Name:_______________
Date:__________
1. _________ is the process of breaking large molecules into smaller molecules by chemical and physical means so that the body can use them.
2. The digestive tract is also know as the __________ _____.
3. The digestive tract extends from the _____ to the ____.
4. The digestive tract is composed of the _____, _______, ________,_______, _____ __________, and _____ __________.
5. Digestion starts when food is ______.
6. The ______ has taste buds which convey information to the brain about food.
7. The act of chewing is called ___________.
8. Saliva _______ and __________ food so that it can be more easily swallowed.
9. Saliva has a pH of _._, making it slightly ______.
10. Saliva is _ _ % water.
11. Saliva contains a digestive enzyme called ________ _______ which helps digest ______.
12. There are _____ pairs of salivary glands.
13, The largest pair of salivary glands are the _______ ______ which lie just in front of, and slightly below the opening of the ____.
14. The _______ salivary glands become infected and enlarged when one has the mumps.
15. The ____________ salivary glands are near the angle of the lower jaw.
16. The _________ salivary glands are near the sides of the tongue.
17. If our body becomes dehydrated, it draws water from the ________ ______ to replace that which is lost from the blood through sweating.
18. Mastication in the presence of saliva changes food into a ball of food called a _____.
19. The act of swallowing starts as an ___________ process, but become an ___________ process.
20. The ________ is a region shared by both the digestive and respiratory systems.
21. The _____, the small flap of tissue which hangs from the back of the mouth, prevents food from entering the _____ ______.
22. The __________ covers the windpipe so that the bolus cannot enter the _____.
23. It is almost impossible to ______ and ______ at the same time.
24. The bolus is taken down the esophagus by a series of involuntary muscular waves known as ___________.
25. Lining the esophagus are cells which produce _____.
26. The _____ lubricates the esophagus to allow the bolus to pass with less friction.
27. The muscular contractions of peristalsis occurs ______ the bolus so that it is pushed toward the stomach.
28. The point where the esophagus meets the stomach is a value called the ______ ________.
29. The _______ ________ prevents food from coming back into the esophagus when we are upside down.
30. The capacity of the average stomach is a little over a _____.
31. The internal lining of the stomach is called the _______ ______, which contains about _ _, _ _ _ glands that secrete gastric juices which digest food.
32. _______ ______ have three different types of cells which secrete _____ different substances.
33. ________ cells secrete hydrochloric acid.
34. _____ cells secrete pepsinogen.
35. _____ ____ cells secrete mucin.
36. The pH of the stomach is in the range of pH _ to pH _.
37. ____________ ____ practically guarantees that any bacteria that enters with the food is destroyed.
38. The few bacteria that are not destroyed by ___________ ____ can in some cases cause food poisoning.
39. _____ protects the stomach from being dissolved by hydrochloric acid.
40. The acid producing bacteria _ ______, increases the acidity of the stomach so that the stomach lining is dissolved. This condition is called a ______ _____.
41. The quantity of gastric juices secreted to digest an average meal is a little over a ____ _____.
42. The muscular contractions and waves within the walls of the stomach which move the food about is called __________.
43. Peristalsis combined with the digestive action of gastric juices convert the food into a thick liquid called a _____.
44. When the normal path of the peristaltic wave is reversed, ________ occurs.
45. The region of the nervous system which produces ________ is in a part of the brain stem called the _______ _________.
46. At the bottom of the stomach is the _______ ________, which opens to release the chyme into the first part of the small intestines.
47. The first part of the small intestines is _____ than the rest and is called the ________.
48. The _____ and the ________ pour digestive juices into the duodenum.
49. The digestive juice produced by the _____ is called bile.
50. Bile is made in the _____ from the worn out __________ of ___ _____ _____.
51. When bile is not needed for digestion it is stored in the ____ _______.
52. Bile is a ____ which dissolves ____.
53. The digestive part of the pancreas produces _________ _____, which digests _______, ___ and _____________.
54. Another part of the pancreas produces the hormone _______ which transports sugar across cell membranes.
55. If the pancreas does not produce _______, a disease called ________ ________ results.
56. Is insulin involved in digestion in the small intestines?
57. The capillaries of the finger-like projections called _____ of the ________ folds of the small intestines actually absorbs the digested food into the blood stream.
58. The large intestines is also called the _____.
59. The large intestines absorbs _____ from waste and allows it to be _________ into the body.
60. In the large intestines are colonies of ________ which act on the undigested waste and convert these into _____, _____, _________, and _____.
61. Does digestion occur in the large intestines?
62. The reabsorption of water and the action of bacteria change the consistency of the intestinal contents from a ______ to a _________ called _____.
63. The indigestible parts of food, such as _________, are called _____.
64. _____ stimulates the lining of the intestines to induce peristalsis and the opening of the ____ ________ which allows the elimination of feces from the body.
65. The _______ is a small projection in the small intestines which is useless in modern man.
66. Severe inflammation and rupture of the ________ is known as ____________.
67. The small intestines is _ _ feet long.
68. The large intestines is _ feet long.
69. Which has the larger diameter, the small of the large intestines?