Íûõýòõû êúûùýãúóàãúî — Îùõýð êúåùõà! 3. Ëûãúîòõû êúûùåãúýøõà! Îùõýð êúåùõà! 4. Øúýîíàæúîð — êúîåïñû ðàãúàøúóà! |
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Song
to Hantsegwashe, the Goddess of Rain: ‘We are
escorting Hantsegwashe…’ 1. We are escorting Hantsegwashe
— It is raining! 2. It is thundering in Nixetx[8] — It is raining! 3. May it rain in Lighwetx![9] It is raining! 4. Schewenazchw[10]
— they are giving him whey for a drink! |
(5)
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Î Åëýìý, ñè øúýî íàøúóõúî! 1. Î Åëýìý, ñè øúýî íàøúóõúî! Æúûó. Î Åëýðý ßëýó! 2. Øúýî íàøúóõúîð êúîåïñû ðàãúàøúî! Æúûó. Î
Åëýðý ßëýó! 3. Ãúóèòõû êúûùýãúóàãúó! Æúûó. Î Åëýðý ßëýó! 4. Ëûãúîòõû êúûùåáãúýùõýó! Æúûó. Î Åëýðý ßëýó! 5. Î Åëýìý, ñè øúýî íàøúóõúó! Æúûó. Î Åëýðý ßëýó! 6.
Øúýî íàøúóõúîð êúîåïñû ðàãúàøúî! Æúûó. Î Åëýðý ßëýó! |
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Song to Saint Elijah,
invoking rain: ‘Oh Elijah, my
grey-eyed laddie!’ 1. Oh Elijah, my grey-eyed laddie! Chorus: Oh
Elijah Elias! 2. They are giving the grey-eyed lad whey for
a drink! Chorus: Oh
Elijah Elias! 3. It is thundering in Ghwyitx![11] Chorus: Oh Elijah
Elias! 4. Will it to rain in Lighwetx! Chorus: Oh
Elijah Elias! 5. Oh Elijah, my grey-eyed laddie! Chorus: Oh
Elijah Elias! 6.
They are giving the
grey-eyed lad whey for a drink! Chorus: Oh
Elijah Elias! |
ÊúàðäýíãúóùI Çûðàìûêó äè íîáýðåé àäûãý
äæýãóàêIóýõýì ÿ íýõúûùõüýù. Àáû è íûáæüûð èëúýñ áãúóùIûì íýñàù. È Iýäàêúý
ùIýêIà Ióýõóãúóýõýð àäûãý êóëüòóðýìêIý àäûãú ôîëüêëîðûìêIý èðèõüýëIýó
óêúåáæýêIûôêúûì, ñûò ùõüýêIý æûïIýó ùûòìý, åçû äæýãóàêIóýøõóý èãúàùIý ïñîìè äè
ùýíõàáçý ãúóýçýäæýì òûùåëýæüûõüàù çýø èìûùIýó, åðûùó, æûäæýðó. Åçû çýõóýõüýñà
ïàñýðåé óýðýäõýìðý IóýðûIóàòýìðý Êúýáýðäåéì è òõûäý íàIóýó, äàõýó
óàãúýëúýãúóýíóù, ëúýõúýíý êóðûòõýì êúûùûùIýäçàóý åòIîùIàíý ëIýùIûãúóýì íýñó.
Àáû è ðåïåðòóàð ãúóíýíøýì êúûõýõûó ùàïõúý çûòIóù íýòòûíóù.
ßïý óýðýäûð ìýêúóàóý óýðýäù,
öIýóý çèIýð «ÌýêúóïIý ìàõóýðè...».
(6)
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Ìýêúóàóý
óýðýä: ÌýêúóïIý ìàõóýðè... (Óîðåäý, óîé,) ìýêúóïIý ìàõóýðè... Åæüó. Óîðåäýó! (Óîðîé,) äîóáëý! Åæüó. Óîðîðàéäý! (Óîðåäý, óîé,) òõüýìàäý ìàõóýðè... Åæüó. Óîðåäýó! (Óîðýó,) äè ïàøýù! Åæüó. Óîðîðîäîó! (Óîðåäý, óîé,) àðãúûíý êIûõüõýðè... Åæüó. Óîðåäýó! (Óîðîó,) äè æàãúóý! Åæüó. Óîðîðîäîó! (Óîðåäý, óîé,) øûíàêú êIûãúóàíýðè... Åæüó. Óîðîó óîó! (Óîó ðîó,) äè ùIàñý! Åæüó.
