The Circassian Pantheon

                         Àäûãý Òõüý Õàñý (Ïàíòåîí)

 

                                                 Collected by Amjad Jaimoukha

 

Afi   

(Àôû)

God of lightning.

Amisch (also Amish, Yemish)

(Àìûù, Àìûø, Åìûø)

Initially god of fauna, then god of sheep.

Awishijer, Awischjerjiy, Dawischjerjiy

(Àóøûäæýð, Àóùäæýðäæèé, Äàóùäæýðäæèé)

God of courage and bravery. Circassian version of St. George. Later identified with Jesus Christ.

Axin  

(Àõûí)

God of (large) cattle.

Ghwabzheghwesch

(Ãúóàáæýãúóýù)

Cosmological deity of righteousness and light.

Gwasche

(Ãóàùý)

Goddess, protectress, patroness.

Hedrixe, Hedirix

(Õüýäðûõý, Õüýäûðûõ)

Protector of the dead.

Hedrixethe

(Õüýäðûõýòõüý)

God of the hereafter (Abzakh).

Hek'wschtaschhe, Hekwschtix'

(ÕüýêIóùòàùõüý, Õüýêóùòûõú)

Protector of oxen (Shapsugh).

Hekwstash

(Õüýêóñòàø)

Patron of horsemanship.

Hentsiygwasche, Hentsegwasche

(Õüýíöèéãóàùý, Õüýíöýãóàùý)

Goddess of rain.

Hewits-Hesh

(Õüýóö-Õüýø)

God of seas and demi-gods.

Hex'-Mox'

(Õüýõú-Ìîõú)

God of cosmic bodies.

Jedipe

(Äæýäûïý)

God of rivers and seas (literally: ‘hen’s beak’).

Lhepsch

(Ëúýïù)

Patron of smiths, iron, weapons and fire. Corresponds to the Roman god Vulcan and to Hephæstus in the Greek Pantheon.

Mamisch, Mamish

(Ìàìûù, Ìàìûø)

Patron of fortunetellers, specifically of scapula readers.

Mereim, Meirem

(Ìýðåì, Ìåðýì)

 

Mother of Mighty God (Mary, Mother of Jesus Christ). Patroness of apiculture and grass in (later) association with (native) Merise. In the Christian era in Circassia Mereim shared the magical healing powers of Sozeresh. In Eastern Circassian Friday is named in her honour.

Merise

(Ìýðûñý)

Protectress of bees; later associated with Mary, Mother of Christ. Her three sisters: patronesses of family life, warriors and peasants.

Mezgwasche, Mez Gwasche

(Ìýçãóàùý, Ìýç ãóàùý)

Goddess of forests and trees.

Mezithe

(Ìýçûòõüý)

God of forests, trees, the hunt and beasts. He disposed of the fate of beasts, and brought good luck to the hunt. He is depicted as riding a golden-bristled boar. He took his deer to a meadow wherein a group of virgins milked them.

Peqwe

(Ïýêúóý)

'False' demi-god - creator of the fields - debunked by Wezirmes.

Psathe

(Ïñàòõüý)

God of the soul or life. Also denotes icon of Christian Circassians (in Mozdok).

Psithe

(Ïñûòõüý)

God of water.

Psithegwasche, Psigwasche

(Ïñûòõüýãóàùý, Ïñûãóàùý)

Goddess of water. Popular tradition had her portrayed as a beautiful maid.

Psix'wegwasche

(Ïñûõúóýãóàùý)

Goddess of rivers (river valleys).

Qwedes

(Êúóýäýñ)

God of sea, in form of fish (literally: ‘living in a depression’).

Schible

(Ùûáëý)

God of sky, thunder(storms) and lightning; also of war and justice. Equivalent to Thor in Scandinavian mythology.

Shuu-Muts

(Øóó-Ìóö)

God of wild animals.

Sotresh

(Ñîòðýø)

God of gaiety and holidays.

Sozeresh, Soziresh, Sozeresch, Sozresch

(Ñîçýðýø, Ñîçûðýø, Ñîçýðýù, Ñîçðýù)

God of fertility, family hearth, well-being and illness. He was a great voyager and controlled the winds and waters. He was also the protector of herds (Shawzerish [Øàóçýðûø] in Shapsugh).

Tetertup

(Òýòýðòóï)

God of war and bloodshed. Equivalent to Grecian Ares and to Roman Mars.

The

(Òõüý)

God.

Theghegwf'e Shu

(ÒõüýãúýãóôIý øó)

God of good news (literally: ‘rider who brings joy to the gods’).

Theghelej

(Òõüýãúýëýäæ)

God of fertility and plants.

Theghwiychu

(Òõüýãúóè÷ó)

Protector of people. Intermediary between gods and people.

Thegwasche, The Gwasche

(Òõüýãóàùý, Òõüý ãóàùý)

Protectress of women (literally: Matron of the gods).

Theqwafeshu

(Òõüýêúóàôýøó)

God's herald.

Theshiripx'w

(Òõüýøûðûïõúó)

Patron of beautiful and intelligent women.

Theshu

(Òõüýøó)

Protector of horsemen.

Theshxwe

(Òõüýøõóý)

The Supreme God.

Waschx'we

(Óàùõúóý)

One of the supreme cosmic deities; god of the skies (literally: ‘blue sky’).

Witx'wey Qeis-Qeis

(Óòõúóåé Êúåñ-Êúåñ)

God of rain and snow (Black Sea Shapsugh).

Xade Gwasch(e)

(Õàäý ãóàù[ý])

Goddess of gardens.

Xi Gwasche

(Õû ãóàùý)

Goddess of the seas.

Yele, Yelle

(Åëý, Åëëý)

Prophet (St.) Elijah. Shared the godhead of lightning with Schible in the Christian era.

Yemich

(Åìû÷)

Demi-god. Had a day consecrated to his worship.

Yisp Gwasche

(Èñï ãóàùý)

Protectress of the Yisps (a race of pygmies mentioned in the Nart tales).

Zchegwpathe

(Æüýãóïàòõüý)

God of family hearth.

Zchithe

(Æüûòõüý)

God of wind.

Zeik'wethe

(ÇåêIóýòõüý)

God of campaigns (roads), later, also of horsemanship. He was not set into any particular form by popular tradition.

Zhig Gwasche

(Æûã ãóàùý)

Goddess of trees.

 

   

In addition, the Shapsugh had the following tribal gods: Txaraley, Txatapas, Toxliyt and Chashte.


 

Ancient Circassian Religion

 


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