Biology 2201 Chapter 4 Review
Patterns of Life

Using your text and the links below, start reviewing the concepts from Chapter 4, Interactions of Cell Structures.  Check the Unit Review, page 127, for a full list of terms and concepts.  The questions you have answered cover the important concepts you should know - use them as the basis of your study.

• As always, visit the book's website - http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/booksites/biology/student+resources/toc/index.php
  
• Another favourite site of mine is dictionary.msn.com - learn how to say those tough words!
• http://www.lba.k12.nf.ca/cdli/bio2201/unit02/U2Notes.pdf is a good source for summary information on this unit (i.e. anyone want notes?)
  

• Know how to differentiate between living and non-living things (see page 104)

• Living things are organized systems made up of one or more cells
• Living things metabolize matter and energy
• Living things interact with their environment and are homeostatic
• Living things grow and develop
• Living things reproduce themselves (biogenesis)
• Living things are adapted to their environment
• Trying picking a word from each point in this list to make it easier to remember: cells, metabolize, homeostatic, grow, reproduce, adapted.  You can try to simplify it further by remembering the first letter in each word, or try to make a word from the first letters c-grham.  Whatever works!

• Know the names of the three domains and the 6 kingdoms see the table on page.  We will be going into these domains in detail later, so don't worry about the details here for now
  

Section 4.2 Naming and Classifying organisms (pp.108 - 121)

• Make sure you review the Core Lab, Creating a Dichotomous Key.  You should know how to create a simple key, and you should know how to use one to identify organisms.  This page http://www.park.edu/bhoffman/courses/bi225/labs/Dichotomous%20Keys%202.htm has some great advice
  
• The Wikipedia has some good information about binomial nomenclature at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature.  Of particular importance is the structure of the system (Genus name) the use of italics, and the usefulness of the system
• the same name is used in all languages;
• every species can be unambiguously identified with just two words;
• Remember your KPCOFGS (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species) phrase.  Remember that G (Genus) is the first word used in the binomial nomenclature system.  The order of the taxa is important.
• Question 10, on page 121 should summarize the main points to consider on how biologists classify organisms.
  

• Make sure you watch the animations provided at http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/booksites/biology/student+resources/toc/index.php.
• A virus is a piece of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective protein coat (a capsid).  They are "mobile genes that parasitze cells".  Viruses come in a variety of shapes, and not considered to be a living thing.  One reason why they are considered to be non-living is that they cannot reproduce on their own (can you think of other reasons? See above).  A virus is more closely related to it's target/host cell than it is to other viruses in other groups. 
  
• Know the 5 steps in the Lytic cycle: 1. Attachment, 2. Entry, 3. Replication, 4. Assembly, 5. Lysis and Release.  Be able to describe what happens at each stage.  Know the life cycle of a virus in terms of either being a provirus or a retrovirus.  Using a specific exampe, like HIV may help.  See page 124.
• Here's a great site to see HIV in action : http://www.galaxygoo.org/hiv/hiv.html
  
• Try  http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575740/Virus_(life_science).html  for more information.  The section on Evolution is especially interesting.
  

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