Óîðîðîäîó! |
Haymaking Song: ‘Meadow of good fortune…’ (Woreide,
woy,) meadow of good fortune… Chorus: Woreidew! (Woroy,)
we are setting to our task! Chorus: Wororayde! (Woreide, woy,) the auspicious
chief mower… Chorus: Woreidew! (Worew,)
is our leader! Chorus: Wororodow! (Woreide, woy,) long windrows… Chorus: Woreidew! (Worow,)
are our odium! Chorus: Wororodow! (Woreide, woy,) the
round-handled bowls… Chorus: Worow wow! (Wow row,) are our joy! Chorus: Wororodow! |
ÅòIóàíý óýðýäûð ùàêIóý óýðýäù, òõüýëúýIóù,
ùàêIóýõýì ÿ òõüýì ÏùûìýçûòõüýêIý õóýãúýçàóý òõüýëúýIóó æàIýó ùûòàõýò. Ìû
óýðýäûì èòù «ùàêIóýáçý» æûõóèIýì ùàïõúý ãóýð. ÙàêIóýáçý – áçý ùýõóð – ùàêIóýõýì
êúàãúýñýáýïó ùûòàõýò ùàêIóý çåêIóý ùûãúóýì. Äý çè ãóãúó òùIû ïñàëúýð «áæüàáý»
àðàù, àáû êúèêIûð çè ùõüý áæüý êóýä òåòûðù, çàíùIýó æûïIýíóìý «ùûõüûð» àðàù.
Circassian
aristocracy donned masks on their hunting expeditions, apparently to confound
the prey, and together with the esoteric cant (schak’webze=language
of the chase), render the objects of the hunt unaware of the true purpose of
the chevy. In the following song, ‘Áæüàáý’ (‘multi-antlered’, ‘with branching
antlers’ = ‘deer’) affords an example of a word used in the (secretive)
language of the chase.
(7)
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ÙàêIóý óýðýä: Ïùûìýçûòõüý è óýðýä 1. ÏùûìýçûòõüýêIý, (óî óîð,) ñîäæýð, (èäæû, óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) ïàùIý, (óà,) áçèèïëúðý... Åæüó. Óî! Ñàíýïëúìý, (óà, óî,) è áçàáçýð, (èäæû, óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çûõóà(óî)ãúýõûæüè... Åæüó. Óî! 2. Ãúýëúýõúó õóæüìý, (óî, óî,) è áæüàáýðêúý,
(óàðà óîéäý,) (óà,) çè òûõüý, (óà óàðè,) ùIàñýðý... Åæüó. Óî! (Óý,)
çè íûñý, (óà-à, óî,) ùIàñýð, (èäæû, óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çûõóýëúýãóàæüè... Åæüó. Óî! 3. Äý íåäãúý(óî)æüà ãóùýð, (èäæû,
óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çýðûIý(óàðè)ùõüýõóðý... Åæüó. Óî! Åðýæüìè, (àð, óý,) ìàõóýò, (èäæû, óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çýðûõóýIýæüè... Åæüó. Óî! 4. Ùûõüûæüìè,
(óà,) è áæüýïýðêúý òIý, (óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çè ñîòý(óý-óà-ðè)ðýøðý... Åæüó. Óî! Áëàíý ïøýðìè, (óî, óî, óîð,) è ùõüýôýðêúý, (óàðà
óîéäý,) (óý,) çè ôý, (óî-óý,) ñóëûêúóè... Åæüó. Óî! 5. Ïûëûæüìý, (óî-à, óî,) è ïêúûðêúý òIý, (óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çè, (óî-óý-óî,) áûäàêúðý... Åæüó.
Óî! (Óý,) çè àëúòûíûêIýì[12],
(èäæû, óàðà óîéäý,) (óý,) çðèñý, äè òõüýìàäýæüù, áæüàáýö ïIýùõüýãúù...[13] Åæüó. Óî! |
|
Song of the
Hunt: The Song of Lord
Mezithe 1. ‘Lord Mezithe’, (wo wor,) is his name, (yiji, wara woyde,) (we,) his moustache, (wa,) is
ginger red… Chorus: Wo! Red wine, (wa, wo,) cheery and fine, (yiji, wara woyde,) (we,) is kept to
maturity for him … Chorus: Wo! 2. The white wether,
(wo, wo,) fattened and
many- horned, (wara woyde,) (wa,) is the offering to him, (wa wariy,) delectable and
right… Chorus: Wo! (We,) whose
daughter-in-law, (wa-a, wo,)
beloved and dutiful, (yiji, wara
woyde,) (we,) kneels before him… Chorus: Wo! 3. We sent to him, (yiji,
wara woyde,) (we,) the white-sleeved maid… Chorus: Wo! Custodian of
victuals, (ar, we,) blessed protector of people, (yiji, wara woyde,) (we,) masterly and dexterous… Chorus: Wo! 4. The great deer’s, (wa,)
antler tips, (wara woyde,) (we,) are his toy sabres… Chorus: Wo! The fat
fallow-deer’s, (wo, wo, wor,) skin of head, (wara woyde,) (we,) is the material, (wo-we,)
for his wineskin… Chorus: Wo! 5. The mighty elephant’s, (wo-a,
wo,) hulking bone, (wara woyde,) (we,) is his, (wo-we-wo,) cudgel… Chorus: Wo! (We,) whose
golden-red topknot, (yiji, wara
woyde,) (we,) stands on
end, our great leader, From the wool of
deer is the head of thy bedstead… Chorus: Wo! |
(8)
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ÙàêIóý óýðýä: Äàóùäæýðäæèé
è óýðýä 1. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðîéäù, (óýóèóýó,
óàðåäè, óî,) óãúóðëûæüò, óãúóðëûæü! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óýðåäà óåé, ðàóýèåé,) Ïñûøõóý è áàíýò, (èäæû, óý,) õóýãúóà(óý)áæýò, (óîó, óî,) õóýãúóàáæýòè, (ðàóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Äè õüý ãúóà(óý)áæýæü ãóùýõýð, (óýð,) êúàëúýô, (óýó,) ÿ Ióñò, ÿ Ióñò! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 2. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðýäù,
(óýóèóýó, óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óýðåäà óè, ðàóýèàé,) ãúóýäûäæìý, (óý,) èñ ãóùýõýð,
(óý,) çýäýäè, (óî-óà,) çýäýäèçàõóýòè, (ðýóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Iýçàõóýì äûêIóýìý, (òIý, àð,) ùûòIóýòý, (óî-óî,) ùûòIóýòýæûíò, ùûòIóýòýæûí! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 3. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðýäù, (óýóèóý,
óàðýäè, óî,) óãúóðëûæüò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óýðýäà óè, ðàóýèàé,) Äàóùäæýðäæèéò, (æè, óý,) è
òõüý(óî)øõóýð, (óîó, óî,) èãúóñýòè, (ðýóýèàé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Ïýùàáý, (óý,) ãúóñýò, (èäæû,) íàïý(óî)õóð, (óîó, óî,) è
êIýñò, è êIýñò! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 4. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðýäù,
(óýóèóýó, óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óýðýäà óè, ðàóýèàé,) áàæý äåùýíóìý, (óýð,) øû
êúóý(óý)ãúóêIý, (óýð,) äûâãúàêIóè, (ðàóýèàé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Áëàíý äåóýíóìý, (óýð,) øû ïøý(à)ðêIý, (óî,) äåâãúàæüýò, äåâãúàæüý! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 5. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðýäù, (óýóèóýó,
óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! Ìûð ìàõóýòè, (ðàóýèàé,) äè Àìý(óý)óêúóý ãóùýìý,
÷ûáëýðêúý, (óî, óîóêúý, óîóêúý, óý,) ùàãúýøðè, (ðàóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Ôý ãúóçà(óý) êúàøýõýð,
(àð,) ãóôý çû, (óî-óî,) ãóôý çýòåòò, ãóôý çýòåòò! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 6. Ñè óýðàéäù, ñè óýðýäù,
(óýóèóýó, óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óàðýäà óè, ðàóýèàé,) äè Àðûêúûæü ãóùýõýì ìûð
áæüàáý(óî)æüõýð, (óàóêúý, óî,) êúûùîõúóðè, (ðàóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Áëàíý å(óý)õúóàõýð, (èäæû, àð,) ëúýãóà, (óî-óî,)
ëúýãóàæüý ôIûöIýòè, (ðàóýèåé)! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 7. Ñè óýðàéäù, ñè óýðýäù,
(óýóèóýó, óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óýðýäà óè, ðàóýèàé,) äè ôî÷ ôIû(óý)öIýæü ãóùýõýì, (óýð,) äûçýäû, (óî-óî,) äûçýäûùIîïëúðè,
(ðàóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! È íýð çû(óý)òåïëúý ãóùýð ìûð ïøýðûõüìý, (óî, óîóêúý,
óîó, óý,) IýùIûêIêúûì, IýùIûêI! Åæüó. Óî, óî! 8. Ñè óýðîéäù, ñè óýðýäù,
(óýóèóýó, óàðýäè, óý,) ìàõóýò! Åæüó. Óî, óîó, óîó ðèðàðè! (Óàðýäà óè, ðàóýèåé,) Áýäçýëý(óý)èæü ãóùýõýì ìûð áëý ôIûöIýõýðè, (óîó, óî,) ùûçýïðîïùðè, (ðàóýèåé)... Åæüó. Óî, óî! Ñûðûìý, (óý,) Iýùõüýõýð àð çè ùõüýì õóè(é)ìûò, êúðèòI çýõóàêóì IýïùýêIý êúûäýçûøûæûð Äàóùäæýðäæèéù, Äàóùäæýðäæèé! Åæüó. Óî, óî! |
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Song of the Hunt: The Song of St. George 1. My song, my song, (wewiywew,
wareidiy, wo,) is the
harbinger of fortune, bringer of good luck! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wereida weiy, rawe-yeiy,) the thickets by the Are
grey, (wow, wo,) are grey, (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! Our
hardened grey hounds, (wer,) are dragging here, (wew,) their food, their food! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 2. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) augurs well! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wereida wiy, rawe-yay,) in the deep burrows, (we,) dwells, (we,) our, (wo-wa,) our common prey, (rewe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! If
we set off to ’Ezaxwe,[14]
there, (t’e, ar,) about
our failures, (wo-wo,) Might we forget, might we forget! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 3. My song, my chant, (wewiywe,
warediy, wo,) is the omen
of good fortune! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wereda wiy, rawe-yay,)
St. George, (zhiy, we,) his Supreme God, (wow, wo,) is in his company, (rewe-yay)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! Herself,
(we,) always with the soft-snouts,[15]
(yiji,) the white-faced [beauty], (wow, wo,) Is
his bag, his booty! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 4. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) is propitious! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wereda wiy, rawe-yay,)
if foxes we are to hunt, (wer,) on lean steeds, (wer,) let’s set off, (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! If
deer we are after, (wer,) on stout mounts, (wo,) let’s depart, let’s depart! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 5. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) is auspicious! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! All
day long, (rawe-yay,) at our Amewiqwe,[16]
staffs, (wo, wowqe,
wowqe, we,) are bent, [stretching hide] (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! The
dried off hide that they bring, (ar,) is packed
full, (wo-wo,) in layers in bullock carts, In
layers in bullock carts! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 6. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) omens well! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wareda wiy, rawe-yay,)
at our ancient Ariq the great deer,[17] (wawqe, wo,)
are grazing, (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! The
fattened deer, (yiji, ar,)
with knees, (wo-wo,) are with black knees, (rawe-yeiy)! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 7. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) bodes well! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wereda wiy, rawe-yay,)
our great black muskets, (wer,) together we, (wo-wo,) we fire simultaneously, (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! If
he looks into the eyes of whatever breed of prey, (wo,
wowqe, wow, we,) It
cannot flee, it just cannot break free! Chorus:
Wo, wo! 8. My song, my chant, (wewiywew,
warediy, we,) is the omen of good luck! Chorus:
Wo, wow, wow riyrariy! (Wareda wiy, rawe-yey,)
Old Bedzele,[18]
with dark and gloomy snakes, (Wow,
wo,) is swarming and teeming, (rawe-yeiy)… Chorus:
Wo, wo! He
who rescues the captive white-sleeved damsel, by leading her by the hand
through the Crevice
between the two massive rocks, is St. George, is St. George! Chorus:
Wo, wo! |
The theme of St. George rescuing the damsel in
distress is common to the medieval legends of the Circassians, Georgians,
English, Ossetians, and other peoples. St. George is considered to be the
patron saint of both the Georgians and English (and the Circassians before the
advent of Islam). It is known that there had been active interactions between
the Circassian and Georgian civilizations throughout the ages. St. Elijah, as
bringer of rain, was also similarly venerated by both the Circassians and
Georgians. The common heritage of the Circassians and Georgians merits further
investigation.
Back to Circassian Culture & Folklore main page
[1] ‘Schade’
appears to have no semantic significance.
[2] ‘Riyrash’
seems not to have a semantic significance.
[3] ‘Gwsheba’
has no semantic sense in the given context.
[4] This is a Bzhedugh hymn. The sheet music of is included in Appendix
6. The hymn is in the repertory of the Adigean State Folk Song Ensemble ‘Yislhamiy’. It is included in the accompanying CD.
[5] ‘ÏêIýãúóàë’ is ‘white horse’ in
Adigean. In Kabardian, ‘ïùIýãúóàëý’ is ‘(name of) grey horse’. Some colour designations in
Circassian seem to be context-dependent. For example, ‘ùõúóàíòIý’ in Kabardian means
both ‘green’ and ‘(electric) blue’. In Adigean, ‘øõúóàíòIý’ designates ‘green’,
‘sky-blue’, and ‘grey’. ‘Ïëúû’ (also ‘ïëúûæü’) in Kabardian
designates ‘red’, ‘vermilion’, ‘crimson’, ‘scarlet’, and ‘cherry-red’, whereas
‘ïëúûæüû’
in Adigean means ‘red’. In Kabardian, ‘ìîðý’ has two designations: ‘brown’
and ‘yellowish violet’; and ‘ìîðàôý’ has three: ‘beige’,
‘brownish’, and ‘violet’. ‘Ãúóàáæý’ in Kabardian means
‘dark-grey’, ‘brownish’, and ‘yellowish’. The corresponding term in Adigean, ‘ãúóàï÷ý’, designates
‘yellowish’, ‘yellowy’. Perhaps regional variations have a bearing on this
issue.
[6] So as to subdue it.
[7] Therefore, they ought to be inviolable.
[8] Nixetx is the name of a summit (in classical Shapsughia
in
[9] Lighwetx
(=Ridge of Fire) is the ancient (Circassian) appellation of a Shapsugh
settlement on the left bank of the River Ashe, at a distance of about I3 km
from the
[10] ‘Schewenazchw’
is the name of a brother of a (hallowed and benedict)
‘victim’ of lightning. It
literally means ‘Half-Awake Lad’.
[11] Name
of a ridge in the mountains of Western Circassia, accessible from the road
connecting Maikop to Tuapse
on the Black Sea coast. Tuapse (T’wapse=Two Rivers, in Circassian) is situated between Sochi in the south and Gelendzhik
in the north.
[12] ‘ÀëúòûíûêIý’ is a compound word
formed of the Turkic ‘àëúòûí’ (‘gold’, ‘golden’) and the Circassian ‘êIý’ (here: ‘topknot’).
In the olden days, Circassian men shaved their heads, leaving only a tuft of
hair on the crown of the head. It is evident that not only did Mezithe have red moustaches, but he also had golden-red
hair. When he got into a rage, his topknot would stand on end, terrifying all
those around him.
[13] ‘Áæüàáý’ (‘multi-antlered’, ‘with branching antlers’ = ‘deer’) affords an example of a word used in the (secretive) language of the chase (schak’webze).
[14] ‘’Ezaxwe’ is
the name of a place (in Circassia). ‘’Ezaxwe’
means ‘drinking party’ in Kabardian. Perhaps ’Ezaxwe
was the place to be to drown one’s sorrows!
[15] In the language of
the chase (schak’webze), wild boars and hogs
were referred to as ‘peschabe’
(‘soft-snouts’).
[16] ‘Amewiqwe’ is
the name of a place (in Circassia).
[17] ‘Ariq’ is the
name of mountain ridge (in Kabarda; used for pasturage) and a settlement (also
called ‘Boriqwey’) located on the right bank of the
Terek River to the southwest of the ridge. ‘Deer’ are referred to by the
euphemistic appellation (of the language of the chase) ‘áæüàáý’ (=
‘multi-antlered’, ‘with branching antlers’).
[18] ‘Bedzele’
is a place name (in Circassia).